Combine dependencies and dependencies-linux

Platform dependencies aren't supported according to the dub
documentation, that states: "this setting does not support platform
suffixes".

dub test with dub 1.34.0 produces a warning:

"dependencies-linux: Key is not a valid member of this section.
Did you mean: dependencies"

Then the build fails because it cannot find modules defined in the
dependency.

.gitignore

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ dub.selections.json
 
 __test__*__
 __test__*__.core
-/tanya-test-*
+tanya-*test-*
-/dub_platform_probe-*
+/dub_platform_probe[_-]*
 
 /docs/
 /docs.json

.travis.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-sudo: false
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-
-language: d
-
-d:
-  - dmd-2.082.0
-  - dmd-2.081.2
-
-env:
-  matrix:
-    - ARCH=x86_64
-    - ARCH=x86
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - gcc-multilib
-
-before_script:
-  - if [ "`$DC --version | head -n 1 | grep 'v2.082.0'`" ]; then
-      export UNITTEST="unittest-cov";
-    fi
-
-script:
-  - dub test -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC
-  - if [ "$UNITTEST" ] && [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ] && [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "linux" ];
-    then
-      dub fetch dscanner --version=0.5.10;
-      dub run dscanner -- --styleCheck ./source/;
-    fi
-
-after_success:
-  - test "$UNITTEST" && bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Contributor Code of Conduct
-
-This project adheres to No Code of Conduct.  We are all adults.  We accept anyone's contributions.  Nothing else matters.
-
-For more information please visit the [No Code of Conduct](https://github.com/domgetter/NCoC) homepage.

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-
-# Contributing
-
-Tanya is a project in active development, therefore any help is appreciated. Thank you for considering contributing
-to it, feel welcome.
-These guidelines describe ways to get started.
-
-
-## Ways to get involved
-
-* **Reporting a problem**: [Report](https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues) bugs and usage problems you
-encounter.
-* **Fixing issues**: [The bug tracker](https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues) contains a list of issues you
-can work on.
-* **Documentation**: You can improve API documentation by correcting grammar errors, completing existing texts and
-writing new ones, or providing usage examples.
-* **Testing**: Test coverage is important for a library. Writing tests is not only helpful, but is also a great way
-to get a feel for how tanya works.
-* **Adding new features**: Tanya is a growing library. If you think some feature is missing, you can suggest
-and implement this.
-
-
-## Opening an issue
-
-If you have found a bug, an error, have some question, or suggestion,
-[Open an issue](https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues). I'll try to answer as soon as I can. There is also a
-list of open issues that mirror the current development process and progress. If you're looking for a challenge, just
-pick an issue you are interested in and start working on it. Fill free to comment on the issue to get more
-information.
-
-You can also look at the [milestones](https://github.com/Dlackware/gnome/milestones) to see what is planned for a
-specific release.
-
-
-## Contribution process
-
-### Creating a pull request
-
-I accept GitHub pull requests. Creating a pull request is like sending a patch with the suggested change.
-First you have to [fork](https://guides.github.com/activities/forking/) the repository. Clone your fork locally
-with `git clone` and create a new branch where you want to work. For example:
-
-```shell
-git checkout -b bugfix-x
-```
-Commit your changes to your fork:
-
-```shell
-git commit -m "Fix X"
-git push -u origin bugfix-x
-```
-
-After that if you visit your fork on GitHub, GitHub will suggest to create pull request. Just follow the steps
-described on GitHub to finish the process. See
-[Using Pull Requests](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more information.
-
-Please ensure that your fork is even with the upstream (original) repository. If not, you have to rebase your branch
-on upstream/master before submitting the pull request. See [Syncing a fork](https://help.github.com/articles/syncing-a-fork/) for a
-step-by-step guide.
-
-### Fixing a bug
-
-Add a unit test that demonstrates the bug along with a short description or link to the original bug.
-
-### Adding new features
-
-* Use Ddoc to document the feature.
-* Add some unit tests to prevent bugs.
-* [Documented D unit tests](https://dlang.org/spec/ddoc.html#using_ddoc_to_generate_examples) go into the documentation and can be used as an usage
-example. These tests should be readable and not complicated since they demonstrate how the feature is supposed to work.
-* More advanced tests should be put into a separate not documented unittest block.
-
-### Writing unit tests
-
-```d
-///
-unittest
-{
-    // A documented unit test has three slashes in front of it.
-}
-
-// Issue ##: https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues/##.
-unittest
-{
-    // Not documented unit test may still have a description.
-}
-```
-
-### Style guide
-
-Make sure your changes follow [The D Style](https://dlang.org/dstyle.html) (including
-[Additional Requirements for Phobos](https://dlang.org/dstyle.html#phobos)).
-
-You can also use [dscanner](https://github.com/dlang-community/D-Scanner) to test the new code against the
-most guidlines. The root of this repository contains
-[dscanner.ini](https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/dscanner.ini), configuration file with settings for an
-automatic style check. Just go to the top-level directory and issue (this assumes `dscanner` is installed in your
-system):
-
-```shell
-dscanner --styleCheck source
-```
-
-## Questions and suggestions
-
-* [Open an issue](https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues)
-* [Send an email](mailto:info@caraus.de)

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 # Tanya
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/caraus-ecms/tanya)
-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/master)
-[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/caraus-ecms/tanya/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/caraus-ecms/tanya)
 [![Dub version](https://img.shields.io/dub/v/tanya.svg)](https://code.dlang.org/packages/tanya)
 [![Dub downloads](https://img.shields.io/dub/dt/tanya.svg)](https://code.dlang.org/packages/tanya)
-[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MPL_2.0-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/master/LICENSE)
+[![License: MPL 2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MPL_2.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MPL-2.0)
 
 Tanya is a general purpose library for D programming language.
 
@@ -15,25 +12,19 @@ Garbage Collector heap. Everything in the library is usable in @nogc code.
 Tanya provides data structures and utilities to facilitate painless systems
 programming in D.
 
-* [API Documentation](https://docs.caraus.io/tanya)
+- [API Documentation](https://docs.caraus.tech/tanya)
-* [Contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md)
-
 
 ## Overview
 
 Tanya consists of the following packages and (top-level) modules:
 
 * `algorithm`: Collection of generic algorithms.
-* `async`: Event loop (epoll, kqueue and IOCP).
+* `bitmanip`: Bit manipulation.
 * `container`: Queue, Array, Singly and doubly linked lists, Buffers, UTF-8
 string, Set, Hash table.
 * `conv`: This module provides functions for converting between different
 types.
-* `encoding`: This package provides tools to work with text encodings.
-* `exception`: Common exceptions and errors.
 * `format`: Formatting and conversion functions.
-* `functional`: Functions that manipulate other functions and their argument
-lists.
 * `hash`: Hash algorithms.
 * `math`: Arbitrary precision integer and a set of functions.
 * `memory`: Tools for manual memory management (allocators, smart pointers).
@@ -42,9 +33,6 @@ type information at compile-time, to transform from one type to another. It has
 also different algorithms for iterating, searching and modifying template
 arguments.
 * `net`: URL-Parsing, network programming.
-* `network`: Socket implementation. `network` is currently under rework.
-After finishing the new socket implementation will land in the `net` package and
-`network` will be deprecated.
 * `os`: Platform-independent interfaces to operating system functionality.
 * `range`: Generic functions and templates for D ranges.
 * `test`: Test suite for unittest-blocks.
@@ -173,26 +161,8 @@ parameter is used)
 ### Supported compilers
 
 | DMD     | GCC       |
-|:-------:|:------:|
+|:-------:|:---------:|
-| 2.082.0 | gdc-8  |
+| 2.100.0 | 12.1      |
-| 2.081.2 | gdc-7  |
-
-### Release management
-
-Tanya is still under active development and it isn't possible to provide great
-backwards-compatibility at this stage. This won't change until 1.0.0. Almost
-every release contains new features or API changes alongside bug fixes. Thus:
-
-- Patch releases add new functionality and bug fixes in a backwards-compatible
-manner
-
-- Minor releases contain API breakages
-
-- Major release number is always the same: `0.x.x`
-
-Deprecated functionality is where possible marked as such before getting
-removed. It is left in the library for one release: If 0.8.1 deprecates some
-feature, it is removed in the next release: 0.9.0.
 
 ## Further characteristics
 
@@ -213,4 +183,4 @@ aren't supported
 ## Feedback
 
 Any feedback about your experience with tanya would be greatly appreciated. Feel free to
-[contact me](mailto:info@caraus.de).
+[contact me](mailto:belka@caraus.de).

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-platform: x64
-os: Visual Studio 2015
-
-environment:
-  matrix:
-    - DC: dmd
-      DVersion: 2.082.0
-      arch: x64
-    - DC: dmd
-      DVersion: 2.082.0
-      arch: x86
-    - DC: dmd
-      DVersion: 2.081.2
-      arch: x64
-    - DC: dmd
-      DVersion: 2.081.2
-      arch: x86
-
-skip_tags: true
-
-install:
-  - ps: function SetUpDCompiler
-        {
-          $env:toolchain = "msvc";
-          $version = $env:DVersion;
-          Invoke-WebRequest "http://downloads.dlang.org/releases/2.x/$($version)/dmd.$($version).windows.7z" -OutFile "c:\dmd.7z";
-          echo "finished.";
-          pushd c:\\;
-          7z x dmd.7z > $null;
-          popd;
-        }
-  - ps: SetUpDCompiler
-
-before_build:
-  - ps: if($env:arch -eq "x86"){
-          $env:compilersetupargs = "x86";
-          $env:Darch = "x86_mscoff";
-        }
-        elseif($env:arch -eq "x64"){
-          $env:compilersetupargs = "amd64";
-          $env:Darch = "x86_64";
-        }
-  - ps: $env:PATH += ";C:\dmd2\windows\bin;";
-  - call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall" %compilersetupargs%
-
-build_script:
-  - echo dummy build script - dont remove me
-
-test_script:
-  - echo %Darch%
-  - echo %PATH%
-  - 'dub --version'
-  - '%DC% --version'
-  - dub test -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%

arch/build.ninja

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-rule gas
-  command = gcc -c $in -o $out
-
-rule archive
-  command = ar rcs $out $in
-
-build abs.o: gas x64/linux/math/abs.S
-build log.o: gas x64/linux/math/log.S
-build cmp.o: gas x64/linux/memory/cmp.S
-build fill.o: gas x64/linux/memory/fill.S
-build copy.o: gas x64/linux/memory/copy.S
-build syscall.o: gas x64/linux/syscall.S
-
-build tanya.a: archive syscall.o copy.o fill.o cmp.o log.o abs.o

arch/x64/linux/concurrency/thread.S

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-	.globl thrd_current
-	.type thrd_current, @function
-
-thrd_current:
-	mov %fs:0, %rax
-	ret

arch/x64/linux/math/abs.S

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-
-// fabsf.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNffZf
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNffZf, @function
-
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNffZf:
-	mov $0x7fffffff, %eax
-	movq %rax, %xmm1
-	andpd %xmm1, %xmm0
-	ret
-
-
-// fabs.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfdZd
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfdZd, @function
-
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfdZd:
-	mov $0x7fffffffffffffff, %rax
-	movq %rax, %xmm1
-	andpd %xmm1, %xmm0
-	ret
-
-
-// fabsl.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfeZe
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfeZe, @function
-
-// Load the parameter from the stack onto FP stack, execute 'fabs' instruction
-// The result is returned in ST0.
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory4fabsFNaNbNiNfeZe:
-	fldt 0x8(%rsp)
-	fabs
-	ret

arch/x64/linux/math/log.S

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-
-// logf.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4logfFNaNbNiNffZf
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4logfFNaNbNiNffZf, @function
-
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory4logfFNaNbNiNffZf:
-	movss %xmm0, -4(%rsp) // Put the argument onto the stack
-
-	fldln2 // Put lb(e) onto the FPU stack
-	flds -4(%rsp) // Put a float onto the FPU stack
-	fyl2x // %st1 * lb(%st0)
-
-	 // The result is on the FPU stack, but returned in %xmm0
-	fstps -4(%rsp)
-	movss -4(%rsp), %xmm0
-
-	ret
-
-
-// log.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory3logFNaNbNiNfdZd
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory3logFNaNbNiNfdZd, @function
-
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory3logFNaNbNiNfdZd:
-	movsd %xmm0, -8(%rsp) // Put the argument onto the stack
-
-	fldln2 // Put lb(e) onto the FPU stack
-	fldl -8(%rsp) // Put a double onto the FPU stack
-	fyl2x // %st1 * lb(%st0)
-
-	 // The result is on the FPU stack, but returned in %xmm0
-	fstpl -8(%rsp)
-	movsd -8(%rsp), %xmm0
-
-	ret
-
-
-// logl.
-	.globl _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4loglFNaNbNiNfeZe
-	.type _D5tanya4math8nbtheory4loglFNaNbNiNfeZe, @function
-
-_D5tanya4math8nbtheory4loglFNaNbNiNfeZe:
-	fldln2 // Put lb(e) onto the FPU stack
-	fldt 8(%rsp) // Put the argument onto the FPU stack
-	fyl2x // %st1 * lb(%st0)
-	ret

arch/x64/linux/memory/cmp.S

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-/*
- * cmpMemory.
- *
- * rdi - r1 length
- * rsi - r1 data.
- * rdx - r2 length.
- * rcx - r2 data.
- */
-	.globl _D5tanya6memory2op9cmpMemoryFNaNbNixAvxQdZi
-	.type _D5tanya6memory2op9cmpMemoryFNaNbNixAvxQdZi, @function
-_D5tanya6memory2op9cmpMemoryFNaNbNixAvxQdZi:
-		// Compare the lengths
-		cmp %rdx, %rdi
-		jl  less
-		jg  greater
-
-		mov %rcx, %rdi
-
-		// Check if we're aligned
-		cmp $0x08, %rdx
-		jc aligned_1
-		test $0x07, %edi
-		jz aligned_8
-
-	naligned:
-		cmpsb
-		jl less
-		jg greater
-
-		dec %rdx
-		test $0x07, %edi
-		jnz naligned
-
-	aligned_8:
-		mov %rdx,  %rcx
-		shr $0x03, %rcx
-
-		repe cmpsq
-		jl less
-		jg greater
-
-		and $0x07, %edx
-		jz equal
-
-	aligned_1: // Compare the remaining bytes
-		mov %rdx, %rcx
-		cmp $0x0, %rcx
-
-		repe cmpsb
-		jl less
-		jg greater
-
-	equal:
-		xor %rax, %rax // Return 0
-		jmp end
-
-	greater:
-		mov $0x01, %rax
-		jmp end
-
-	less:
-		mov $-0x01, %rax
-
-	end:
-		ret

arch/x64/linux/memory/copy.S

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-/*
- * copyMemory.
- *
- * rdi - source length
- * rsi - source data.
- * rdx - target length.
- * rcx - target data.
- */
-	.globl _D5tanya6memory2op10copyMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv
-	.type _D5tanya6memory2op10copyMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv, @function
-
-_D5tanya6memory2op10copyMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv:
-		mov %rdi, %rdx
-		mov %rcx, %rdi
-
-		cmp  $0x08, %rdx
-		jc aligned_1
-		test $0x07, %edi
-		jz aligned_8
-
-	naligned:
-		movsb
-		dec  %rdx
-		test $0x07, %edi
-		jnz naligned
-
-	aligned_8:
-		mov %rdx,  %rcx
-		shr $0x03, %rcx
-		rep movsq
-		and $0x07, %edx
-		jz end
-
-	aligned_1:
-		// Write the remaining bytes
-		mov %rdx, %rcx
-		rep movsb
-
-	end:
-		ret
-
-/*
- * moveMemory.
- *
- * rdi - source length
- * rsi - source data.
- * rdx - target length.
- * rcx - target data.
- */
-	.globl _D5tanya6memory2op10moveMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv
-	.type _D5tanya6memory2op10moveMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv, @function
-
-_D5tanya6memory2op10moveMemoryFNaNbNixAvAvZv:
-		mov %rdi, %rdx
-
-		lea -1(%rdx, %rsi), %rsi
-		lea -1(%rdx, %rcx), %rdi
-		mov %rdx, %rcx
-
-		std // Set the direction flag
-
-		rep movsb
-
-		cld // Clear the direction flag
-		ret

arch/x64/linux/memory/fill.S

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-	.text
-
-/*
- * fillMemory.
- *
- * rdi - length.
- * rsi - pointer.
- * rdx - value filled with a byte.
- */
-	.globl _D5tanya6memory2op10fillMemoryFNaNbNiAvmZv
-	.type _D5tanya6memory2op10fillMemoryFNaNbNiAvmZv, @function
-
-_D5tanya6memory2op10fillMemoryFNaNbNiAvmZv:
-		// Check for zero length
-		test    %rdi, %rdi
-		jz end
-
-		mov     %rdi, %rax
-		mov     %rsi, %r8
-
-		movq    %rdx,  %xmm0
-		movlhps %xmm0, %xmm0
-
-		// Check if the pointer is aligned to a 16-byte boundary
-		and     $-0x10, %r8
-
-		// Compute the number of misaligned bytes
-		mov  %rsi, %r9
-		sub  %r8,  %r9
-
-		test %r9,  %r9
-		jz aligned
-
-		// Get the number of bytes to be written until we are aligned
-		mov $0x10, %rcx
-		sub %r9,   %rcx
-
-		mov %rsi,  %r8
-
-		// If the length is less than the number of misaligned bytes,
-		// write one byte at a time and exit
-		cmp %rax, %rcx
-		jg aligned_1
-
-	naligned:
-		mov %dl, (%r8) // Write a byte
-
-		// Advance the pointer. Decrease the total number of bytes
-		// and the misaligned ones
-		inc %r8
-		dec %rcx
-		dec %rax
-
-		// Checks if we are aligned
-		test %rcx, %rcx
-		jnz naligned
-
-	aligned:
-		// Checks if we're done writing bytes
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jz end
-
-		// Write 1 byte at a time
-		cmp $8, %rax
-		jl aligned_1
-
-		// Write 8 bytes at a time
-		cmp $16, %rax
-		jl aligned_8
-
-		// Write 16 bytes at a time
-		cmp $32, %rax
-		jl aligned_16
-
-		// Write 32 bytes at a time
-		cmp $64, %rax
-		jl aligned_32
-
-	aligned_64:
-		movdqa %xmm0, (%r8)
-		movdqa %xmm0, 16(%r8)
-		movdqa %xmm0, 32(%r8)
-		movdqa %xmm0, 48(%r8)
-
-		add $64, %r8
-		sub $64, %rax
-
-		cmp $64, %rax
-		jge aligned_64
-
-		// Checks if we're done writing bytes
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jz end
-
-		// Write 1 byte at a time
-		cmp $8, %rax
-		jl aligned_1
-
-		// Write 8 bytes at a time
-		cmp $16, %rax
-		jl aligned_8
-
-		// Write 16 bytes at a time
-		cmp $32, %rax
-		jl aligned_16
-
-	aligned_32:
-		movdqa %xmm0, (%r8)
-		movdqa %xmm0, 16(%r8)
-
-		add $32, %r8
-		sub $32, %rax
-
-		// Checks if we're done writing bytes
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jz end
-
-		// Write 1 byte at a time
-		cmp $8, %rax
-		jl aligned_1
-
-		// Write 8 bytes at a time
-		cmp $16, %rax
-		jl aligned_8
-
-	aligned_16:
-		movdqa %xmm0, (%r8)
-
-		add $16, %r8
-		sub $16, %rax
-
-		// Checks if we're done writing bytes
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jz end
-
-		// Write 1 byte at a time
-		cmp $8, %rax
-		jl aligned_1
-
-	aligned_8:
-		mov %rdx, (%r8)
-
-		add $8, %r8
-		sub $8, %rax
-
-		// Checks if we're done writing bytes
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jz end
-
-	aligned_1:
-		mov %dl, (%r8)
-
-		inc %r8
-		dec %rax
-
-		test %rax, %rax
-		jnz aligned_1
-
-	end:
-		ret

arch/x64/linux/syscall.S

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/*
-The kernel uses the following registers:
-%rdi, %rsi, %rdx, %r8, %r9, %r10
-
-The number of the syscall is passed in %rax.
-
-A syscall clobbers:
-%rax, %rcx, %r11
-
-The returned value is placed in %rax.
-*/
-	.text
-
-// 1 parameter.
-	.globl _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillZl
-	.type _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillZl, @function
-
-_D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillZl:
-	movq %rsi, %rax // Syscall number.
-
-	syscall
-
-	ret
-
-
-// 2 parameters.
-	.globl _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllZl
-	.type _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllZl, @function
-
-_D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllZl:
-	movq %rdx, %rax
-
-	syscall
-
-	ret
-
-
-// 3 parameters.
-	.globl _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillllZl
-	.type _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillllZl, @function
-
-_D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNillllZl:
-	movq %rcx, %rax
-
-	syscall
-
-	ret
-
-
-// 6 parameters.
-	.globl _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllllllZl
-	.type _D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllllllZl, @function
-
-_D5tanya3sys5linux7syscallQiFNbNilllllllZl:
-	pushq %rbp
-	movq %rsp, %rbp
-
-	movq 16(%rbp), %rax
-
-	mov %rcx, %r10
-
-	syscall
-
-	leave
-	ret

codecov.yml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-ignore:
-  - "source/tanya/async/event/iocp.d"
-  - "source/tanya/async/iocp.d"

dub.json

@@ -2,17 +2,28 @@
 	"name": "tanya",
 	"description": "@nogc library. Containers, networking, metaprogramming, memory management, utilities",
 	"license": "MPL-2.0",
-	"copyright": "© Eugene Wissner <info@caraus.de>",
+	"copyright": "© Eugene Wissner <belka@caraus.de>",
 	"authors": [
 		"Eugene Wissner"
 	],
 
 	"targetType": "library",
 
-	"dependencies-linux": {
+	"dependencies": {
+		"tanya:meta": "*",
+		"tanya:os": "*",
+		"tanya:middle": "*",
+		"tanya:test": "*",
 		"mir-linux-kernel": "~>1.0.0"
 	},
 
+	"subPackages": [
+		"./meta",
+		"./os",
+		"./middle",
+		"./test"
+	],
+
 	"configurations": [
 		{
 			"name": "library",
@@ -27,13 +38,38 @@
 		{
 			"name": "native",
 			"targetType": "library",
-			"platforms": ["linux-x86_64-gdc"],
+			"platforms": ["linux-x86_64"],
-			"preBuildCommands": ["ninja -C arch"],
-			"lflags": ["arch/tanya.a"],
 			"versions": ["TanyaNative"]
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "unittest",
+			"versions": ["TanyaPhobos"],
+			"importPaths": [
+				"./source",
+				"./tests"
+			],
+			"sourcePaths": [
+				"./source",
+				"./tests"
+			]
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "unittest-native",
+			"platforms": ["linux-x86_64"],
+			"versions": ["TanyaNative"],
+			"importPaths": [
+				"./source",
+				"./tests"
+			],
+			"sourcePaths": [
+				"./source",
+				"./tests"
+			]
 		}
 	],
 
+	"dflags-dmd": ["-dip1000"],
+
 	"libs-windows": ["advapi32"],
 	"libs-windows-x86_mscoff": ["iphlpapi"],
 	"libs-windows-x86_64": ["iphlpapi"]

meta/dub.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"name": "meta",
+	"description": "Template metaprogramming",
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"dflags-dmd": ["-dip1000"]
+}

meta/tanya/meta/metafunction.d

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
  * It contains different algorithms for iterating, searching and modifying
  * template arguments.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/metafunction.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/metafunction.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/metafunction.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta.metafunction;
@@ -238,18 +238,6 @@ struct Pack(Args...)
     alias Seq this;
 }
 
-deprecated("Use Pack instead")
-struct Tuple(Args...)
-{
-    /// Elements in this tuple as $(D_PSYMBOL AliasSeq).
-    alias Seq = Args;
-
-    /// The length of the tuple.
-    enum size_t length = Args.length;
-
-    alias Seq this;
-}
-
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
@@ -810,22 +798,7 @@ alias AliasSeq(Args...) = Args;
  * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if all the items of $(D_PARAM L) satisfy
  *          $(D_PARAM F), $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
  */
-template allSatisfy(alias F, L...)
+enum bool allSatisfy(alias F, L...) = Filter!(templateNot!F, L).length == 0;
-if (__traits(isTemplate, F))
-{
-    static if (L.length == 0)
-    {
-        enum bool allSatisfy = true;
-    }
-    else static if (F!(L[0]))
-    {
-        enum bool allSatisfy = allSatisfy!(F, L[1 .. $]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        enum bool allSatisfy = false;
-    }
-}
 
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -848,22 +821,7 @@ if (__traits(isTemplate, F))
  * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if any of the items of $(D_PARAM L) satisfy
  *          $(D_PARAM F), $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
  */
-template anySatisfy(alias F, L...)
+enum bool anySatisfy(alias F, L...) = Filter!(F, L).length != 0;
-if (__traits(isTemplate, F))
-{
-    static if (L.length == 0)
-    {
-        enum bool anySatisfy = false;
-    }
-    else static if (F!(L[0]))
-    {
-        enum bool anySatisfy = true;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        enum bool anySatisfy = anySatisfy!(F, L[1 .. $]);
-    }
-}
 
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -873,21 +831,18 @@ if (__traits(isTemplate, F))
     static assert(!anySatisfy!(isSigned, uint, ushort, ulong));
 }
 
-private template indexOf(ptrdiff_t i, Args...)
+private template indexOf(Args...)
-if (Args.length > 0)
 {
-    static if (Args.length == 1)
+    static foreach (i, Arg; Args[1 .. $])
     {
-        enum ptrdiff_t indexOf = -1;
+        static if (!is(typeof(indexOf) == ptrdiff_t) && isEqual!(Args[0], Arg))
-    }
-    else static if (isEqual!(Args[0 .. 2]))
         {
             enum ptrdiff_t indexOf = i;
         }
-    else
+    }
+    static if (!is(typeof(indexOf) == ptrdiff_t))
     {
-        enum ptrdiff_t indexOf = indexOf!(i + 1,
+        enum ptrdiff_t indexOf = -1;
-                                          AliasSeq!(Args[0], Args[2 .. $]));
     }
 }
 
@@ -903,13 +858,13 @@ if (Args.length > 0)
  */
 template staticIndexOf(T, L...)
 {
-    enum ptrdiff_t staticIndexOf = indexOf!(0, AliasSeq!(T, L));
+    enum ptrdiff_t staticIndexOf = indexOf!(T, L);
 }
 
 /// ditto
 template staticIndexOf(alias T, L...)
 {
-    enum ptrdiff_t staticIndexOf = indexOf!(0, AliasSeq!(T, L));
+    enum ptrdiff_t staticIndexOf = indexOf!(T, L);
 }
 
 ///
@@ -932,16 +887,10 @@ template staticIndexOf(alias T, L...)
  * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) can be found in $(D_PARAM L),
  *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
  */
-template canFind(T, L...)
+enum bool canFind(T, L...) = staticIndexOf!(T, L) != -1;
-{
-    enum bool canFind = indexOf!(0, AliasSeq!(T, L)) != -1;
-}
 
 /// ditto
-template canFind(alias T, L...)
+enum bool canFind(alias T, L...) = staticIndexOf!(T, L) != -1;
-{
-    enum bool canFind = indexOf!(0, AliasSeq!(T, L)) != -1;
-}
 
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -1141,30 +1090,6 @@ if (__traits(isTemplate, cmp))
     static assert(!isSorted!(cmp, long, byte, ubyte, short, uint));
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum cmp(int x, int y) = x - y;
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2, 4));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2, 4, 8));
-    static assert(!isSorted!(cmp, 32, 2, 2, 4, 8));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 32, 32));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum cmp(int x, int y) = x < y;
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2, 4));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 1, 2, 2, 4, 8));
-    static assert(!isSorted!(cmp, 32, 2, 2, 4, 8));
-    static assert(isSorted!(cmp, 32, 32));
-}
-
 /**
  * Params:
  *  T    = A template.
@@ -1653,6 +1578,7 @@ template EraseAll(alias T, L...)
  *          $(D_PARAM pred).
  */
 template Filter(alias pred, L...)
+if (__traits(isTemplate, pred))
 {
     static if (L.length == 0)
     {
@@ -1813,3 +1739,62 @@ if (T.length == 2)
     static assert(is(Select!(true, int, float) == int));
     static assert(is(Select!(false, int, float) == float));
 }
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a numeric index to each element from $(D_PARAM Args).
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL EnumerateFrom) returns a sequence of tuples ($(D_PSYMBOL Pack)s)
+ * consisting of the index of each element and the element itself.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  start = Enumeration initial value.
+ *  Args  = Enumerated sequence.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL Enumerate).
+ */
+template EnumerateFrom(size_t start, Args...)
+{
+    static if (Args.length == 0)
+    {
+        alias EnumerateFrom = AliasSeq!();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias EnumerateFrom = AliasSeq!(Pack!(start, Args[0]), EnumerateFrom!(start + 1, Args[1 .. $]));
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(EnumerateFrom!(0, int, uint, bool).length == 3);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    alias Expected = AliasSeq!(Pack!(cast(size_t) 0, int),
+                               Pack!(cast(size_t) 1, uint));
+    static assert(is(EnumerateFrom!(0, int, uint) == Expected));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a numeric index to each element from $(D_PARAM Args).
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL EnumerateFrom) returns a sequence of tuples ($(D_PSYMBOL Pack)s)
+ * consisting of the index of each element and the element itself.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Args  = Enumerated sequence.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL EnumerateFrom).
+ */
+alias Enumerate(Args...) = EnumerateFrom!(0, Args);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    alias Expected = AliasSeq!(Pack!(cast(size_t) 0, int),
+                               Pack!(cast(size_t) 1, uint));
+    static assert(is(Enumerate!(int, uint) == Expected));
+}

meta/tanya/meta/package.d

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
  * to transform from one type to another. It has also different algorithms for
  * iterating, searching and modifying template arguments.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/package.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta;

meta/tanya/meta/trait.d

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
  * Templates in this module are used to obtain type information at compile
  * time.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/trait.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/trait.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/trait.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta.trait;
@@ -70,47 +70,6 @@ enum bool isWideString(T) = is(T : const dchar[]) && !isStaticArray!T;
     static assert(!isWideString!(dchar[10]));
 }
 
-/**
- * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a complex type.
- *
- * Complex types are:
- * $(UL
- *  $(LI cfloat)
- *  $(LI ifloat)
- *  $(LI cdouble)
- *  $(LI idouble)
- *  $(LI creal)
- *  $(LI ireal)
- * )
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) is a complex type,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-enum bool isComplex(T) = is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == cfloat)
-                      || is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == ifloat)
-                      || is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == cdouble)
-                      || is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == idouble)
-                      || is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == creal)
-                      || is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == ireal);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(isComplex!cfloat);
-    static assert(isComplex!ifloat);
-    static assert(isComplex!cdouble);
-    static assert(isComplex!idouble);
-    static assert(isComplex!creal);
-    static assert(isComplex!ireal);
-
-    static assert(!isComplex!float);
-    static assert(!isComplex!double);
-    static assert(!isComplex!real);
-}
-
 /*
  * Tests whether $(D_PARAM T) is an interface.
  *
@@ -353,32 +312,6 @@ enum bool isIntegral(T) = isUnsigned!T
     static assert(!isIntegral!float);
 }
 
-/**
- * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a numeric (floating point, integral or
- * complex) type.
-*
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) is a numeric type,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isIntegral!T),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isFloatingPoint),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isComplex).
- */
-enum bool isNumeric(T) = isIntegral!T || isFloatingPoint!T || isComplex!T;
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    alias F = float;
-    static assert(isNumeric!F);
-    static assert(!isNumeric!bool);
-    static assert(!isNumeric!char);
-    static assert(!isNumeric!wchar);
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a boolean type, i.e. $(D_KEYWORD bool).
  *
@@ -458,67 +391,6 @@ enum bool isSomeChar(T) = is(Unqual!(OriginalType!T) == char)
     static assert(!isSomeChar!uint);
 }
 
-/**
- * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a scalar type.
- *
- * Scalar types are numbers, booleans and characters.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) is a scalar type,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isNumeric),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isBoolean),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isSomeChar).
- */
-enum bool isScalarType(T) = isNumeric!T || isBoolean!T || isSomeChar!T;
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(isScalarType!int);
-    static assert(!isScalarType!(int[]));
-}
-
-/**
- * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a basic type.
- *
- * Basic types are scalar types and $(D_KEYWORD void).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) is a basic type,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isScalarType).
- */
-enum bool isBasicType(T) = isScalarType!T || is(T : void);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-    }
-    class C
-    {
-    }
-    enum E : int
-    {
-        i = 0,
-    }
-
-    static assert(isBasicType!void);
-    static assert(isBasicType!(shared void));
-    static assert(isBasicType!E);
-    static assert(!isBasicType!(int*));
-    static assert(!isBasicType!(void function()));
-    static assert(!isBasicType!C);
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a pointer type.
  *
@@ -549,19 +421,6 @@ template isPointer(T)
     static assert(!isPointer!bool);
 }
 
-// typeof(null) is not a pointer.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(!isPointer!(typeof(null)));
-    static assert(!isPointer!(const shared typeof(null)));
-
-    enum typeOfNull : typeof(null)
-    {
-        null_ = null,
-    }
-    static assert(!isPointer!typeOfNull);
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is an array type (dynamic or static, but
  * not an associative one).
@@ -689,34 +548,6 @@ template isAssociativeArray(T)
     static assert(!isAssociativeArray!bool);
 }
 
-/**
- * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is a built-in type.
- *
- * Built-in types are all basic types and arrays.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM T) is a built-in type,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isBasicType!T),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isArray),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isAssociativeArray).
- */
-enum bool isBuiltinType(T) = isBasicType!T
-                          || isArray!T
-                          || isAssociativeArray!T;
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(isBuiltinType!int);
-    static assert(isBuiltinType!(int[]));
-    static assert(isBuiltinType!(int[int]));
-    static assert(!isBuiltinType!(int*));
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) is an aggregate type.
  *
@@ -857,57 +688,6 @@ enum bool isSomeString(T) = isNarrowString!T || isWideString!T;
     static assert(!isSomeString!(char[10]));
 }
 
-/**
- * Returns the minimum value of type $(D_PARAM T). In contrast to
- * $(D_INLINECODE T.min) this template works with floating point and complex
- * types as well.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Integral, boolean, floating point, complex or character type.
- *
- * Returns: The minimum value of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isIntegral),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isBoolean),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isSomeChar),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isFloatingPoint),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL isComplex).
- */
-template mostNegative(T)
-{
-    static if (isIntegral!T || isBoolean!T || isSomeChar!T)
-    {
-        enum T mostNegative = T.min;
-    }
-    else static if (isFloatingPoint!T || isComplex!T)
-    {
-        enum T mostNegative = -T.max;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " doesn't have the minimum value");
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(mostNegative!char == char.min);
-    static assert(mostNegative!wchar == wchar.min);
-    static assert(mostNegative!dchar == dchar.min);
-
-    static assert(mostNegative!byte == byte.min);
-    static assert(mostNegative!ubyte == ubyte.min);
-    static assert(mostNegative!bool == bool.min);
-
-    static assert(mostNegative!float == -float.max);
-    static assert(mostNegative!double == -double.max);
-    static assert(mostNegative!real == -real.max);
-
-    static assert(mostNegative!ifloat == -ifloat.max);
-    static assert(mostNegative!cfloat == -cfloat.max);
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether the type $(D_PARAM T) is copyable.
  *
@@ -1478,21 +1258,9 @@ if (F.length == 1)
     static assert(!isCallable!I);
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        @property int opCall()
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    S s;
-    static assert(isCallable!S);
-    static assert(isCallable!s);
-}
-
 /**
+ * Determines whether $(D_PARAM T) defines a symbol $(D_PARAM member).
+ *
  * Params:
  *  T      = Aggregate type.
  *  member = Symbol name.
@@ -1601,7 +1369,7 @@ if (is(T == class) || is(T == struct) || is(T == union))
 }
 
 ///
-pure nothrow @safe unittest
+@nogc pure nothrow @safe unittest
 {
     static struct S
     {
@@ -1674,63 +1442,6 @@ if (isCallable!F)
     static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!(() {}) == function));
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!(void delegate()) == function));
-
-    static void staticFunc()
-    {
-    }
-    auto functionPointer = &staticFunc;
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!staticFunc == function));
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!functionPointer == function));
-
-    void func()
-    {
-    }
-    auto dg = &func;
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!func == function));
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!dg == function));
-
-    interface I
-    {
-        @property int prop();
-    }
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!(I.prop) == function));
-
-    static struct S
-    {
-        void opCall()
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    class C
-    {
-        static void opCall()
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    S s;
-
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!s == function));
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!C == function));
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!S == function));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S2
-    {
-        @property int opCall()
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    S2 s2;
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!S2 == function));
-    static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!s2 == function));
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines the return type of the callable $(D_PARAM F).
  *
@@ -2339,6 +2050,61 @@ if (isCallable!F)
     static assert((functionAttributes!func1 & FunctionAttribute.return_) == 0);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Determines whether a function has attribute.
+ *
+ * This template should get at least two arguments: the function itself and the
+ * attributes it should be tested for. If more than one attribute is given,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL hasFunctionAttributes) evaluates to $(D_KEYWORD true) if all of
+ * them are present. The attributes should be $(D_PSYMBOL FunctionAttribute)
+ * members.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Args = The function and attributes.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL FunctionAttribute).
+ */
+template hasFunctionAttributes(Args...)
+if (Args.length > 1
+ && is(typeof(Args[1]) == FunctionAttribute)
+ && isCallable!(Args[0])
+ && allSameType!(Map!(TypeOf, Args[1 .. $])))
+{
+    enum uint pred(Args_...) = Args_[0] | Args_[1];
+
+    template Reduce(Args_...)
+    {
+        static if (Args_.length == 1)
+        {
+            enum uint Reduce = Args_[0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            enum uint Reduce = Reduce!(pred!(Args_[0], Args_[1]), Args_[2 .. $]);
+        }
+    }
+    enum uint field = Reduce!(0, Args[1 .. $]);
+    enum hasFunctionAttributes = (functionAttributes!(Args[0]) & field) == field;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct Range
+    {
+        @property auto front() inout
+        {
+            return 8;
+        }
+    }
+    static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(Range.init.front, FunctionAttribute.inout_));
+    static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(Range.init.front, FunctionAttribute.const_));
+    static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(Range.init.front,
+                  FunctionAttribute.inout_, FunctionAttribute.const_));
+}
+
 /**
  * Returns a tuple with default values of the parameters to $(D_PARAM F).
  *
@@ -2362,7 +2128,7 @@ if (isCallable!F)
             }
             else
             {
-                enum getDefault(T[i .. i + 1] name)
+                auto getDefault(T[i .. i + 1] name)
                 {
                     return name[0];
                 }
@@ -2550,44 +2316,6 @@ template hasElaborateAssign(T)
     }
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!int);
-
-    static struct S1
-    {
-        void opAssign(S1)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    static struct S2
-    {
-        void opAssign(int)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    static struct S3
-    {
-        S1 s;
-        alias s this;
-    }
-    static assert(hasElaborateAssign!S1);
-    static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!(const S1));
-    static assert(hasElaborateAssign!(S1[1]));
-    static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!(S1[0]));
-    static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!S2);
-    static assert(hasElaborateAssign!S3);
-
-    static struct S4
-    {
-        void opAssign(S4)
-        {
-        }
-        @disable this(this);
-    }
-    static assert(hasElaborateAssign!S4);
-}
-
 /**
  * Returns all members of $(D_KEYWORD enum) $(D_PARAM T).
  *
@@ -2613,14 +2341,23 @@ if (is(T == enum))
         }
         else
         {
-            alias getEnumMembers = AliasSeq!(__traits(getMember, T, Args[0]), getEnumMembers!(Args[1 .. $]));
+            alias getEnumMembers = AliasSeq!(__traits(getMember, T, Args[0]),
+                                             getEnumMembers!(Args[1 .. $]));
         }
     }
-    alias EnumMembers = getEnumMembers!(__traits(allMembers, T));
+    private alias allMembers = AliasSeq!(__traits(allMembers, T));
+    static if (allMembers.length == 1)
+    {
+        alias EnumMembers = AliasSeq!(__traits(getMember, T, allMembers));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias EnumMembers = getEnumMembers!allMembers;
+    }
 }
 
 ///
-pure nothrow @nogc @safe unittest
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
     enum E : int
     {
@@ -2628,7 +2365,7 @@ pure nothrow @nogc @safe unittest
         two,
         three,
     }
-    static assert([E.one, E.two, E.three] == [ EnumMembers!E ]);
+    static assert([EnumMembers!E] == [E.one, E.two, E.three]);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2671,6 +2408,58 @@ if (is(T == class))
     static assert(classInstanceAlignment!C2 == S.alignof);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns the size in bytes of the state that needs to be allocated to hold an
+ * object of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * There is a difference between the `.sizeof`-property and
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize) if $(D_PARAM T) is a class or an interface.
+ * `T.sizeof` is constant on the given architecture then and is the same as
+ * `size_t.sizeof` and `ptrdiff_t.sizeof`. This is because classes and
+ * interfaces are reference types and `.sizeof` returns the size of the
+ * reference which is the same as the size of a pointer. $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize)
+ * returns the size of the instance itself.
+ *
+ * The size of a dynamic array is `size_t.sizeof * 2` since a dynamic array
+ * stores its length and a data pointer. The size of the static arrays is
+ * calculated differently since they are value types. It is the array length
+ * multiplied by the element size.
+ *
+ * `stateSize!void` is `1` since $(D_KEYWORD void) is mostly used as a synonym
+ * for $(D_KEYWORD byte)/$(D_KEYWORD ubyte) in `void*`.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Object type.
+ *
+ * Returns: Size of an instance of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ */
+template stateSize(T)
+{
+    static if (isPolymorphicType!T)
+    {
+        enum size_t stateSize = __traits(classInstanceSize, T);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        enum size_t stateSize = T.sizeof;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(stateSize!int == 4);
+    static assert(stateSize!bool == 1);
+    static assert(stateSize!(int[]) == (size_t.sizeof * 2));
+    static assert(stateSize!(short[3]) == 6);
+
+    static struct Empty
+    {
+    }
+    static assert(stateSize!Empty == 1);
+    static assert(stateSize!void == 1);
+}
+
 /**
  * Tests whether $(D_INLINECODE pred(T)) can be used as condition in an
  * $(D_KEYWORD if)-statement or a ternary operator.
@@ -2835,6 +2624,46 @@ template hasUDA(alias symbol, alias attr)
     static assert(!hasUDA!(a, Attr2));
 }
 
+/**
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is a type, constructs its default value, otherwise
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL evalUDA) aliases itself to $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * This template is useful when working with UDAs with default parameters,
+ * i.e. if an attribute can be given as `@Attr` or `@Attr("param")`,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL evalUDA) makes `@Attr()` from `@Attr`, but returns
+ * `@Attr("param")` as is.
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM T) (or its type if it isn't a type already) should have a default
+ * constructor.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = User Defined Attribute.
+ */
+alias evalUDA(alias T) = T;
+
+/// ditto
+alias evalUDA(T) = Alias!(T());
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct Length
+    {
+        size_t length = 8;
+    }
+    @Length @Length(0) int i;
+    alias uda = AliasSeq!(__traits(getAttributes, i));
+
+    alias attr1 = evalUDA!(uda[0]);
+    alias attr2 = evalUDA!(uda[1]);
+
+    static assert(is(typeof(attr1) == Length));
+    static assert(is(typeof(attr2) == Length));
+
+    static assert(attr1.length == 8);
+    static assert(attr2.length == 0);
+}
+
 /**
  * Tests whether $(D_PARAM T) is an inner class, i.e. a class nested inside
  * another class.
@@ -2883,14 +2712,6 @@ template isInnerClass(T)
     static assert(!isInnerClass!(O.Fake));
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    class RefCountedStore(T)
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(!isInnerClass!(RefCountedStore!int));
-}
-
 /**
  * Returns the types of all members of $(D_PARAM T).
  *
@@ -3018,28 +2839,3 @@ enum bool isOrderingComparable(T) = ifTestable!(T, a => a > a);
 {
     static assert(isOrderingComparable!int);
 }
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct DisabledOpEquals
-    {
-        @disable bool opEquals(typeof(this)) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-
-        int opCmp(typeof(this)) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(!isEqualityComparable!DisabledOpEquals);
-    static assert(isOrderingComparable!DisabledOpEquals);
-
-    static struct OpEquals
-    {
-        bool opEquals(typeof(this)) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(isEqualityComparable!OpEquals);
-    static assert(!isOrderingComparable!OpEquals);
-}

meta/tanya/meta/transform.d

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Type transformations.
+ *
+ * Templates in this module can be used to modify type qualifiers or transform
+ * types. They take some type as argument and return a different type after
+ * perfoming the specified transformation.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/transform.d,
+ *                 tanya/meta/transform.d)
+ */
+module tanya.meta.transform;
+
+import tanya.meta.metafunction;
+import tanya.meta.trait;
+
+/**
+ * Removes any type qualifiers from $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Removed qualifiers are:
+ * $(UL
+ *  $(LI const)
+ *  $(LI immutable)
+ *  $(LI inout)
+ *  $(LI shared)
+ * )
+ * and combinations of these.
+ *
+ * If the type $(D_PARAM T) doesn't have any qualifieres,
+ * $(D_INLINECODE Unqual!T) becomes an alias for $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM T) without any type qualifiers.
+ */
+template Unqual(T)
+{
+    static if (is(T U == shared const U)
+            || is(T U == shared inout U)
+            || is(T U == shared inout const U)
+            || is(T U == inout const U)
+            || is(T U == const U)
+            || is(T U == immutable U)
+            || is(T U == inout U)
+            || is(T U == shared U))
+    {
+        alias Unqual = U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias Unqual = T;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(Unqual!bool == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(immutable bool) == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(inout bool) == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(inout const bool) == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared bool) == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared const bool) == bool));
+    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared inout const bool) == bool));
+}
+
+/**
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is an $(D_KEYWORD enum), $(D_INLINECODE OriginalType!T)
+ * evaluates to the most base type of that $(D_KEYWORD enum) and to
+ * $(D_PARAM T) otherwise.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: Base type of the $(D_KEYWORD enum) $(D_PARAM T) or $(D_PARAM T)
+ *          itself.
+ */
+template OriginalType(T)
+{
+    static if (is(T U == enum))
+    {
+        alias OriginalType = OriginalType!U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias OriginalType = T;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    enum E1 : const(int)
+    {
+        n = 0,
+    }
+    enum E2 : bool
+    {
+        t = true,
+    }
+    enum E3 : E2
+    {
+        t = E2.t,
+    }
+    enum E4 : const(E2)
+    {
+        t = E2.t,
+    }
+
+    static assert(is(OriginalType!E1 == const int));
+    static assert(is(OriginalType!E2 == bool));
+    static assert(is(OriginalType!E3 == bool));
+    static assert(is(OriginalType!E4 == bool));
+    static assert(is(OriginalType!(const E4) == bool));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copies constness of $(D_PARAM From) to $(D_PARAM To).
+ *
+ * The following type qualifiers affect the constness and hence are copied:
+ * $(UL
+ *  $(LI const)
+ *  $(LI immutable)
+ *  $(LI inout)
+ *  $(LI inout const)
+ * )
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  From = Source type.
+ *  To   = Target type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM To) with the constness of $(D_PARAM From).
+ */
+template CopyConstness(From, To)
+{
+    static if (is(From T == immutable T))
+    {
+        alias CopyConstness = immutable To;
+    }
+    else static if (is(From T == const T) || is(From T == shared const T))
+    {
+        alias CopyConstness = const To;
+    }
+    else static if (is(From T == inout T) || is(From T == shared inout T))
+    {
+        alias CopyConstness = inout To;
+    }
+    else static if (is(From T == inout const T)
+                 || is(From T == shared inout const T))
+    {
+        alias CopyConstness = inout const To;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias CopyConstness = To;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(int, char) == char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, char) == const char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(immutable int, char) == immutable char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout int, char) == inout char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout const int, char) == inout const char));
+
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared int, char) == char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared const int, char) == const char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout int, char) == inout char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout const int, char) == inout const char));
+
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, shared char) == shared const char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, immutable char) == immutable char));
+    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(immutable int, const char) == immutable char));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the target type `U` of a pointer `U*`.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Pointer type.
+ *
+ * Returns: Pointer target type.
+ */
+template PointerTarget(T)
+{
+    static if (is(T U : U*))
+    {
+        alias PointerTarget = U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static assert(T.stringof ~ " isn't a pointer type");
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(bool*) == bool));
+    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(const bool*) == const bool));
+    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(const shared bool*) == const shared bool));
+    static assert(!is(PointerTarget!bool));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Params:
+ *  T = The type of the associative array.
+ *
+ * Returns: The key type of the associative array $(D_PARAM T).
+ */
+template KeyType(T)
+{
+    static if (is(T V : V[K], K))
+    {
+        alias KeyType = K;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " isn't an associative array");
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(KeyType!(int[string]) == string));
+    static assert(!is(KeyType!(int[15])));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Params:
+ *  T = The type of the associative array.
+ *
+ * Returns: The value type of the associative array $(D_PARAM T).
+ */
+template ValueType(T)
+{
+    static if (is(T V : V[K], K))
+    {
+        alias ValueType = V;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " isn't an associative array");
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(ValueType!(int[string]) == int));
+    static assert(!is(ValueType!(int[15])));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
+ */
+alias InoutOf(T) = inout(T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(InoutOf!int == inout int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
+ */
+alias ConstOf(T) = const(T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(ConstOf!int == const int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
+ */
+alias SharedOf(T) = shared(T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(SharedOf!int == shared int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
+ */
+alias SharedInoutOf(T) = shared(inout T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(SharedInoutOf!int == shared inout int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD shared const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE shared(const T)).
+ */
+alias SharedConstOf(T) = shared(const T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(SharedConstOf!int == shared const int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD immutable) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE immutable(T)).
+ */
+alias ImmutableOf(T) = immutable(T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(ImmutableOf!int == immutable int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(const T)).
+ */
+alias InoutConstOf(T) = inout(const T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(InoutConstOf!int == inout const int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds $(D_KEYWORD shared inout const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = A type.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE shared(inout const T)).
+ */
+alias SharedInoutConstOf(T) = shared(inout const T);
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(SharedInoutConstOf!int == shared inout const int));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines the type of $(D_PARAM T). If $(D_PARAM T) is already a type,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf) aliases itself to $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf) evaluates to $(D_KEYWORD void) for template arguments.
+ *
+ * The symbols that don't have a type and aren't types cannot be used as
+ * arguments to $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Expression, type or template.
+ *
+ * Returns: The type of $(D_PARAM T).
+ */
+alias TypeOf(T) = T;
+
+/// ditto
+template TypeOf(alias T)
+if (isExpressions!T || __traits(isTemplate, T))
+{
+    alias TypeOf = typeof(T);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    struct S(T)
+    {
+    }
+    static assert(is(TypeOf!S == void));
+    static assert(is(TypeOf!int == int));
+    static assert(is(TypeOf!true == bool));
+    static assert(!is(TypeOf!(tanya.meta)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the type with the smallest size in the $(D_PARAM Args) list. If
+ * several types have the same type, the leftmost is returned.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Args = Type list.
+ *
+ * Returns: The smallest type.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL Largest).
+ */
+template Smallest(Args...)
+if (Args.length >= 1)
+{
+    static assert(is(Args[0]), T.stringof ~ " doesn't have .sizeof property");
+
+    static if (Args.length == 1)
+    {
+        alias Smallest = Args[0];
+    }
+    else static if (Smallest!(Args[1 .. $]).sizeof < Args[0].sizeof)
+    {
+        alias Smallest = Smallest!(Args[1 .. $]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias Smallest = Args[0];
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(Smallest!(int, ushort, uint, short) == ushort));
+    static assert(is(Smallest!(short) == short));
+    static assert(is(Smallest!(ubyte[8], ubyte[5]) == ubyte[5]));
+    static assert(!is(Smallest!(short, 5)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the type with the largest size in the $(D_PARAM Args) list. If several
+ * types have the same type, the leftmost is returned.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Args = Type list.
+ *
+ * Returns: The largest type.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL Smallest).
+ */
+template Largest(Args...)
+if (Args.length >= 1)
+{
+    static assert(is(Args[0]), T.stringof ~ " doesn't have .sizeof property");
+
+    static if (Args.length == 1)
+    {
+        alias Largest = Args[0];
+    }
+    else static if (Largest!(Args[1 .. $]).sizeof > Args[0].sizeof)
+    {
+        alias Largest = Largest!(Args[1 .. $]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias Largest = Args[0];
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(Largest!(int, short, uint) == int));
+    static assert(is(Largest!(short) == short));
+    static assert(is(Largest!(ubyte[8], ubyte[5]) == ubyte[8]));
+    static assert(!is(Largest!(short, 5)));
+}

middle/dub.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+	"name": "middle",
+	"description": "Runtime, middle-level utilities",
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"dependencies": {
+		"tanya:meta": "*",
+		"tanya:os": "*"
+	},
+
+	"dependencies-linux": {
+		"mir-linux-kernel": "~>1.0.0"
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"dflags-dmd": ["-dip1000"]
+}

middle/tanya/memory/allocator.d

@@ -3,23 +3,85 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Dynamic memory management.
+ * This module contains the interface for implementing custom allocators.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Allocators are classes encapsulating memory allocation strategy. This allows
+ * to decouple memory management from the algorithms and the data. 
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/allocator.d,
- *                 tanya/memory/package.d)
+ *                 tanya/memory/allocator.d)
  */
-module tanya.memory;
+module tanya.memory.allocator;
 
-import std.algorithm.mutation : uninitializedFill;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
-import tanya.conv;
-import tanya.exception;
-public import tanya.memory.allocator;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract class implementing a basic allocator.
+ */
+interface Allocator
+{
+    /**
+     * Returns: Alignment offered.
+     */
+    @property uint alignment() const shared pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Allocates $(D_PARAM size) bytes of memory.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  size = Amount of memory to allocate.
+     *
+     * Returns: Pointer to the new allocated memory.
+     */
+    void[] allocate(size_t size) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Deallocates a memory block.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p = A pointer to the memory block to be freed.
+     *
+     * Returns: Whether the deallocation was successful.
+     */
+    bool deallocate(void[] p) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Increases or decreases the size of a memory block.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
+     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
+     *
+     * Returns: Pointer to the allocated memory.
+     */
+    bool reallocate(ref void[] p, size_t size) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Reallocates a memory block in place if possible or returns
+     * $(D_KEYWORD false). This function cannot be used to allocate or
+     * deallocate memory, so if $(D_PARAM p) is $(D_KEYWORD null) or
+     * $(D_PARAM size) is `0`, it should return $(D_KEYWORD false).
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
+     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
+     *
+     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if successful, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
+     */
+    bool reallocateInPlace(ref void[] p, size_t size)
+    shared pure nothrow @nogc;
+}
+
+package template GetPureInstance(T : Allocator)
+{
+    alias GetPureInstance = shared(T) function()
+                            pure nothrow @nogc;
+}
 
 /**
  * The mixin generates common methods for classes and structs using
@@ -86,10 +148,6 @@ mixin template DefaultAllocator()
     }
 }
 
-// From druntime
-extern (C)
-private void _d_monitordelete(Object h, bool det) @nogc nothrow pure;
-
 shared Allocator allocator;
 
 private shared(Allocator) getAllocatorInstance() @nogc nothrow
@@ -98,12 +156,12 @@ private shared(Allocator) getAllocatorInstance() @nogc nothrow
     {
         version (TanyaNative)
         {
-            import tanya.memory.mmappool;
+            import tanya.memory.mmappool : MmapPool;
             defaultAllocator = MmapPool.instance;
         }
         else
         {
-            import tanya.memory.mallocator;
+            import tanya.memory.mallocator : Mallocator;
             defaultAllocator = Mallocator.instance;
         }
     }
@@ -143,58 +201,6 @@ do
     .allocator = allocator;
 }
 
-/**
- * Returns the size in bytes of the state that needs to be allocated to hold an
- * object of type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * There is a difference between the `.sizeof`-property and
- * $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize) if $(D_PARAM T) is a class or an interface.
- * `T.sizeof` is constant on the given architecture then and is the same as
- * `size_t.sizeof` and `ptrdiff_t.sizeof`. This is because classes and
- * interfaces are reference types and `.sizeof` returns the size of the
- * reference which is the same as the size of a pointer. $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize)
- * returns the size of the instance itself.
- *
- * The size of a dynamic array is `size_t.sizeof * 2` since a dynamic array
- * stores its length and a data pointer. The size of the static arrays is
- * calculated differently since they are value types. It is the array length
- * multiplied by the element size.
- *
- * `stateSize!void` is `1` since $(D_KEYWORD void) is mostly used as a synonym
- * for $(D_KEYWORD byte)/$(D_KEYWORD ubyte) in `void*`.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Object type.
- *
- * Returns: Size of an instance of type $(D_PARAM T).
- */
-template stateSize(T)
-{
-    static if (isPolymorphicType!T)
-    {
-        enum size_t stateSize = __traits(classInstanceSize, T);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        enum size_t stateSize = T.sizeof;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(stateSize!int == 4);
-    static assert(stateSize!bool == 1);
-    static assert(stateSize!(int[]) == (size_t.sizeof * 2));
-    static assert(stateSize!(short[3]) == 6);
-
-    static struct Empty
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(stateSize!Empty == 1);
-    static assert(stateSize!void == 1);
-}
-
 /**
  * Params:
  *  size      = Raw size.
@@ -208,70 +214,185 @@ pure nothrow @safe @nogc
     return (size - 1) / alignment * alignment + alignment;
 }
 
-/*
+/**
- * Internal function used to create, resize or destroy a dynamic array. It
+ * Error thrown if memory allocation fails.
- * may throw $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError). The new
+ */
- * allocated part of the array isn't initialized. This function can be trusted
+final class OutOfMemoryError : Error
- * only in the data structures that can ensure that the array is
+{
- * allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the same allocator.
+    /**
+     * Constructs new error.
      *
      * Params:
- *  T         = Element type of the array being created.
+     *  msg  = The message for the exception.
- *  allocator = The allocator used for getting memory.
+     *  file = The file where the exception occurred.
- *  array     = A reference to the array being changed.
+     *  line = The line number where the exception occurred.
- *  length    = New array length.
+     *  next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM array).
      */
-package(tanya) T[] resize(T)(shared Allocator allocator,
+    this(string msg = "Out of memory",
-                             auto ref T[] array,
+         string file = __FILE__,
-                             const size_t length) @trusted
+         size_t line = __LINE__,
+         Throwable next = null) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        super(msg, file, line, next);
+    }
+
+    /// ditto
+    this(string msg,
+         Throwable next,
+         string file = __FILE__,
+         size_t line = __LINE__) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        super(msg, file, line, next);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
+ * allocator.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
+ *  allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
+ *  p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
+ */
+void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
 {
-    if (length == 0)
+    () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(finalize(p)); }();
+    p = null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new class instance of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
+ * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Class type.
+ *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+ */
+T make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+if (is(T == class))
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+do
+{
+    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
+    if (mem is null)
     {
-        if (allocator.deallocate(array))
+        onOutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+    scope (failure)
     {
-            return null;
+        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
+    }
+
+    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a value object of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
+ * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T) and returns a
+ * pointer to the new object.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Object type.
+ *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Returns: Pointer to the created object.
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+ */
+T* make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+if (!isPolymorphicType!T && !isAssociativeArray!T && !isArray!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+do
+{
+    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
+    if (mem is null)
+    {
+        onOutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+    scope (failure)
+    {
+        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
+    }
+    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int* i = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
+    assert(*i == 5);
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM n) elements.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  n         = Array size.
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created array.
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
+ *                           && n <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
+ */
+T make(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t n)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+    assert(n <= size_t.max / E.sizeof);
+}
+do
+{
+    auto ret = allocator.resize!E(null, n);
+
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!E)
+    {
+        for (auto range = ret; range.length != 0; range = range[1 .. $])
+        {
+            emplace!E(cast(void[]) range[0 .. 1], E.init);
+        }
     }
     else
     {
-            onOutOfMemoryError();
+        ret[] = E.init;
-        }
     }
 
-    void[] buf = array;
+    return ret;
-    if (!allocator.reallocate(buf, length * T.sizeof))
-    {
-        onOutOfMemoryError();
-    }
-    // Casting from void[] is unsafe, but we know we cast to the original type.
-    array = cast(T[]) buf;
-
-    return array;
 }
 
+///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    int[] p;
+    int[] i = defaultAllocator.make!(int[])(2);
-
+    assert(i.length == 2);
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 20);
+    assert(i[0] == int.init && i[1] == int.init);
-    assert(p.length == 20);
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 30);
-    assert(p.length == 30);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 10);
-    assert(p.length == 10);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 0);
-    assert(p is null);
 }
 
 /*
  * Destroys the object.
  * Returns the memory should be freed.
  */
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
+package void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
 {
     if (p is null)
     {
@@ -284,7 +405,7 @@ package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
     return (cast(void*) p)[0 .. T.sizeof];
 }
 
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T p)
+package void[] finalize(T)(ref T p)
 if (isPolymorphicType!T)
 {
     if (p is null)
@@ -339,176 +460,70 @@ if (isPolymorphicType!T)
     return support;
 }
 
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T[] p)
+package void[] finalize(T)(ref T[] p)
 {
-    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!(typeof(p[0])))
+    destroyAllImpl!(T[], T)(p);
-    {
-        foreach (ref e; p)
-        {
-            destroy(e);
-        }
-    }
     return p;
 }
 
 /**
- * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ * Allocates $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) in a static storage and throws it.
- * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
- * allocator.
  *
  * Params:
- *  T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
+ *  msg = Custom error message.
- *  allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
+ *
- *  p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
+ * Throws: $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError).
  */
-void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
+void onOutOfMemoryError(string msg = "Out of memory")
+@nogc nothrow pure @trusted
 {
-    () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(finalize(p)); }();
+    static ubyte[stateSize!OutOfMemoryError] memory;
-    p = null;
+    alias PureType = OutOfMemoryError function(string) @nogc nothrow pure;
+    throw (cast(PureType) () => emplace!OutOfMemoryError(memory))(msg);
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+// From druntime
-{
+extern (C)
-    static struct S
+private void _d_monitordelete(Object h, bool det) @nogc nothrow pure;
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    auto p = cast(S[]) defaultAllocator.allocate(S.sizeof);
 
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(p);
+/*
-}
+ * Internal function used to create, resize or destroy a dynamic array. It
-
+ * may throw $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError). The new
-// Works with interfaces.
+ * allocated part of the array isn't initialized. This function can be trusted
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+ * only in the data structures that can ensure that the array is
-{
+ * allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the same allocator.
-    interface I
-    {
-    }
-    class C : I
-    {
-    }
-    auto c = defaultAllocator.make!C();
-    I i = c;
-
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new class instance of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
- * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
  *
  * Params:
- *  T         = Class type.
+ *  T         = Element type of the array being created.
- *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = The allocator used for getting memory.
- *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  array     = A reference to the array being changed.
- *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  length    = New array length.
  *
- * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL T).
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM array).
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
  */
-T make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+package(tanya) T[] resize(T)(shared Allocator allocator,
-if (is(T == class))
+                             auto ref T[] array,
-in
+                             const size_t length) @trusted
 {
-    assert(allocator !is null);
+    if (length == 0)
-}
+    {
-do
+        if (allocator.deallocate(array))
-{
+        {
-    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
+            return null;
-    if (mem is null)
+        }
+        else
         {
             onOutOfMemoryError();
         }
-    scope (failure)
-    {
-        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
     }
 
-    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
+    void[] buf = array;
-}
+    if (!allocator.reallocate(buf, length * T.sizeof))
-
-/**
- * Constructs a value object of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
- * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T) and returns a
- * pointer to the new object.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Object type.
- *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
- *  allocator = Allocator.
- *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Returns: Pointer to the created object.
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
- */
-T* make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
-if (!is(T == interface)
- && !is(T == class)
- && !isAssociativeArray!T
- && !isArray!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-}
-do
-{
-    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
-    if (mem is null)
     {
         onOutOfMemoryError();
     }
-    scope (failure)
+    // Casting from void[] is unsafe, but we know we cast to the original type.
-    {
+    array = cast(T[]) buf;
-        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
-    }
-    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
-}
 
-///
+    return array;
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int* i = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
-    assert(*i == 5);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM n) elements.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Array type.
- *  allocator = Allocator.
- *  n         = Array size.
- *
- * Returns: Newly created array.
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && n <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
- */
-T make(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t n)
-if (isArray!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-    assert(n <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
-}
-do
-{
-    auto ret = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, n);
-    ret.uninitializedFill(ElementType!T.init);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int[] i = defaultAllocator.make!(int[])(2);
-    assert(i.length == 2);
-    assert(i[0] == int.init && i[1] == int.init);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
 }

middle/tanya/memory/lifetime.d

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Lifetime management functions, types and related exceptions.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2019-2020.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/lifetime.d,
+ *                 tanya/memory/lifetime.d)
+ */
+module tanya.memory.lifetime;
+
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.meta.metafunction;
+import tanya.meta.trait;
+
+package(tanya) void destroyAllImpl(R, E)(R p)
+{
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!E)
+    {
+        foreach (ref e; p)
+        {
+            destroy(e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new object of type $(D_PARAM T) in $(D_PARAM memory) with the
+ * given arguments.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is a $(D_KEYWORD class), emplace returns a class reference
+ * of type $(D_PARAM T), otherwise a pointer to the constructed object is
+ * returned.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class inside another class, $(D_PARAM outer)
+ * should be an instance of the outer class.
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM args) are arguments for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T). If
+ * $(D_PARAM T) isn't an aggregate type and doesn't have a constructor,
+ * $(D_PARAM memory) can be initialized to `args[0]` if `Args.length == 1`,
+ * `Args[0]` should be implicitly convertible to $(D_PARAM T) then.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T     = Constructed type.
+ *  U     = Type of the outer class if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
+ *  Args  = Types of the constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor
+ *          or the type of the initial value.
+ *  outer = Outer class instance if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
+ *  args  = Constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor or the
+ *          initial value.
+ *
+ * Returns: New instance of type $(D_PARAM T) constructed in $(D_PARAM memory).
+ *
+ * Precondition: `memory.length == stateSize!T`.
+ * Postcondition: $(D_PARAM memory) and the result point to the same memory.
+ */
+T emplace(T, U, Args...)(void[] memory, U outer, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isAbstractClass!T && isInnerClass!T && is(typeof(T.outer) == U))
+in
+{
+    assert(memory.length >= stateSize!T);
+}
+out (result)
+{
+    assert(memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)());
+}
+do
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
+
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
+    result.outer = outer;
+
+    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (is(T == class) && !isAbstractClass!T && !isInnerClass!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(memory.length == stateSize!T);
+}
+out (result)
+{
+    assert(memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)());
+}
+do
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
+
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
+    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    class C
+    {
+        int i = 5;
+        class Inner
+        {
+            int i;
+
+            this(int param) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+            {
+                this.i = param;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ubyte[stateSize!C] memory1;
+    ubyte[stateSize!(C.Inner)] memory2;
+
+    auto c = emplace!C(memory1);
+    assert(c.i == 5);
+
+    auto inner = emplace!(C.Inner)(memory2, c, 8);
+    assert(c.i == 5);
+    assert(inner.i == 8);
+    assert(inner.outer is c);
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isAggregateType!T && (Args.length <= 1))
+in
+{
+    assert(memory.length >= T.sizeof);
+}
+out (result)
+{
+    assert(memory.ptr is result);
+}
+do
+{
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
+    static if (Args.length == 1)
+    {
+        *result = T(args[0]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *result = T.init;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+private void initializeOne(T)(ref void[] memory, ref T* result) @trusted
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy, fill;
+
+    static if (!hasElaborateAssign!T && isAssignable!T)
+    {
+        *result = T.init;
+    }
+    else static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083 // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
+        && __traits(isZeroInit, T))
+    {
+        memory.ptr[0 .. T.sizeof].fill!0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static immutable T init = T.init;
+        copy((&init)[0 .. 1], memory);
+    }
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isPolymorphicType!T && isAggregateType!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(memory.length >= T.sizeof);
+}
+out (result)
+{
+    assert(memory.ptr is result);
+}
+do
+{
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
+
+    static if (Args.length == 0)
+    {
+        static assert(is(typeof({ static T t; })),
+                      "Default constructor is disabled");
+        initializeOne(memory, result);
+    }
+    else static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        initializeOne(memory, result);
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+    else static if (Args.length == 1 && is(typeof({ T t = args[0]; })))
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+        ((ref arg) @trusted =>
+            copy((cast(void*) &arg)[0 .. T.sizeof], memory))(args[0]);
+        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T)
+        {
+            result.__postblit();
+        }
+    }
+    else static if (is(typeof({ T t = T(args); })))
+    {
+        auto init = T(args);
+        (() @trusted => moveEmplace(init, *result))();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static assert(false,
+                      "Unable to construct value with the given arguments");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    ubyte[4] memory;
+
+    auto i = emplace!int(memory);
+    static assert(is(typeof(i) == int*));
+    assert(*i == 0);
+
+    i = emplace!int(memory, 5);
+    assert(*i == 5);
+
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int i;
+        @disable this();
+        @disable this(this);
+        this(int i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+    }
+    auto s = emplace!S(memory, 8);
+    static assert(is(typeof(s) == S*));
+    assert(s.i == 8);
+}
+
+private void deinitialize(bool zero, T)(ref T value)
+{
+    static if (is(T == U[S], U, size_t S))
+    {
+        foreach (ref e; value)
+        {
+            deinitialize!zero(e);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy, fill;
+
+        static if (isNested!T)
+        {
+            // Don't override the context pointer.
+            enum size_t size = T.sizeof - (void*).sizeof;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            enum size_t size = T.sizeof;
+        }
+        static if (zero)
+        {
+            fill!0((cast(void*) &value)[0 .. size]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            copy(typeid(T).initializer()[0 .. size], (&value)[0 .. 1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
+ * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
+ *
+ * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
+ * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
+ * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
+ * accessing it yields an unspecified value. No postblits or destructors are
+ * called. If the $(D_PARAM target) should be destroyed before, use
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL move).
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) must be different objects.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T      = Object type.
+ *  source = Source object.
+ *  target = Target object.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL move),
+ *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateCopyConstructor),
+ *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateDestructor).
+ *
+ * Precondition: `&source !is &target`.
+ */
+void moveEmplace(T)(ref T source, ref T target) @system
+in
+{
+    assert(&source !is &target, "Source and target must be different");
+}
+do
+{
+    static if (is(T == struct) || isStaticArray!T)
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+        copy((&source)[0 .. 1], (&target)[0 .. 1]);
+
+        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+        {
+            static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083) // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
+            {
+                deinitialize!(__traits(isZeroInit, T))(source);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (typeid(T).initializer().ptr is null)
+                {
+                    deinitialize!true(source);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    deinitialize!false(source);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        target = source;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int member = 5;
+
+        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    S source, target = void;
+    moveEmplace(source, target);
+    assert(target.member == 5);
+
+    int x1 = 5, x2;
+    moveEmplace(x1, x2);
+    assert(x2 == 5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
+ * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
+ *
+ * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
+ * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
+ * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
+ * accessing it yields an unspecified value. $(D_PARAM target) is destroyed before
+ * the new value is assigned. If $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized and
+ * therefore shouldn't be destroyed, $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace) can be used.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM target) isn't specified, $(D_PSYMBOL move) returns the source
+ * as rvalue without calling its copy constructor or destructor.
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) are the same object,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL move) does nothing.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T      = Object type.
+ *  source = Source object.
+ *  target = Target object.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace).
+ */
+void move(T)(ref T source, ref T target)
+{
+    if ((() @trusted => &source is &target)())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+    {
+        target.__xdtor();
+    }
+    (() @trusted => moveEmplace(source, target))();
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T move(T)(ref T source) @trusted
+{
+    static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+    {
+        T target = void;
+        moveEmplace(source, target);
+        return target;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return source;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int member = 5;
+
+        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    S source, target = void;
+    move(source, target);
+    assert(target.member == 5);
+    assert(move(target).member == 5);
+
+    int x1 = 5, x2;
+    move(x1, x2);
+    assert(x2 == 5);
+    assert(move(x2) == 5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b).
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL swap) moves the contents of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b)
+ * without calling its postblits or destructors.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  a = The first object.
+ *  b = The second object.
+ */
+void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) @trusted
+{
+    T tmp = void;
+    moveEmplace(a, tmp);
+    moveEmplace(b, a);
+    moveEmplace(tmp, b);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int a = 3, b = 5;
+    swap(a, b);
+    assert(a == 5);
+    assert(b == 3);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Forwards its argument list preserving $(D_KEYWORD ref) and $(D_KEYWORD out)
+ * storage classes.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL forward) accepts a list of variables or literals. It returns an
+ * argument list of the same length that can be for example passed to a
+ * function accepting the arguments of this type.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  args = Argument list.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM args) with their original storage classes.
+ */
+template forward(args...)
+{
+    static if (args.length == 0)
+    {
+        alias forward = AliasSeq!();
+    }
+    else static if (__traits(isRef, args[0]) || __traits(isOut, args[0]))
+    {
+        static if (args.length == 1)
+        {
+            alias forward = args[0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            alias forward = AliasSeq!(args[0], forward!(args[1 .. $]));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @property auto forwardOne()
+        {
+            return move(args[0]);
+        }
+        static if (args.length == 1)
+        {
+            alias forward = forwardOne;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            alias forward = AliasSeq!(forwardOne, forward!(args[1 .. $]));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof((int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
+    static assert(is(typeof((ref int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
+    static assert(is(typeof({
+        void f(int i, ref int j, out int k)
+        {
+            f(forward!(i, j, k));
+        }
+    })));
+}

middle/tanya/memory/mallocator.d

@@ -3,22 +3,18 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Allocator based on $(D_PSYMBOL malloc), $(D_PSYMBOL realloc) and $(D_PSYMBOL free).
+ * Allocator based on $(D_PSYMBOL malloc), $(D_PSYMBOL realloc) and
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL free).
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/mallocator.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/mallocator.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/mallocator.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.mallocator;
 
-version (TanyaNative)
-{
-}
-else:
-
 import core.stdc.stdlib;
 import tanya.memory.allocator;
 
@@ -171,16 +167,6 @@ final class Mallocator : Allocator
         assert(p is null);
     }
 
-    // Fails with false
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        void[] p = Mallocator.instance.allocate(20);
-        void[] oldP = p;
-        assert(!Mallocator.instance.reallocate(p, size_t.max - Mallocator.psize * 2));
-        assert(oldP is p);
-        Mallocator.instance.deallocate(p);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Returns: The alignment offered.
      */
@@ -189,11 +175,6 @@ final class Mallocator : Allocator
         return (void*).alignof;
     }
 
-    private nothrow @nogc unittest
-    {
-        assert(Mallocator.instance.alignment == (void*).alignof);
-    }
-
     static private shared(Mallocator) instantiate() @nogc nothrow @system
     {
         if (instance_ is null)

middle/tanya/memory/mmappool.d

@@ -5,41 +5,43 @@
 /*
  * Native allocator.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/mmappool.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/mmappool.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/mmappool.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.mmappool;
 
-version (TanyaNative):
+import core.sys.linux.sys.mman;
-
-import mir.linux._asm.unistd;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 import tanya.memory.allocator;
 import tanya.memory.op;
 import tanya.os.error;
-import tanya.sys.linux.syscall;
-import tanya.sys.posix.mman;
 
-private void* mapMemory(const size_t length) @nogc nothrow pure @system
+version (Windows)
 {
-    auto p = syscall_(0,
+    import core.sys.windows.basetsd : SIZE_T;
-                      length,
+    import core.sys.windows.windef : BOOL, DWORD;
-                      PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+    import core.sys.windows.winnt : MEM_COMMIT, MEM_RELEASE, PAGE_READWRITE, PVOID;
-                      MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
+
-                      -1,
+    extern (Windows)
-                      0,
+    private PVOID VirtualAlloc(PVOID, SIZE_T, DWORD, DWORD)
-                      NR_mmap);
+    @nogc nothrow pure @system;
-    return p == -ErrorCode.noMemory ? null : cast(void*) p;
+
+    extern (Windows)
+    private BOOL VirtualFree(shared PVOID, SIZE_T, DWORD)
+    @nogc nothrow pure @system;
 }
-
+else
-private bool unmapMemory(shared void* addr, const size_t length)
-@nogc nothrow pure @system
 {
-    return syscall_(cast(ptrdiff_t) addr, length, NR_munmap) == 0;
+    extern(C) pragma(mangle, "mmap")
+    private void* mapMemory(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+    @nogc nothrow pure @system;
+
+    extern(C) pragma(mangle, "munmap")
+    private bool unmapMemory(shared void* addr, size_t length)
+    @nogc nothrow pure @system;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -115,33 +117,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return data is null ? null : data[0 .. size];
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        auto p = MmapPool.instance.allocate(20);
-        assert(p);
-        MmapPool.instance.deallocate(p);
-
-        p = MmapPool.instance.allocate(0);
-        assert(p.length == 0);
-    }
-
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        // allocate() check.
-        size_t tooMuchMemory = size_t.max
-                             - MmapPool.alignment_
-                             - BlockEntry.sizeof * 2
-                             - RegionEntry.sizeof
-                             - pageSize;
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(tooMuchMemory) is null);
-
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(size_t.max) is null);
-
-        // initializeRegion() check.
-        tooMuchMemory = size_t.max - MmapPool.alignment_;
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(tooMuchMemory) is null);
-    }
-
     /*
      * Search for a block large enough to keep $(D_PARAM size) and split it
      * into two blocks if the block is too large.
@@ -234,7 +209,10 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
             {
                 block.region.next.prev = block.region.prev;
             }
-            return unmapMemory(block.region, block.region.size);
+            version (Windows)
+                return VirtualFree(block.region, 0, MEM_RELEASE) != 0;
+            else
+                return unmapMemory(block.region, block.region.size) == 0;
         }
         // Merge blocks if neigbours are free.
         if (block.next !is null && block.next.free)
@@ -258,13 +236,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return true;
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        auto p = MmapPool.instance.allocate(20);
-
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.deallocate(p));
-    }
-
     /*
      * Reallocates a memory block in place if possible or returns
      * $(D_KEYWORD false). This function cannot be used to allocate or
@@ -341,30 +312,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return true;
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        void[] p;
-        assert(!MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 5));
-        assert(p is null);
-
-        p = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-        auto orig = p.ptr;
-
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 2));
-        assert(p.length == 2);
-        assert(p.ptr == orig);
-
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 4));
-        assert(p.length == 4);
-        assert(p.ptr == orig);
-
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 2));
-        assert(p.length == 2);
-        assert(p.ptr == orig);
-
-        MmapPool.instance.deallocate(p);
-    }
-
     /*
      * Increases or decreases the size of a memory block.
      *
@@ -399,7 +346,7 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         }
         if (p !is null)
         {
-            copy(p[0 .. min(p.length, size)], reallocP);
+            copy(p[0 .. p.length < size ? p.length : size], reallocP);
             deallocate(p);
         }
         p = reallocP;
@@ -407,34 +354,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return true;
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        void[] p;
-        MmapPool.instance.reallocate(p, 10 * int.sizeof);
-        (cast(int[]) p)[7] = 123;
-
-        assert(p.length == 40);
-
-        MmapPool.instance.reallocate(p, 8 * int.sizeof);
-
-        assert(p.length == 32);
-        assert((cast(int[]) p)[7] == 123);
-
-        MmapPool.instance.reallocate(p, 20 * int.sizeof);
-        (cast(int[]) p)[15] = 8;
-
-        assert(p.length == 80);
-        assert((cast(int[]) p)[15] == 8);
-        assert((cast(int[]) p)[7] == 123);
-
-        MmapPool.instance.reallocate(p, 8 * int.sizeof);
-
-        assert(p.length == 32);
-        assert((cast(int[]) p)[7] == 123);
-
-        MmapPool.instance.deallocate(p);
-    }
-
     static private shared(MmapPool) instantiate() @nogc nothrow @system
     {
         if (instance_ is null)
@@ -464,11 +383,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return (cast(GetPureInstance!MmapPool) &instantiate)();
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        assert(instance is instance);
-    }
-
     /*
      * Initializes a region for one element.
      *
@@ -486,12 +400,30 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         {
             return null;
         }
-
+        version (Windows)
-        void* p = mapMemory(regionSize);
+        {
+            void* p = VirtualAlloc(null,
+                    regionSize,
+                    MEM_COMMIT,
+                    PAGE_READWRITE);
             if (p is null)
             {
                 return null;
             }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            void* p = mapMemory(null,
+                    regionSize,
+                    PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
+                    -1,
+                    0);
+            if (cast(ptrdiff_t) p == -1)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
 
         Region region = cast(Region) p;
         region.blocks = 1;
@@ -566,11 +498,6 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         return alignment_;
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        assert(MmapPool.instance.alignment == MmapPool.alignment_);
-    }
-
     private enum uint alignment_ = 8;
 
     private shared static MmapPool instance_;
@@ -599,60 +526,19 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
     private alias Block = shared BlockEntry*;
 }
 
-// A lot of allocations/deallocations, but it is the minimum caused a
-// segmentation fault because MmapPool reallocateInPlace moves a block wrong.
 @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
 {
-    auto a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    // allocate() check.
-    auto d = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    size_t tooMuchMemory = size_t.max
-    auto b = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+        - MmapPool.alignment_
-    auto e = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+        - MmapPool.BlockEntry.sizeof * 2
-    auto c = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+        - MmapPool.RegionEntry.sizeof
-    auto f = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+        - MmapPool.pageSize;
+    assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(tooMuchMemory) is null);
 
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
+    assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(size_t.max) is null);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(b);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(c);
 
-    a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(50);
+    // initializeRegion() check.
-    MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(a, 64);
+    tooMuchMemory = size_t.max - MmapPool.alignment_;
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
+    assert(MmapPool.instance.allocate(tooMuchMemory) is null);
-
-    a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-    auto tmp1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-    auto h1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-    auto tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-
-    auto h2 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(2);
-    tmp1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h2);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h1);
-
-    h2 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(2);
-    h1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h2);
-
-    auto rep = cast(void[]) tmp2;
-    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(rep, tmp1.length);
-    tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) rep;
-
-    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(tmp1, 9);
-
-    rep = cast(void[]) tmp2;
-    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(rep, tmp1.length);
-    tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) rep;
-    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(tmp1, 17);
-
-    tmp2[$ - 1] = 0;
-
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(tmp1);
-
-    b = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
-
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h1);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(b);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(d);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(e);
-    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(f);
 }

middle/tanya/memory/op.d

@@ -5,47 +5,16 @@
 /**
  * Set of operations on memory blocks.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/op.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/op.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/op.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.op;
 
-version (TanyaNative)
+import core.stdc.string;
-{
-    extern private void fillMemory(void[], size_t) pure nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-    extern private void copyMemory(const void[], void[])
-    pure nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-    extern private void moveMemory(const void[], void[])
-    pure nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-    extern private int cmpMemory(const void[], const void[])
-    pure nothrow @system @nogc;
-}
-else
-{
-    import core.stdc.string;
-}
-
-version (TanyaNative)
-{
-    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-    {
-        ubyte[2] buffer = 1;
-        fillMemory(buffer[1 .. $], 0);
-        assert(buffer[0] == 1 && buffer[1] == 0);
-    }
-
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        assert(cmp(null, null) == 0);
-    }
-}
 
 private enum alignMask = size_t.sizeof - 1;
 
@@ -75,14 +44,7 @@ in
 }
 do
 {
-    version (TanyaNative)
-    {
-        copyMemory(source, target);
-    }
-    else
-    {
     memcpy(target.ptr, source.ptr, source.length);
-    }
 }
 
 ///
@@ -91,27 +53,7 @@ do
     ubyte[9] source = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
     ubyte[9] target;
     source.copy(target);
-    assert(cmp(source, target) == 0);
+    assert(equal(source, target));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    {
-        ubyte[0] source, target;
-        source.copy(target);
-    }
-    {
-        ubyte[1] source = [1];
-        ubyte[1] target;
-        source.copy(target);
-        assert(target[0] == 1);
-    }
-    {
-        ubyte[8] source = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8];
-        ubyte[8] target;
-        source.copy(target);
-        assert(cmp(source, target) == 0);
-    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -143,14 +85,7 @@ in
 }
 do
 {
-    version (TanyaNative)
-    {
-        fillMemory(memory, filledBytes!c);
-    }
-    else
-    {
     memset(memory.ptr, c, memory.length);
-    }
 }
 
 ///
@@ -195,14 +130,7 @@ in
 }
 do
 {
-    version (TanyaNative)
-    {
-        moveMemory(source, target);
-    }
-    else
-    {
     memmove(target.ptr, source.ptr, source.length);
-    }
 }
 
 ///
@@ -212,85 +140,7 @@ do
     ubyte[6] expected = [ 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b' ];
 
     copyBackward(mem[0 .. 4], mem[2 .. $]);
-    assert(cmp(expected, mem) == 0);
+    assert(equal(expected, mem));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    ubyte[9] r1 = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i' ];
-    ubyte[9] r2;
-
-    copyBackward(r1, r2);
-    assert(cmp(r1, r2) == 0);
-}
-
-/**
- * Compares two memory areas $(D_PARAM r1) and $(D_PARAM r2).
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL cmp) returns a positive integer if
- * $(D_INLINECODE r1.length > r2.length) or the first `n` compared bytes of
- * $(D_PARAM r1) found to be greater than the first `n` bytes of $(D_PARAM r2),
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL cmp) returns a negative integer if
- * $(D_INLINECODE r2.length > r1.length) or the first `n` compared bytes of
- * $(D_PARAM r1) found to be less than the first `n` bytes of $(D_PARAM r2),
- *
- * `0` is returned otherwise.
- *
- * Returns: Positive integer if $(D_INLINECODE r1 > r2),
- *          negative integer if $(D_INLINECODE r2 > r1),
- *          `0` if $(D_INLINECODE r1 == r2).
- */
-int cmp(const void[] r1, const void[] r2) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
-in
-{
-    assert(r1.length == 0 || r1.ptr !is null);
-    assert(r2.length == 0 || r2.ptr !is null);
-}
-do
-{
-    version (TanyaNative)
-    {
-        return cmpMemory(r1, r2);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (r1.length > r2.length)
-        {
-            return 1;
-        }
-        return r1.length < r2.length ? -1 : memcmp(r1.ptr, r2.ptr, r1.length);
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    ubyte[4] r1 = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ];
-    ubyte[3] r2 = [ 'c', 'a', 'b' ];
-
-    assert(cmp(r1[0 .. 3], r2[]) < 0);
-    assert(cmp(r2[], r1[0 .. 3]) > 0);
-
-    assert(cmp(r1, r2) > 0);
-    assert(cmp(r2, r1) < 0);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    ubyte[16] r1 = [
-        'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h',
-        'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p',
-    ];
-    ubyte[16] r2 = [
-        'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h',
-        'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p',
-    ];
-
-    assert(cmp(r1, r2) == 0);
-    assert(cmp(r1[1 .. $], r2[1 .. $]) == 0);
-    assert(cmp(r1[0 .. $ - 1], r2[0 .. $ - 1]) == 0);
-    assert(cmp(r1[0 .. 8], r2[0 .. 8]) == 0);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -362,13 +212,13 @@ do
 {
     const ubyte[9] haystack = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'b', 'g', 'h'];
 
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'a'), haystack[]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'a'), haystack[]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'b'), haystack[1 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'b'), haystack[1 .. $]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'c'), haystack[2 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'c'), haystack[2 .. $]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'd'), haystack[3 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'd'), haystack[3 .. $]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'e'), haystack[4 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'e'), haystack[4 .. $]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'f'), haystack[5 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'f'), haystack[5 .. $]));
-    assert(cmp(find(haystack, 'h'), haystack[8 .. $]) == 0);
+    assert(equal(find(haystack, 'h'), haystack[8 .. $]));
     assert(find(haystack, 'i').length == 0);
 
     assert(find(null, 'a').length == 0);
@@ -441,10 +291,40 @@ do
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    assert(cmp(findNullTerminated("abcdef\0gh"), "abcdef") == 0);
+    assert(equal(findNullTerminated("abcdef\0gh"), "abcdef"));
-    assert(cmp(findNullTerminated("\0garbage"), "") == 0);
+    assert(equal(findNullTerminated("\0garbage"), ""));
-    assert(cmp(findNullTerminated("\0"), "") == 0);
+    assert(equal(findNullTerminated("\0"), ""));
-    assert(cmp(findNullTerminated("cstring\0"), "cstring") == 0);
+    assert(equal(findNullTerminated("cstring\0"), "cstring"));
     assert(findNullTerminated(null) is null);
     assert(findNullTerminated("abcdef") is null);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Compares two memory areas $(D_PARAM r1) and $(D_PARAM r2) for equality.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  r1 = First memory block.
+ *  r2 = Second memory block.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM r1) and $(D_PARAM r2) are equal,
+ *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
+ */
+bool equal(const void[] r1, const void[] r2) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
+in
+{
+    assert(r1.length == 0 || r1.ptr !is null);
+    assert(r2.length == 0 || r2.ptr !is null);
+}
+do
+{
+    return r1.length == r2.length && memcmp(r1.ptr, r2.ptr, r1.length) == 0;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    assert(equal("asdf", "asdf"));
+    assert(!equal("asd", "asdf"));
+    assert(!equal("asdf", "asd"));
+    assert(!equal("asdf", "qwer"));
+}

middle/tanya/memory/package.d

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Network programming.
+ * Dynamic memory management.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/network/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/package.d,
- *                 tanya/network/package.d)
+ *                 tanya/memory/package.d)
  */
-module tanya.network;
+module tanya.memory;
 
-public import tanya.network.socket;
+public import tanya.memory.allocator;
+public import tanya.memory.lifetime;

middle/tanya/memory/smartref.d

@@ -14,26 +14,22 @@
  *  $(LI Unique ownership)
  * )
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/smartref.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/middle/tanya/memory/smartref.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/smartref.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.smartref;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
-import tanya.conv;
-import tanya.exception;
-import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
 
 private template Payload(T)
 {
-    static if (isPolymorphicType!T || isArray!T)
+    static if (isPolymorphicType!T || isDynamicArray!T)
     {
         alias Payload = T;
     }
@@ -305,174 +301,14 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
     auto val = rc.get();
 
     *val = 8;
-    assert(*rc.storage.payload == 8);
+    assert(*rc.get == 8);
 
     val = null;
-    assert(rc.storage.payload !is null);
+    assert(rc.get !is null);
-    assert(*rc.storage.payload == 8);
+    assert(*rc.get == 8);
 
     *rc = 9;
-    assert(*rc.storage.payload == 9);
+    assert(*rc.get == 9);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
-    rc = defaultAllocator.make!int(7);
-    assert(*rc == 7);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    RefCounted!int rc;
-    assert(!rc.isInitialized);
-    rc = null;
-    assert(!rc.isInitialized);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
-
-    void func(RefCounted!int param) @nogc
-    {
-        assert(param.count == 2);
-        param = defaultAllocator.make!int(7);
-        assert(param.count == 1);
-        assert(*param == 7);
-    }
-    func(rc);
-    assert(rc.count == 1);
-    assert(*rc == 5);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    RefCounted!int rc;
-
-    void func(RefCounted!int param) @nogc
-    {
-        assert(param.count == 0);
-        param = defaultAllocator.make!int(7);
-        assert(param.count == 1);
-        assert(*param == 7);
-    }
-    func(rc);
-    assert(rc.count == 0);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    RefCounted!int rc1, rc2;
-    static assert(is(typeof(rc1 = rc2)));
-}
-
-version (unittest)
-{
-    private class A
-    {
-        uint *destroyed;
-
-        this(ref uint destroyed) @nogc
-        {
-            this.destroyed = &destroyed;
-        }
-
-        ~this() @nogc
-        {
-            ++(*destroyed);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private struct B
-    {
-        int prop;
-        @disable this();
-        this(int param1) @nogc
-        {
-            prop = param1;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    uint destroyed;
-    auto a = defaultAllocator.make!A(destroyed);
-
-    assert(destroyed == 0);
-    {
-        auto rc = RefCounted!A(a, defaultAllocator);
-        assert(rc.count == 1);
-
-        void func(RefCounted!A rc) @nogc @system
-        {
-            assert(rc.count == 2);
-        }
-        func(rc);
-
-        assert(rc.count == 1);
-    }
-    assert(destroyed == 1);
-
-    RefCounted!int rc;
-    assert(rc.count == 0);
-    rc = defaultAllocator.make!int(8);
-    assert(rc.count == 1);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = RefCounted!int(defaultAllocator);
-    assert(!rc.isInitialized);
-    assert(rc.allocator is defaultAllocator);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
-    assert(rc.count == 1);
-
-    void func(RefCounted!int rc) @nogc
-    {
-        assert(rc.count == 2);
-        rc = null;
-        assert(!rc.isInitialized);
-        assert(rc.count == 0);
-    }
-
-    assert(rc.count == 1);
-    func(rc);
-    assert(rc.count == 1);
-
-    rc = null;
-    assert(!rc.isInitialized);
-    assert(rc.count == 0);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
-    assert(*rc == 5);
-
-    void func(RefCounted!int rc) @nogc
-    {
-        assert(rc.count == 2);
-        rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(4);
-        assert(*rc == 4);
-        assert(rc.count == 1);
-    }
-    func(rc);
-    assert(*rc == 5);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof(RefCounted!int.storage.payload) == int*));
-    static assert(is(typeof(RefCounted!A.storage.payload) == A));
-
-    static assert(is(RefCounted!B));
-    static assert(is(RefCounted!A));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -530,21 +366,21 @@ do
  *
  * Params:
  *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
  *  size      = Array size.
  *  allocator = Allocator.
  *
  * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted!T).
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
  */
-RefCounted!T refCounted(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+RefCounted!T refCounted(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t size)
 @trusted
-if (isArray!T)
 in
 {
     assert(allocator !is null);
-    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
+    assert(size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof);
 }
 do
 {
@@ -573,59 +409,6 @@ do
     assert(rc.count == 1);
 }
 
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    struct E
-    {
-    }
-    auto b = defaultAllocator.refCounted!B(15);
-    static assert(is(typeof(b.storage.payload) == B*));
-    static assert(is(typeof(b.prop) == int));
-    static assert(!is(typeof(defaultAllocator.refCounted!B())));
-
-    static assert(is(typeof(defaultAllocator.refCounted!E())));
-    static assert(!is(typeof(defaultAllocator.refCounted!E(5))));
-    {
-        auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!B(3);
-        assert(rc.get().prop == 3);
-    }
-    {
-        auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!E();
-        assert(rc.count);
-    }
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!(int[])(5);
-    assert(rc.length == 5);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto p1 = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
-    auto p2 = p1;
-    auto rc = RefCounted!int(p1, defaultAllocator);
-    assert(rc.get() is p2);
-}
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    static bool destroyed;
-
-    static struct F
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow @safe
-        {
-            destroyed = true;
-        }
-    }
-    {
-        auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!F();
-    }
-    assert(destroyed);
-}
-
 /**
  * $(D_PSYMBOL Unique) stores an object that gets destroyed at the end of its scope.
  *
@@ -861,63 +644,24 @@ do
  *
  * Params:
  *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
  *  size      = Array size.
  *  allocator = Allocator.
  *
  * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL Unique!T).
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
  */
-Unique!T unique(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+Unique!T unique(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t size)
 @trusted
-if (isArray!T)
 in
 {
     assert(allocator !is null);
-    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
+    assert(size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof);
 }
 do
 {
-    auto payload = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, size);
+    auto payload = allocator.resize!E(null, size);
     return Unique!T(payload, allocator);
 }
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof(defaultAllocator.unique!B(5))));
-    static assert(is(typeof(defaultAllocator.unique!(int[])(5))));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto s = defaultAllocator.unique!int(5);
-    assert(*s == 5);
-
-    s = null;
-    assert(s is null);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto s = defaultAllocator.unique!int(5);
-    assert(*s == 5);
-
-    s = defaultAllocator.unique!int(4);
-    assert(*s == 4);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto p1 = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
-    auto p2 = p1;
-
-    auto rc = Unique!int(p1, defaultAllocator);
-    assert(rc.get() is p2);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto rc = Unique!int(defaultAllocator);
-    assert(rc.allocator is defaultAllocator);
-}

os/dub.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+	"name": "os",
+	"description": "Platform-independent interfaces to operating system functionality",
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"dependencies": {
+		"tanya:meta": "*"
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"dflags-dmd": ["-dip1000"]
+}

os/tanya/os/error.d

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 /**
  * This module provides a portable way of using operating system error codes.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/os/error.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/os/tanya/os/error.d,
  *                 tanya/os/error.d)
  */
 module tanya.os.error;
@@ -307,14 +307,14 @@ struct ErrorCode
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    ref ErrorCode opAssign(const ErrorNo that) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    ref ErrorCode opAssign(const ErrorNo that) return @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         this.value_ = that;
         return this;
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    ref ErrorCode opAssign(const ErrorCode that) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    ref ErrorCode opAssign(const ErrorCode that) return @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         this.value_ = that.value_;
         return this;
@@ -407,12 +407,6 @@ struct ErrorCode
         assert(ec.toString() == "An invalid pointer address detected");
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        ErrorCode ec = cast(ErrorCode.ErrorNo) -1;
-        assert(ec.toString() is null);
-    }
-
     private ErrorNo value_ = ErrorNo.success;
 
     alias ErrorNo this;

os/tanya/os/package.d

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
  * This package provides platform-independent interfaces to operating system
  * functionality.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/os/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/os/tanya/os/package.d,
  *                 tanya/os/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.os;

source/tanya/algorithm/comparison.d

@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Algorithms for comparing values.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/algorithm/comparison.d,
- *                 tanya/algorithm/comparison.d)
- */
-module tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.math : isNaN;
-import tanya.memory.op;
-import tanya.meta.metafunction;
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.range.array;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
-
-private ref inout(Args[0]) minMax(alias cmp, Args...)(ref inout Args args)
-{
-    auto actual = ((ref arg) @trusted => &arg)(args[0]);
-
-    foreach (i, arg; args[1 .. $])
-    {
-        static if (isFloatingPoint!(Args[0]))
-        {
-            if (isNaN(arg))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (isNaN(*actual))
-            {
-                actual = ((ref arg) @trusted => &arg)(args[i + 1]);
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-        if (cmp(arg, *actual))
-        {
-            actual = ((ref arg) @trusted => &arg)(args[i + 1]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return *actual;
-}
-
-private T moveIf(T)(ref T arg)
-{
-    static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T && isMutable!T)
-    {
-        return move(arg);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return arg;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Finds the smallest element in the argument list or a range.
- *
- * If a range is passed, $(D_PSYMBOL min) returns a range of the same type,
- * whose front element is the smallest in the range. If more than one element
- * fulfills this condition, the front of the returned range points to
- * the first one found.
- * If $(D_PARAM range) is empty, the original range is returned.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM Args) are floating point numbers, $(B NaN) is not considered
- * for comparison. $(B NaN) is returned only if all arguments are $(B NaN)s.
- *
- * Params:
- *  Args  = Types of the arguments. All arguments should have the same type.
- *  Range = Forward range type.
- *  args  = Argument list.
- *  range = Forward range.
- *
- * Returns: The smallest element.
- */
-CommonType!Args min(Args...)(Args args)
-if (Args.length >= 2
- && isOrderingComparable!(Args[0])
- && allSameType!(Map!(Unqual, Args)))
-{
-    return moveIf(minMax!((ref a, ref b) => a < b)(args));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-ref inout(Unqual!(Args[0])) min(Args...)(ref inout Args args)
-if (Args.length >= 2
- && isOrderingComparable!(Args[0])
- && allSameType!(Map!(Unqual, Args)))
-{
-    return minMax!((ref a, ref b) => a < b)(args);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(!is(typeof(min(1, 1UL))));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(min(5, 3) == 3);
-    assert(min(4, 4) == 4);
-    assert(min(5.2, 3.0) == 3.0);
-
-    assert(min(5.2, double.nan) == 5.2);
-    assert(min(double.nan, 3.0) == 3.0);
-    assert(isNaN(min(double.nan, double.nan)));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-Range min(Range)(Range range)
-if (isForwardRange!Range && isOrderingComparable!(ElementType!Range))
-{
-    if (range.empty)
-    {
-        return range;
-    }
-    auto actual = range.save;
-
-    range.popFront();
-    for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
-    {
-        if (range.front < actual.front)
-        {
-            actual = range.save;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return actual;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(min(1, 2) == 1);
-    assert(min(3, 2) == 2);
-    assert(min(3, 1, 2) == 1);
-
-    int[4] range = [3, 1, 1, 2];
-    auto minElement = min(range[]);
-    assert(minElement.front == 1);
-    assert(minElement.length == 3);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(min(cast(ubyte[]) []).empty);
-}
-
-/**
- * Finds the largest element in the argument list or a range.
- *
- * If a range is passed, $(D_PSYMBOL max) returns a range of the same type,
- * whose front element is the largest in the range. If more than one element
- * fulfills this condition, the front of the returned range points to
- * the first one found.
- * If $(D_PARAM range) is empty, the original range is returned.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM Args) are floating point numbers, $(B NaN) is not considered
- * for comparison. $(B NaN) is returned only if all arguments are $(B NaN)s.
- *
- * Params:
- *  Args  = Types of the arguments. All arguments should have the same type.
- *  Range = Forward range type.
- *  args  = Argument list.
- *  range = Forward range.
- *
- * Returns: The largest element.
- */
-CommonType!Args max(Args...)(Args args)
-if (Args.length >= 2
- && isOrderingComparable!(Args[0])
- && allSameType!(Map!(Unqual, Args)))
-{
-    return moveIf(minMax!((ref a, ref b) => a > b)(args));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-ref inout(Unqual!(Args[0])) max(Args...)(ref inout Args args)
-if (Args.length >= 2
- && isOrderingComparable!(Args[0])
- && allSameType!(Map!(Unqual, Args)))
-{
-    return minMax!((ref a, ref b) => a > b)(args);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(!is(typeof(max(1, 1UL))));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(max(5, 3) == 5);
-    assert(max(4, 4) == 4);
-    assert(max(5.2, 3.0) == 5.2);
-
-    assert(max(5.2, double.nan) == 5.2);
-    assert(max(double.nan, 3.0) == 3.0);
-    assert(isNaN(max(double.nan, double.nan)));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-Range max(Range)(Range range)
-if (isForwardRange!Range && isOrderingComparable!(ElementType!Range))
-{
-    if (range.empty)
-    {
-        return range;
-    }
-    auto actual = range.save;
-
-    range.popFront();
-    for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
-    {
-        if (range.front > actual.front)
-        {
-            actual = range.save;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return actual;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(max(1, 2) == 2);
-    assert(max(3, 2) == 3);
-    assert(max(1, 3, 2) == 3);
-
-    int[4] range = [1, 5, 5, 2];
-    auto maxElement = max(range[]);
-    assert(maxElement.front == 5);
-    assert(maxElement.length == 3);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(max(cast(ubyte[]) []).empty);
-}
-
-// min/max compare const and mutable structs.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int s;
-
-        int opCmp(typeof(this) that) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.s - that.s;
-        }
-    }
-    {
-        const s1 = S(1);
-        assert(min(s1, S(2)).s == 1);
-        assert(max(s1, S(2)).s == 2);
-    }
-    {
-        auto s2 = S(2), s3 = S(3);
-        assert(min(s2, s3).s == 2);
-        assert(max(s2, s3).s == 3);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Compares element-wise two ranges for equality.
- *
- * If the ranges have different lengths, they aren't equal.
- *
- * Params:
- *  R1 = First range type.
- *  R2 = Second range type.
- *  r1 = First range.
- *  r2 = Second range.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if both ranges are equal, $(D_KEYWORD false)
- *          otherwise.
- */
-bool equal(R1, R2)(R1 r1, R2 r2)
-if (allSatisfy!(isInputRange, R1, R2) && is(typeof(r1.front == r2.front)))
-{
-    static if (isDynamicArray!R1
-            && is(R1 == R2)
-            && __traits(isPOD, ElementType!R1))
-    {
-        return cmp(r1, r2) == 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static if (hasLength!R1 && hasLength!R2)
-        {
-            if (r1.length != r2.length)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        for (; !r1.empty && !r2.empty; r1.popFront(), r2.popFront())
-        {
-            if (r1.front != r2.front)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        static if (hasLength!R1 && hasLength!R2)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return r1.empty && r2.empty;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int[2] range1 = [1, 2];
-    assert(equal(range1[], range1[]));
-
-    int[3] range2 = [1, 2, 3];
-    assert(!equal(range1[], range2[]));
-}

source/tanya/algorithm/iteration.d

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Range adapters.
+ * Iteration algorithms.
  *
- * A range adapter wraps another range and modifies the way, how the original
+ * These algorithms wrap other ranges and modify the way, how the original
  * range is iterated, or the order in which its elements are accessed.
  *
- * All adapters are lazy algorithms, they request the next element of the
+ * All algorithms in this module are lazy, they request the next element of the
- * adapted range on demand.
+ * original range on demand.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2021.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -20,40 +20,45 @@
  */
 module tanya.algorithm.iteration;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
+import std.typecons;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
+import tanya.meta.trait;
+import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range;
 
-private mixin template Take(R, bool exactly)
+private struct SingletonByValue(E)
 {
-    private R source;
+    private Nullable!E element;
-    size_t length_;
 
     @disable this();
 
-    private this(R source, size_t length)
+    private this(U)(ref U element)
+    if (is(U == E))
     {
-        this.source = source;
+        this.element = move(element);
-        static if (!exactly && hasLength!R)
-        {
-            this.length_ = min(source.length, length);
     }
-        else
+
+    private this(U)(ref U element)
+    if (is(Unqual!U == Nullable!(Unqual!E)) || is(Unqual!U == Nullable!(const E)))
     {
-            this.length_ = length;
+        if (!element.isNull)
+        {
+            this.element = element.get;
         }
     }
 
-    @property auto ref front()
+    @property ref inout(E) front() inout
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
     }
     do
     {
-        return this.source.front;
+        return this.element.get;
     }
 
+    alias back = front;
+
     void popFront()
     in
     {
@@ -61,349 +66,194 @@ private mixin template Take(R, bool exactly)
     }
     do
     {
-        this.source.popFront();
+        this.element.nullify();
-        --this.length_;
     }
 
-    @property bool empty()
+    alias popBack = popFront;
+
+    @property bool empty() const
     {
-        static if (exactly || isInfinite!R)
+        return this.element.isNull;
-        {
-            return length == 0;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return length == 0 || this.source.empty;
-        }
     }
 
-    @property size_t length()
+    @property size_t length() const
     {
-        return this.length_;
+        return !this.element.isNull;
     }
 
-    static if (hasAssignableElements!R)
+    auto save()
     {
-        @property void front(ref ElementType!R value)
+        return SingletonByValue!E(this.element);
+    }
+
+    ref inout(E) opIndex(size_t i) inout
+    in
+    {
+        assert(!empty);
+        assert(i == 0);
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        return this.element.get;
+    }
+}
+
+private struct SingletonByRef(E)
+{
+    private E* element;
+
+    @disable this();
+
+    private this(return ref E element) @trusted
+    {
+        this.element = &element;
+    }
+
+    @property ref inout(E) front() inout return
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
     }
     do
     {
-            this.source.front = value;
+        return *this.element;
     }
 
-        @property void front(ElementType!R value)
+    alias back = front;
+
+    void popFront()
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
     }
     do
     {
-            this.source.front = move(value);
+        this.element = null;
-        }
     }
 
-    static if (isForwardRange!R)
+    alias popBack = popFront;
+
+    @property bool empty() const
     {
-        typeof(this) save()
+        return this.element is null;
-        {
-            return typeof(this)(this.source.save(), length);
     }
-    }
+
-    static if (isRandomAccessRange!R)
+    @property size_t length() const
     {
-        @property auto ref back()
+        return this.element !is null;
+    }
+
+    auto save() return
+    {
+        return typeof(this)(*this.element);
+    }
+
+    ref inout(E) opIndex(size_t i) inout return
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
+        assert(i == 0);
     }
     do
     {
-            return this.source[this.length - 1];
+        return *this.element;
-        }
-
-        void popBack()
-        in
-        {
-            assert(!empty);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            --this.length_;
-        }
-
-        auto ref opIndex(size_t i)
-        in
-        {
-            assert(i < length);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            return this.source[i];
-        }
-
-        static if (hasAssignableElements!R)
-        {
-            @property void back(ref ElementType!R value)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(!empty);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[length - 1] = value;
-            }
-
-            @property void back(ElementType!R value)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(!empty);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[length - 1] = move(value);
-            }
-
-            void opIndexAssign(ref ElementType!R value, size_t i)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(i < length);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[i] = value;
-            }
-
-            void opIndexAssign(ElementType!R value, size_t i)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(i < length);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[i] = move(value);
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
 
 /**
- * Takes $(D_PARAM n) elements from $(D_PARAM range).
+ * Creates a bidirectional and random-access range with the single element
+ * $(D_PARAM element).
  *
- * If $(D_PARAM range) doesn't have $(D_PARAM n) elements, the resulting range
+ * If $(D_PARAM element) is passed by value the resulting range stores it
- * spans all elements of $(D_PARAM range).
+ * internally. If $(D_PARAM element) is passed by reference, the resulting
- *
+ * range keeps only a pointer to the element.
- * $(D_PSYMBOL take) is particulary useful with infinite ranges. You can take
- ` $(B n) elements from such range and pass the result to an algorithm which
- * expects a finit range.
  *
  * Params:
- *  R     = Type of the adapted range.
+ *  E       = Element type.
- *  range = The range to take the elements from.
+ *  element = Element.
- *  n     = The number of elements to take.
  *
- * Returns: A range containing maximum $(D_PARAM n) first elements of
+ * Returns: A range with one element.
- *          $(D_PARAM range).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL takeExactly).
  */
-auto take(R)(R range, size_t n)
+auto singleton(E)(return E element)
-if (isInputRange!R)
+if (isMutable!E)
 {
-    static struct Take
+    return SingletonByValue!E(element);
-    {
+}
-        mixin .Take!(R, false);
 
-        static if (hasSlicing!R)
+/// ditto
-        {
+auto singleton(E)(return ref E element)
-            auto opSlice(size_t i, size_t j)
+{
-            in
+    return SingletonByRef!E(element);
-            {
-                assert(i <= j);
-                assert(j <= length);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                return typeof(this)(this.source[i .. j], length);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return Take(range, n);
 }
 
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    static struct InfiniteRange
+    auto singleChar = singleton('a');
-    {
-        private size_t front_ = 1;
 
-        enum bool empty = false;
+    assert(singleChar.length == 1);
+    assert(singleChar.front == 'a');
 
-        @property size_t front() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    singleChar.popFront();
-        {
+    assert(singleChar.empty);
-            return this.front_;
-        }
-
-        @property void front(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.front_ = i;
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            ++this.front_;
-        }
-
-        size_t opIndex(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.front_ + i;
-        }
-
-        void opIndexAssign(size_t value, size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.front = i + value;
-        }
-
-        InfiniteRange save() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this;
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto t = InfiniteRange().take(3);
-    assert(t.length == 3);
-    assert(t.front == 1);
-    assert(t.back == 3);
-
-    t.popFront();
-    assert(t.front == 2);
-    assert(t.back == 3);
-
-    t.popBack();
-    assert(t.front == 2);
-    assert(t.back == 2);
-
-    t.popFront();
-    assert(t.empty);
 }
 
 /**
- * Takes exactly $(D_PARAM n) elements from $(D_PARAM range).
+ * Accumulates all elements of a range using a function.
  *
- * $(D_PARAM range) must have at least $(D_PARAM n) elements.
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL foldr) takes a function, a bidirectional range and the initial
+ * value. The function takes this initial value and the first element of the
+ * range (in this order), puts them together and returns the result. The return
+ * type of the function should be the same as the type of the initial value.
+ * This is than repeated for all the remaining elements of the range, whereby
+ * the value returned by the passed function is used at the place of the
+ * initial value.
  *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL takeExactly) is particulary useful with infinite ranges. You can
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL foldr) accumulates from right to left.
- ` take $(B n) elements from such range and pass the result to an algorithm
- * which expects a finit range.
  *
  * Params:
- *  R     = Type of the adapted range.
+ *  F = Callable accepting the accumulator and a range element.
- *  range = The range to take the elements from.
- *  n     = The number of elements to take.
- *
- * Returns: A range containing $(D_PARAM n) first elements of $(D_PARAM range).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL take).
  */
-auto takeExactly(R)(R range, size_t n)
+template foldr(F...)
-if (isInputRange!R)
+if (F.length == 1)
 {
-    static if (hasSlicing!R)
+    /**
+     * Params:
+     *  R     = Bidirectional range type.
+     *  T     = Type of the accumulated value.
+     *  range = Bidirectional range.
+     *  init  = Initial value.
+     *
+     * Returns: Accumulated value.
+     */
+    auto foldr(R, T)(scope R range, auto ref T init)
+    if (isBidirectionalRange!R)
     {
-        return range[0 .. n];
+        if (range.empty)
+        {
+            return init;
         }
         else
         {
-        static struct TakeExactly
+            auto acc = F[0](init, getAndPopBack(range));
-        {
+            return foldr(range, acc);
-            mixin Take!(R, true);
         }
-        return TakeExactly(range, n);
     }
 }
 
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    static struct InfiniteRange
+    int[3] range = [1, 2, 3];
-    {
+    int[3] output;
-        private size_t front_ = 1;
+    const int[3] expected = [3, 2, 1];
 
-        enum bool empty = false;
+    alias f = (acc, x) {
+        acc.front = x;
+        acc.popFront;
+        return acc;
+    };
+    const actual = foldr!f(range[], output[]);
 
-        @property size_t front() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    assert(output[] == expected[]);
-        {
-            return this.front_;
-        }
-
-        @property void front(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.front_ = i;
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            ++this.front_;
-        }
-
-        size_t opIndex(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.front_ + i;
-        }
-
-        void opIndexAssign(size_t value, size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.front = i + value;
-        }
-
-        InfiniteRange save() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this;
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto t = InfiniteRange().takeExactly(3);
-    assert(t.length == 3);
-    assert(t.front == 1);
-    assert(t.back == 3);
-
-    t.popFront();
-    assert(t.front == 2);
-    assert(t.back == 3);
-
-    t.popBack();
-    assert(t.front == 2);
-    assert(t.back == 2);
-
-    t.popFront();
-    assert(t.empty);
-}
-
-// Takes minimum length if the range length > n
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto range = take(cast(int[]) null, 8);
-    assert(range.length == 0);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    const int[9] range = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
-    {
-        auto slice = take(range[], 8)[1 .. 3];
-
-        assert(slice.length == 2);
-        assert(slice.front == 2);
-        assert(slice.back == 3);
-    }
-    {
-        auto slice = takeExactly(range[], 8)[1 .. 3];
-
-        assert(slice.length == 2);
-        assert(slice.front == 2);
-        assert(slice.back == 3);
-    }
 }

source/tanya/algorithm/mutation.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Algorithms that modify its arguments.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,269 +14,12 @@
  */
 module tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 
+static import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 static import tanya.memory.op;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range;
 
-private void deinitialize(bool zero, T)(ref T value)
-{
-    static if (is(T == U[S], U, size_t S))
-    {
-        foreach (ref e; value)
-        {
-            deinitialize!zero(e);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static if (isNested!T)
-        {
-            // Don't override the context pointer.
-            enum size_t size = T.sizeof - (void*).sizeof;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            enum size_t size = T.sizeof;
-        }
-        static if (zero)
-        {
-            tanya.memory.op.fill!0((cast(void*) &value)[0 .. size]);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            tanya.memory.op.copy(typeid(T).initializer()[0 .. size],
-                                 (&value)[0 .. 1]);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
- * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
- *
- * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
- * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
- * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
- * accessing it yields an unspecified value. No postblits or destructors are
- * called. If the $(D_PARAM target) should be destroyed before, use
- * $(D_PSYMBOL move).
- *
- * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) must be different objects.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T      = Object type.
- *  source = Source object.
- *  target = Target object.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL move),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateCopyConstructor),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateDestructor).
- *
- * Precondition: `&source !is &target`.
- */
-void moveEmplace(T)(ref T source, ref T target) @system
-in
-{
-    assert(&source !is &target, "Source and target must be different");
-}
-do
-{
-    static if (is(T == struct) || isStaticArray!T)
-    {
-        tanya.memory.op.copy((&source)[0 .. 1], (&target)[0 .. 1]);
-
-        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-        {
-            if (typeid(T).initializer().ptr is null)
-            {
-                deinitialize!true(source);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                deinitialize!false(source);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        target = source;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int member = 5;
-
-        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            assert(false);
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(target.member == 5);
-
-    int x1 = 5, x2;
-    moveEmplace(x1, x2);
-    assert(x2 == 5);
-}
-
-// Is pure.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    struct S
-    {
-        this(this)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    static assert(is(typeof({ moveEmplace(source, target); })));
-}
-
-// Moves nested.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    struct Nested
-    {
-        void method() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    Nested source, target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(source == target);
-}
-
-// Emplaces static arrays.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        size_t member;
-        this(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.member = i;
-        }
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    S[2] source = [ S(5), S(5) ], target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(source[0].member == 0);
-    assert(target[0].member == 5);
-    assert(source[1].member == 0);
-    assert(target[1].member == 5);
-}
-
-/**
- * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
- * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
- *
- * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
- * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
- * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
- * accessing it yields an unspecified value. $(D_PARAM target) is destroyed before
- * the new value is assigned. If $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized and
- * therefore shouldn't be destroyed, $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace) can be used.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM target) isn't specified, $(D_PSYMBOL move) returns the source
- * as rvalue without calling its copy constructor or destructor.
- *
- * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) are the same object,
- * $(D_PSYMBOL move) does nothing.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T      = Object type.
- *  source = Source object.
- *  target = Target object.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace).
- */
-void move(T)(ref T source, ref T target)
-{
-    if ((() @trusted => &source is &target)())
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-    {
-        target.__xdtor();
-    }
-    (() @trusted => moveEmplace(source, target))();
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T move(T)(ref T source) @trusted
-{
-    T target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    return target;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int member = 5;
-
-        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            assert(false);
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    move(source, target);
-    assert(target.member == 5);
-    assert(move(target).member == 5);
-
-    int x1 = 5, x2;
-    move(x1, x2);
-    assert(x2 == 5);
-    assert(move(x2) == 5);
-}
-
-// Moves if source is target.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int x = 5;
-    move(x, x);
-    assert(x == 5);
-}
-
-/**
- * Exchanges the values of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b).
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL swap) moves the contents of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b)
- * without calling its postblits or destructors.
- *
- * Params:
- *  a = The first object.
- *  b = The second object.
- */
-void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) @trusted
-{
-    T tmp = void;
-    moveEmplace(a, tmp);
-    moveEmplace(b, a);
-    moveEmplace(tmp, b);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int a = 3, b = 5;
-    swap(a, b);
-    assert(a == 5);
-    assert(b == 3);
-}
-
 /**
  * Copies the $(D_PARAM source) range into the $(D_PARAM target) range.
  *
@@ -293,7 +36,7 @@ void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) @trusted
  *               $(D_PARAM source) elements.
  */
 Target copy(Source, Target)(Source source, Target target)
-if (isInputRange!Source && isOutputRange!(Target, Source))
+if (isInputRange!Source && isOutputRange!(Target, ElementType!Source))
 in
 {
     static if (hasLength!Source && hasLength!Target)
@@ -334,7 +77,7 @@ do
 ///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    import tanya.algorithm.comparison : equal;
+    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
 
     const int[2] source = [1, 2];
     int[2] target = [3, 4];
@@ -343,48 +86,159 @@ do
     assert(equal(source[], target[]));
 }
 
-// Returns advanced target
+/**
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+ * Fills $(D_PARAM range) with $(D_PARAM value).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Range = Input range type.
+ *  Value = Filler type.
+ *  range = Input range.
+ *  value = Filler.
+ */
+void fill(Range, Value)(Range range, auto ref Value value)
+if (isInputRange!Range && isAssignable!(ElementType!Range, Value))
 {
-    int[5] input = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    static if (!isDynamicArray!Range && is(typeof(range[] = value)))
-    assert(copy(input[3 .. 5], input[]).front == 3);
+    {
+        range[] = value;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
+        {
+            range.front = value;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-// Copies overlapping arrays
+///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    import tanya.algorithm.comparison : equal;
+    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
 
-    int[6] actual = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+    int[6] actual;
-    const int[6] expected = [1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4];
+    const int[6] expected = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1];
 
-    copy(actual[0 .. 4], actual[2 .. 6]);
+    fill(actual[], 1);
     assert(equal(actual[], expected[]));
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+/**
+ * Fills $(D_PARAM range) with $(D_PARAM value) assuming the elements of the
+ * $(D_PARAM range) aren't initialized.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Range = Input range type.
+ *  Value = Initializer type.
+ *  range = Input range.
+ *  value = Initializer.
+ */
+void uninitializedFill(Range, Value)(Range range, auto ref Value value)
+if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range
+ && isAssignable!(ElementType!Range, Value))
 {
-    static assert(is(typeof(copy((ubyte[]).init, (ushort[]).init))));
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!(ElementType!Range))
-    static assert(!is(typeof(copy((ushort[]).init, (ubyte[]).init))));
+    {
+        for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
+        {
+            ElementType!Range* p = &range.front;
+            tanya.memory.lifetime.emplace!(ElementType!Range)(cast(void[]) (p[0 .. 1]), value);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        fill(range, value);
+    }
 }
 
+///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    static struct OutPutRange
+    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
-    {
-        int value;
-        void put(int value) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        in
-        {
-            assert(this.value == 0);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            this.value = value;
-        }
-    }
-    int[1] source = [5];
-    OutPutRange target;
 
-    assert(copy(source[], target).value == 5);
+    int[6] actual = void;
+    const int[6] expected = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1];
+
+    uninitializedFill(actual[], 1);
+    assert(equal(actual[], expected[]));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes all elements of the $(D_PARAM range) assuming that they are
+ * uninitialized.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Range = Input range type
+ *  range = Input range.
+ */
+void initializeAll(Range)(Range range) @trusted
+if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range)
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy, fill;
+    alias T = ElementType!Range;
+
+    static if (isDynamicArray!Range && __traits(isZeroInit, T))
+    {
+        fill!0(range);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static immutable init = T.init;
+        for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
+        {
+            copy((&init)[0 .. 1], (&range.front)[0 .. 1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
+
+    int[2] actual = void;
+    const int[2] expected = [0, 0];
+
+    initializeAll(actual[]);
+    assert(equal(actual[], expected[]));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroys all elements in the $(D_PARAM range).
+ *
+ * This function has effect only if the element type of $(D_PARAM Range) has
+ * an elaborate destructor, i.e. it is a $(D_PSYMBOL struct) with an explicit
+ * or generated by the compiler destructor.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Range = Input range type.
+ *  range = Input range.
+ */
+void destroyAll(Range)(Range range)
+if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range)
+{
+    tanya.memory.lifetime.destroyAllImpl!(Range, ElementType!Range)(range);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @trusted unittest
+{
+    static struct WithDtor
+    {
+        private size_t* counter;
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure
+        {
+            if (this.counter !is null)
+            {
+                ++(*this.counter);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t counter;
+    WithDtor[2] withDtor = [WithDtor(&counter), WithDtor(&counter)];
+
+    destroyAll(withDtor[]);
+
+    assert(counter == 2);
 }

source/tanya/algorithm/package.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Collection of generic algorithms.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2021.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,6 +14,5 @@
  */
 module tanya.algorithm;
 
-public import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 public import tanya.algorithm.iteration;
 public import tanya.algorithm.mutation;

source/tanya/async/event/epoll.d

@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Event loop implementation for Linux.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/event/epoll.d,
- *                 tanya/async/event/epoll.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.event.epoll;
-
-version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-}
-else version (linux):
-
-import core.stdc.errno;
-public import core.sys.linux.epoll;
-import core.sys.posix.unistd;
-import core.time;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.async.event.selector;
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.protocol;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.container.array;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-extern (C) nothrow @nogc
-{
-    int epoll_create1(int flags);
-    int epoll_ctl (int epfd, int op, int fd, epoll_event *event);
-    int epoll_wait (int epfd, epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout);
-}
-
-final class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
-{
-    protected int fd;
-    private Array!epoll_event events;
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes the loop.
-     */
-    this() @nogc
-    {
-        if ((fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
-        {
-            throw defaultAllocator.make!BadLoopException("epoll initialization failed");
-        }
-        super();
-        events = Array!epoll_event(maxEvents);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Frees loop internals.
-     */
-    ~this() @nogc
-    {
-        close(fd);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher   = Watcher.
-     *  oldEvents = The events were already set.
-     *  events    = The events should be set.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
-     */
-    protected override bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                  EventMask oldEvents,
-                                  EventMask events) @nogc
-    {
-        int op = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
-        epoll_event ev;
-
-        if (events == oldEvents)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (events && oldEvents)
-        {
-            op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
-        }
-        else if (events && !oldEvents)
-        {
-            op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
-        }
-
-        ev.data.fd = watcher.socket.handle;
-        ev.events = (events & (Event.read | Event.accept) ? EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI : 0)
-                  | (events & Event.write ? EPOLLOUT : 0)
-                  | EPOLLET;
-
-        return epoll_ctl(fd, op, watcher.socket.handle, &ev) == 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Does the actual polling.
-     */
-    protected override void poll() @nogc
-    {
-        // Don't block
-        immutable timeout = cast(immutable int) blockTime.total!"msecs";
-        auto eventCount = epoll_wait(fd, events.get().ptr, maxEvents, timeout);
-
-        if (eventCount < 0)
-        {
-            if (errno != EINTR)
-            {
-                throw defaultAllocator.make!BadLoopException();
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (auto i = 0; i < eventCount; ++i)
-        {
-            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[events[i].data.fd];
-
-            if (transport is null)
-            {
-                auto connection = cast(ConnectionWatcher) connections[events[i].data.fd];
-                assert(connection !is null);
-
-                acceptConnections(connection);
-            }
-            else if (events[i].events & EPOLLERR)
-            {
-                kill(transport);
-                continue;
-            }
-            else if (events[i].events & (EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI | EPOLLHUP))
-            {
-                SocketException exception;
-                try
-                {
-                    ptrdiff_t received;
-                    do
-                    {
-                        received = transport.socket.receive(transport.output[]);
-                        transport.output += received;
-                    }
-                    while (received);
-                }
-                catch (SocketException e)
-                {
-                    exception = e;
-                }
-                if (transport.socket.disconnected)
-                {
-                    kill(transport, exception);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else if (transport.output.length)
-                {
-                    pendings.insertBack(transport);
-                }
-            }
-            if (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT)
-            {
-                transport.writeReady = true;
-                if (transport.input.length)
-                {
-                    feed(transport);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: The blocking time.
-     */
-    override protected @property inout(Duration) blockTime()
-    inout @safe pure nothrow
-    {
-        return min(super.blockTime, 1.dur!"seconds");
-    }
-}

source/tanya/async/event/iocp.d

@@ -1,388 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Event loop implementation for Windows.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/event/iocp.d,
- *                 tanya/async/event/iocp.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.event.iocp;
-
-version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-}
-else version (Windows):
-
-import core.sys.windows.mswsock;
-import core.sys.windows.winsock2;
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.protocol;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.container.buffer;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-import tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
-
-/**
- * Transport for stream sockets.
- */
-final class StreamTransport : SocketWatcher, DuplexTransport, SocketTransport
-{
-    private SocketException exception;
-
-    private ReadBuffer!ubyte output;
-
-    private WriteBuffer!ubyte input;
-
-    private Protocol protocol_;
-
-    private bool closing;
-
-    /**
-     * Creates new completion port transport.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  socket = Socket.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
-     */
-    this(OverlappedConnectedSocket socket) @nogc
-    {
-        super(socket);
-        output = ReadBuffer!ubyte(8192, 1024);
-        input = WriteBuffer!ubyte(8192);
-        active = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Socket.
-     *
-     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
-     */
-    override @property OverlappedConnectedSocket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    out (socket)
-    {
-        assert(socket !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        return cast(OverlappedConnectedSocket) socket_;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
-     */
-    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return closing;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Close the transport.
-     *
-     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
-     */
-    void close() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        closing = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Write some data to the transport.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  data = Data to send.
-     */
-    void write(ubyte[] data) @nogc
-    {
-        input ~= data;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Application protocol.
-     */
-    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return protocol_;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Switches the protocol.
-     *
-     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  protocol = Application protocol.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
-     */
-    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(protocol !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        protocol_ = protocol;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Invokes the watcher callback.
-     */
-    override void invoke() @nogc
-    {
-        if (output.length)
-        {
-            immutable empty = input.length == 0;
-            protocol.received(output[0 .. $]);
-            output.clear();
-            if (empty)
-            {
-                SocketState overlapped;
-                try
-                {
-                    overlapped = defaultAllocator.make!SocketState;
-                    socket.beginSend(input[], overlapped);
-                }
-                catch (SocketException e)
-                {
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(overlapped);
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(e);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            protocol.disconnected(exception);
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(protocol_);
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(exception);
-            active = false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-final class IOCPLoop : Loop
-{
-    protected HANDLE completionPort;
-
-    protected OVERLAPPED overlap;
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes the loop.
-     */
-    this() @nogc
-    {
-        super();
-
-        completionPort = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, null, 0, 0);
-        if (!completionPort)
-        {
-            throw make!BadLoopException(defaultAllocator,
-                                        "Creating completion port failed");
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher   = Watcher.
-     *  oldEvents = The events were already set.
-     *  events    = The events should be set.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
-     */
-    override protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                  EventMask oldEvents,
-                                  EventMask events) @nogc
-    {
-        SocketState overlapped;
-        if (!(oldEvents & Event.accept) && (events & Event.accept))
-        {
-            auto socket = cast(OverlappedStreamSocket) watcher.socket;
-            assert(socket !is null);
-
-            if (CreateIoCompletionPort(cast(HANDLE) socket.handle,
-                                       completionPort,
-                                       cast(size_t) (cast(void*) watcher),
-                                       0) !is completionPort)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                overlapped = defaultAllocator.make!SocketState;
-                socket.beginAccept(overlapped);
-            }
-            catch (SocketException e)
-            {
-                defaultAllocator.dispose(overlapped);
-                defaultAllocator.dispose(e);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        if ((!(oldEvents & Event.read) && (events & Event.read))
-            || (!(oldEvents & Event.write) && (events & Event.write)))
-        {
-            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) watcher;
-            assert(transport !is null);
-
-            if (CreateIoCompletionPort(cast(HANDLE) transport.socket.handle,
-                                       completionPort,
-                                       cast(size_t) (cast(void*) watcher),
-                                       0) !is completionPort)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // Begin to read
-            if (!(oldEvents & Event.read) && (events & Event.read))
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    overlapped = defaultAllocator.make!SocketState;
-                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
-                }
-                catch (SocketException e)
-                {
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(overlapped);
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(e);
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private void kill(StreamTransport transport,
-                      SocketException exception = null) @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(transport !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        transport.socket.shutdown();
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(transport.socket);
-        transport.exception = exception;
-        pendings.insertBack(transport);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Does the actual polling.
-     */
-    override protected void poll() @nogc
-    {
-        DWORD lpNumberOfBytes;
-        size_t key;
-        OVERLAPPED* overlap;
-        immutable timeout = cast(immutable int) blockTime.total!"msecs";
-
-        auto result = GetQueuedCompletionStatus(completionPort,
-                                                &lpNumberOfBytes,
-                                                &key,
-                                                &overlap,
-                                                timeout);
-        if (result == FALSE && overlap is null)
-        {
-            return; // Timeout
-        }
-
-        enum size_t offset = size_t.sizeof * 2;
-        auto overlapped = cast(SocketState) ((cast(void*) overlap) - offset);
-        assert(overlapped !is null);
-        scope (failure)
-        {
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(overlapped);
-        }
-
-        switch (overlapped.event)
-        {
-            case OverlappedSocketEvent.accept:
-                auto connection = cast(ConnectionWatcher) (cast(void*) key);
-                assert(connection !is null);
-
-                auto listener = cast(OverlappedStreamSocket) connection.socket;
-                assert(listener !is null);
-
-                auto socket = listener.endAccept(overlapped);
-                auto transport = defaultAllocator.make!StreamTransport(socket);
-
-                connection.incoming.insertBack(transport);
-
-                reify(transport, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
-
-                pendings.insertBack(connection);
-                listener.beginAccept(overlapped);
-                break;
-            case OverlappedSocketEvent.read:
-                auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) (cast(void*) key);
-                assert(transport !is null);
-
-                if (!transport.active)
-                {
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(transport);
-                    defaultAllocator.dispose(overlapped);
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                int received;
-                SocketException exception;
-                try
-                {
-                    received = transport.socket.endReceive(overlapped);
-                }
-                catch (SocketException e)
-                {
-                    exception = e;
-                }
-                if (transport.socket.disconnected)
-                {
-                    // We want to get one last notification to destroy the watcher.
-                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
-                    kill(transport, exception);
-                }
-                else if (received > 0)
-                {
-                    immutable full = transport.output.free == received;
-
-                    transport.output += received;
-                    // Receive was interrupted because the buffer is full. We have to continue.
-                    if (full)
-                    {
-                        transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
-                    }
-                    pendings.insertBack(transport);
-                }
-                break;
-            case OverlappedSocketEvent.write:
-                auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) (cast(void*) key);
-                assert(transport !is null);
-
-                transport.input += transport.socket.endSend(overlapped);
-                if (transport.input.length > 0)
-                {
-                    transport.socket.beginSend(transport.input[], overlapped);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
-                    if (transport.isClosing())
-                    {
-                        kill(transport);
-                    }
-                }
-                break;
-            default:
-                assert(false, "Unknown event");
-        }
-    }
-}

source/tanya/async/event/kqueue.d

@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Event loop implementation for *BSD.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/event/kqueue.d,
- *                 tanya/async/event/kqueue.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.event.kqueue;
-
-version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-}
-else version (OSX)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (iOS)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (TVOS)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (WatchOS)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (FreeBSD)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (OpenBSD)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-else version (DragonFlyBSD)
-{
-    version = MacBSD;
-}
-
-version (MacBSD):
-
-import core.stdc.errno;
-import core.sys.posix.time; // timespec
-import core.sys.posix.unistd;
-import core.time;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.async.event.selector;
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.container.array;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-void EV_SET(kevent_t* kevp, typeof(kevent_t.tupleof) args) pure nothrow @nogc
-{
-    *kevp = kevent_t(args);
-}
-
-enum : short
-{
-    EVFILT_READ     =  -1,
-    EVFILT_WRITE    =  -2,
-    EVFILT_AIO      =  -3, /* attached to aio requests */
-    EVFILT_VNODE    =  -4, /* attached to vnodes */
-    EVFILT_PROC     =  -5, /* attached to struct proc */
-    EVFILT_SIGNAL   =  -6, /* attached to struct proc */
-    EVFILT_TIMER    =  -7, /* timers */
-    EVFILT_MACHPORT =  -8, /* Mach portsets */
-    EVFILT_FS       =  -9, /* filesystem events */
-    EVFILT_USER     = -10, /* User events */
-    EVFILT_VM       = -12, /* virtual memory events */
-    EVFILT_SYSCOUNT =  11
-}
-
-struct kevent_t
-{
-    uintptr_t ident; // Identifier for this event
-    short filter; // Filter for event
-    ushort flags;
-    uint fflags;
-    intptr_t data;
-    void* udata; // Opaque user data identifier
-}
-
-enum
-{
-    /* actions */
-    EV_ADD      = 0x0001, /* add event to kq (implies enable) */
-    EV_DELETE   = 0x0002, /* delete event from kq */
-    EV_ENABLE   = 0x0004, /* enable event */
-    EV_DISABLE  = 0x0008, /* disable event (not reported) */
-
-    /* flags */
-    EV_ONESHOT  = 0x0010, /* only report one occurrence */
-    EV_CLEAR    = 0x0020, /* clear event state after reporting */
-    EV_RECEIPT  = 0x0040, /* force EV_ERROR on success, data=0 */
-    EV_DISPATCH = 0x0080, /* disable event after reporting */
-
-    EV_SYSFLAGS = 0xF000, /* reserved by system */
-    EV_FLAG1    = 0x2000, /* filter-specific flag */
-
-    /* returned values */
-    EV_EOF      = 0x8000, /* EOF detected */
-    EV_ERROR    = 0x4000, /* error, data contains errno */
-}
-
-extern(C) int kqueue() nothrow @nogc;
-extern(C) int kevent(int kq, const kevent_t *changelist, int nchanges,
-                     kevent_t *eventlist, int nevents, const timespec *timeout)
-                     nothrow @nogc;
-
-final class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
-{
-    protected int fd;
-    private Array!kevent_t events;
-    private Array!kevent_t changes;
-    private size_t changeCount;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Maximal event count can be got at a time
-     *          (should be supported by the backend).
-     */
-    override protected @property uint maxEvents()
-    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return cast(uint) events.length;
-    }
-
-    this() @nogc
-    {
-        super();
-
-        if ((fd = kqueue()) == -1)
-        {
-            throw make!BadLoopException(defaultAllocator,
-                                        "kqueue initialization failed");
-        }
-        events = Array!kevent_t(64);
-        changes = Array!kevent_t(64);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Frees loop internals.
-     */
-    ~this() @nogc
-    {
-        close(fd);
-    }
-
-    private void set(SocketType socket, short filter, ushort flags) @nogc
-    {
-        if (changes.length <= changeCount)
-        {
-            changes.length = changeCount + maxEvents;
-        }
-        EV_SET(&changes[changeCount],
-               cast(ulong) socket,
-               filter,
-               flags,
-               0U,
-               0,
-               null);
-        ++changeCount;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     * 	watcher   = Watcher.
-     * 	oldEvents = The events were already set.
-     * 	events    = The events should be set.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
-     */
-    override protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                  EventMask oldEvents,
-                                  EventMask events) @nogc
-    {
-        if (events != oldEvents)
-        {
-            if (oldEvents & Event.read || oldEvents & Event.accept)
-            {
-                set(watcher.socket.handle, EVFILT_READ, EV_DELETE);
-            }
-            if (oldEvents & Event.write)
-            {
-                set(watcher.socket.handle, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_DELETE);
-            }
-        }
-        if (events & (Event.read | events & Event.accept))
-        {
-            set(watcher.socket.handle, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD | EV_ENABLE);
-        }
-        if (events & Event.write)
-        {
-            set(watcher.socket.handle, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_ADD | EV_DISPATCH);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Does the actual polling.
-     */
-    protected override void poll() @nogc
-    {
-        timespec ts;
-        blockTime.split!("seconds", "nsecs")(ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
-
-        if (changeCount > maxEvents)
-        {
-            events.length = changes.length;
-        }
-
-        auto eventCount = kevent(fd,
-                                 changes.get().ptr,
-                                 cast(int) changeCount,
-                                 events.get().ptr,
-                                 maxEvents,
-                                 &ts);
-        changeCount = 0;
-
-        if (eventCount < 0)
-        {
-            if (errno != EINTR)
-            {
-                throw defaultAllocator.make!BadLoopException();
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (int i; i < eventCount; ++i)
-        {
-            assert(connections.length > events[i].ident);
-
-            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[events[i].ident];
-            // If it is a ConnectionWatcher. Accept connections.
-            if (transport is null)
-            {
-                auto connection = cast(ConnectionWatcher) connections[events[i].ident];
-                assert(connection !is null);
-
-                acceptConnections(connection);
-            }
-            else if (events[i].flags & EV_ERROR)
-            {
-                kill(transport);
-            }
-            else if (events[i].filter == EVFILT_READ)
-            {
-                SocketException exception;
-                try
-                {
-                    ptrdiff_t received;
-                    do
-                    {
-                        received = transport.socket.receive(transport.output[]);
-                        transport.output += received;
-                    }
-                    while (received);
-                }
-                catch (SocketException e)
-                {
-                    exception = e;
-                }
-                if (transport.socket.disconnected)
-                {
-                    kill(transport, exception);
-                }
-                else if (transport.output.length)
-                {
-                    pendings.insertBack(transport);
-                }
-            }
-            else if (events[i].filter == EVFILT_WRITE)
-            {
-                transport.writeReady = true;
-                if (transport.input.length)
-                {
-                    feed(transport);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: The blocking time.
-     */
-    override protected @property inout(Duration) blockTime()
-    inout @nogc @safe pure nothrow
-    {
-        return min(super.blockTime, 1.dur!"seconds");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the transport couldn't send the data, the further sending should
-     * be handled by the event loop.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     * 	transport = Transport.
-     * 	exception = Exception thrown on sending.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation could be successfully
-     *          completed or scheduled, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise (the
-     *          transport will be destroyed then).
-     */
-    protected override bool feed(StreamTransport transport,
-                                 SocketException exception = null) @nogc
-    {
-        if (!super.feed(transport, exception))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (!transport.writeReady)
-        {
-            set(transport.socket.handle, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_DISPATCH);
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-}

source/tanya/async/event/selector.d

@@ -1,405 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * This module contains base implementations for reactor event loops.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/event/selector.d,
- *                 tanya/async/event/selector.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.event.selector;
-
-version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-}
-else version (Posix):
-
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.protocol;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.container.array;
-import tanya.container.buffer;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-/**
- * Transport for stream sockets.
- */
-package class StreamTransport : SocketWatcher, DuplexTransport, SocketTransport
-{
-    private SelectorLoop loop;
-
-    private SocketException exception;
-
-    package ReadBuffer!ubyte output;
-
-    package WriteBuffer!ubyte input;
-
-    private Protocol protocol_;
-
-    private bool closing;
-
-    /// Received notification that the underlying socket is write-ready.
-    package bool writeReady;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  loop   = Event loop.
-     *  socket = Socket.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE loop !is null && socket !is null)
-     */
-    this(SelectorLoop loop, ConnectedSocket socket) @nogc
-    in 
-    {
-        assert(loop !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        super(socket);
-        this.loop = loop;
-        output = ReadBuffer!ubyte(8192, 1024);
-        input = WriteBuffer!ubyte(8192);
-        active = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Socket.
-     *
-     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
-     */
-    override @property ConnectedSocket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    out (socket)
-    {
-        assert(socket !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        return cast(ConnectedSocket) socket_;
-    }
-
-    private @property void socket(ConnectedSocket socket)
-    pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(socket !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        socket_ = socket;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Application protocol.
-     */
-    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return protocol_;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Switches the protocol.
-     *
-     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  protocol = Application protocol.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
-     */
-    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(protocol !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        protocol_ = protocol;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
-     */
-    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return closing;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Close the transport.
-     *
-     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
-     */
-    void close() @nogc
-    {
-        closing = true;
-        loop.reify(this,
-                   EventMask(Event.read, Event.write),
-                   EventMask(Event.write));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Invokes the watcher callback.
-     */
-    override void invoke() @nogc
-    {
-        if (output.length)
-        {
-            protocol.received(output[0 .. $]);
-            output.clear();
-            if (isClosing() && input.length == 0)
-            {
-                loop.kill(this);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            protocol.disconnected(exception);
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(protocol_);
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(exception);
-            active = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Write some data to the transport.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  data = Data to send.
-     */
-    void write(ubyte[] data) @nogc
-    {
-        if (!data.length)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        // Try to write if the socket is write ready.
-        if (writeReady)
-        {
-            ptrdiff_t sent;
-            SocketException exception;
-            try
-            {
-                sent = socket.send(data);
-                if (sent == 0)
-                {
-                    writeReady = false;
-                }
-            }
-            catch (SocketException e)
-            {
-                writeReady = false;
-                exception = e;
-            }
-            if (sent < data.length)
-            {
-                input ~= data[sent..$];
-                loop.feed(this, exception);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            input ~= data;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
-{
-    /// Pending connections.
-    protected Array!SocketWatcher connections;
-
-    this() @nogc
-    {
-        super();
-        this.connections = Array!SocketWatcher(maxEvents);
-    }
-
-    ~this() @nogc
-    {
-        foreach (ref connection; this.connections[])
-        {
-            // We want to free only the transports. ConnectionWatcher are
-            // created by the user and should be freed by himself.
-            if (cast(StreamTransport) connection !is null)
-            {
-                defaultAllocator.dispose(connection);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher   = Watcher.
-     *  oldEvents = The events were already set.
-     *  events    = The events should be set.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
-     */
-    override abstract protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                           EventMask oldEvents,
-                                           EventMask events) @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Kills the watcher and closes the connection.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  transport = Transport.
-     *  exception = Occurred exception.
-     */
-    protected void kill(StreamTransport transport,
-                        SocketException exception = null) @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(transport !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        transport.socket.shutdown();
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(transport.socket);
-        transport.exception = exception;
-        pendings.insertBack(transport);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the transport couldn't send the data, the further sending should
-     * be handled by the event loop.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  transport = Transport.
-     *  exception = Exception thrown on sending.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation could be successfully
-     *          completed or scheduled, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise (the
-     *          transport will be destroyed then).
-     */
-    protected bool feed(StreamTransport transport,
-                        SocketException exception = null) @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(transport !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        while (transport.input.length && transport.writeReady)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                ptrdiff_t sent = transport.socket.send(transport.input[]);
-                if (sent == 0)
-                {
-                    transport.writeReady = false;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    transport.input += sent;
-                }
-            }
-            catch (SocketException e)
-            {
-                exception = e;
-                transport.writeReady = false;
-            }
-        }
-        if (exception !is null)
-        {
-            kill(transport, exception);
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (transport.input.length == 0 && transport.isClosing())
-        {
-            kill(transport);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Start watching.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher = Watcher.
-     */
-    override void start(ConnectionWatcher watcher) @nogc
-    {
-        if (watcher.active)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (connections.length <= watcher.socket)
-        {
-            connections.length = watcher.socket.handle + maxEvents / 2;
-        }
-        connections[watcher.socket.handle] = watcher;
-
-        super.start(watcher);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Accept incoming connections.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  connection = Connection watcher ready to accept.
-     */
-    package void acceptConnections(ConnectionWatcher connection) @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(connection !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        while (true)
-        {
-            ConnectedSocket client;
-            try
-            {
-                client = (cast(StreamSocket) connection.socket).accept();
-            }
-            catch (SocketException e)
-            {
-                defaultAllocator.dispose(e);
-                break;
-            }
-            if (client is null)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            StreamTransport transport;
-
-            if (connections.length > client.handle)
-            {
-                transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[client.handle];
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                connections.length = client.handle + maxEvents / 2;
-            }
-            if (transport is null)
-            {
-                transport = defaultAllocator.make!StreamTransport(this, client);
-                connections[client.handle] = transport;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                transport.socket = client;
-            }
-
-            reify(transport, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
-            connection.incoming.insertBack(transport);
-        }
-
-        if (!connection.incoming.empty)
-        {
-            pendings.insertBack(connection);
-        }
-    }
-}

source/tanya/async/iocp.d

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This module provides API for Windows I/O Completion Ports.
- *
- * Note: Available only on Windows.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/iocp.d,
- *                 tanya/async/iocp.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.iocp;
-
-version (Windows)
-{
-    version = WindowsDoc;
-}
-else version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-    version = WindowsDoc;
-    version (Windows)
-    {
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        private struct OVERLAPPED
-        {
-        }
-        private alias HANDLE = void*;
-    }
-}
-
-version (WindowsDoc):
-
-import tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
-
-/**
- * Provides an extendable representation of a Win32 $(D_PSYMBOL OVERLAPPED)
- * structure.
- */
-class State
-{
-    /// For internal use by Windows API.
-    align(1) OVERLAPPED overlapped;
-
-    /// File/socket handle.
-    HANDLE handle;
-
-    /// For keeping events or event masks.
-    int event;
-}

source/tanya/async/loop.d

@@ -1,433 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Interface for the event loop implementations and the default event loop
- * chooser.
- *
- * ---
- * import tanya.async;
- * import tanya.memory;
- * import tanya.network.socket;
- *
- * class EchoProtocol : TransmissionControlProtocol
- * {
- *     private DuplexTransport transport;
- *
- *     void received(in ubyte[] data) @nogc
- *     {
- *         ubyte[512] buffer;
- *         buffer[0 .. data.length] = data;
- *         transport.write(buffer[]);
- *     }
- *
- *     void connected(DuplexTransport transport) @nogc
- *     {
- *         this.transport = transport;
- *     }
- *
- *     void disconnected(SocketException e) @nogc
- *     {
- *     }
- * }
- *
- * void main()
- * {
- *     auto address = defaultAllocator.make!InternetAddress("127.0.0.1", cast(ushort) 8192);
- *
- *     version (Windows)
- *     {
- *         auto sock = defaultAllocator.make!OverlappedStreamSocket(AddressFamily.inet);
- *     }
- *     else
- *     {
- *         auto sock = defaultAllocator.make!StreamSocket(AddressFamily.inet);
- *         sock.blocking = false;
- *     }
- *
- *     sock.bind(address);
- *     sock.listen(5);
- *
- *     auto io = defaultAllocator.make!ConnectionWatcher(sock);
- *     io.setProtocol!EchoProtocol;
- *
- *     defaultLoop.start(io);
- *     defaultLoop.run();
- *
- *     sock.shutdown();
- *     defaultAllocator.dispose(io);
- *     defaultAllocator.dispose(sock);
- *     defaultAllocator.dispose(address);
- * }
- * ---
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/loop.d,
- *                 tanya/async/loop.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.loop;
-
-import core.time;
-import std.typecons;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.container.buffer;
-import tanya.container.list;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-version (DisableBackends)
-{
-}
-else version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-}
-else version (linux)
-{
-    import tanya.async.event.epoll;
-    version = Epoll;
-}
-else version (Windows)
-{
-    import tanya.async.event.iocp;
-    version = IOCP;
-}
-else version (OSX)
-{
-    version = Kqueue;
-}
-else version (iOS)
-{
-    version = Kqueue;
-}
-else version (FreeBSD)
-{
-    version = Kqueue;
-}
-else version (OpenBSD)
-{
-    version = Kqueue;
-}
-else version (DragonFlyBSD)
-{
-    version = Kqueue;
-}
-version (unittest)
-{
-    final class TestLoop : Loop
-    {
-        override protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                      EventMask oldEvents,
-                                      EventMask events) @nogc
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        override protected void poll() @nogc
-        {
-            assert(!this.done);
-            unloop();
-        }
-
-        override protected @property uint maxEvents()
-        const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return 64U;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Events.
- */
-enum Event : uint
-{
-    none   = 0x00,       /// No events.
-    read   = 0x01,       /// Non-blocking read call.
-    write  = 0x02,       /// Non-blocking write call.
-    accept = 0x04,       /// Connection made.
-    error  = 0x80000000, /// Sent when an error occurs.
-}
-
-alias EventMask = BitFlags!Event;
-
-/**
- * Event loop.
- */
-abstract class Loop
-{
-    private bool done = true;
-
-    /// Pending watchers.
-    protected DList!Watcher pendings;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Maximal event count can be got at a time
-     *          (should be supported by the backend).
-     */
-    protected @property uint maxEvents()
-    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return 128U;
-    }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto loop = defaultAllocator.make!TestLoop;
-        assert(loop.maxEvents == 64);
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(loop);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes the loop.
-     */
-    this() @nogc
-    {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Frees loop internals.
-     */
-    ~this() @nogc
-    {
-        for (; !this.pendings.empty; this.pendings.removeFront())
-        {
-            defaultAllocator.dispose(this.pendings.front);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Starts the loop.
-     */
-    void run() @nogc
-    {
-        this.done = false;
-        do
-        {
-            poll();
-
-            // Invoke pendings
-            for (; !this.pendings.empty; this.pendings.removeFront())
-            {
-                this.pendings.front.invoke();
-            }
-        }
-        while (!this.done);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Break out of the loop.
-     */
-    void unloop() @safe pure nothrow @nogc
-    {
-        this.done = true;
-    }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto loop = defaultAllocator.make!TestLoop;
-        assert(loop.done);
-
-        loop.run();
-        assert(loop.done);
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(loop);
-    }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto loop = defaultAllocator.make!TestLoop;
-        auto watcher = defaultAllocator.make!DummyWatcher;
-        loop.pendings.insertBack(watcher);
-
-        assert(!watcher.invoked);
-        loop.run();
-        assert(watcher.invoked);
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(loop);
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(watcher);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Start watching.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher = Watcher.
-     */
-    void start(ConnectionWatcher watcher) @nogc
-    {
-        if (watcher.active)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        watcher.active = true;
-
-        reify(watcher, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.accept));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Stop watching.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher = Watcher.
-     */
-    void stop(ConnectionWatcher watcher) @nogc
-    {
-        if (!watcher.active)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        watcher.active = false;
-
-        reify(watcher, EventMask(Event.accept), EventMask(Event.none));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  watcher   = Watcher.
-     *  oldEvents = The events were already set.
-     *  events    = The events should be set.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
-     */
-    abstract protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
-                                  EventMask oldEvents,
-                                  EventMask events) @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: The blocking time.
-     */
-    protected @property inout(Duration) blockTime()
-    inout @safe pure nothrow @nogc
-    {
-        // Don't block if we have to do.
-        return pendings.empty ? blockTime_ : Duration.zero;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the blocking time for IO watchers.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  blockTime = The blocking time. Cannot be larger than
-     *              $(D_PSYMBOL maxBlockTime).
-     */
-    protected @property void blockTime(in Duration blockTime) @safe pure nothrow @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(blockTime <= 1.dur!"hours", "Too long to wait.");
-        assert(!blockTime.isNegative);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        blockTime_ = blockTime;
-    }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto loop = defaultAllocator.make!TestLoop;
-        assert(loop.blockTime == 1.dur!"minutes");
-
-        loop.blockTime = 2.dur!"minutes";
-        assert(loop.blockTime == 2.dur!"minutes");
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(loop);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Does the actual polling.
-     */
-    abstract protected void poll() @nogc;
-
-    /// Maximal block time.
-    protected Duration blockTime_ = 1.dur!"minutes";
-}
-
-/**
- * Exception thrown on errors in the event loop.
- */
-class BadLoopException : Exception
-{
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  file = The file where the exception occurred.
-     *  line = The line number where the exception occurred.
-     *  next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
-     */
-    this(string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__, Throwable next = null)
-    pure nothrow const @safe @nogc
-    {
-        super("Event loop cannot be initialized.", file, line, next);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns the event loop used by default. If an event loop wasn't set with
- * $(D_PSYMBOL defaultLoop) before, $(D_PSYMBOL defaultLoop) will try to
- * choose an event loop supported on the system.
- *
- * Returns: The default event loop.
- */
-@property Loop defaultLoop() @nogc
-{
-    if (defaultLoop_ !is null)
-    {
-        return defaultLoop_;
-    }
-    version (Epoll)
-    {
-        defaultLoop_ = defaultAllocator.make!EpollLoop;
-    }
-    else version (IOCP)
-    {
-        defaultLoop_ = defaultAllocator.make!IOCPLoop;
-    }
-    else version (Kqueue)
-    {
-        import tanya.async.event.kqueue;
-        defaultLoop_ = defaultAllocator.make!KqueueLoop;
-    }
-    return defaultLoop_;
-}
-
-/**
- * Sets the default event loop.
- *
- * This property makes it possible to implement your own backends or event
- * loops, for example, if the system is not supported or if you want to
- * extend the supported implementation. Just extend $(D_PSYMBOL Loop) and pass
- * your implementation to this property.
- *
- * Params:
- *  loop = The event loop.
- */
-@property void defaultLoop(Loop loop) @nogc
-in
-{
-    assert(loop !is null);
-}
-do
-{
-    defaultLoop_ = loop;
-}
-
-private Loop defaultLoop_;
-
-@nogc @system unittest
-{
-    auto oldLoop = defaultLoop_;
-    auto loop = defaultAllocator.make!TestLoop;
-
-    defaultLoop = loop;
-    assert(defaultLoop_ is loop);
-    assert(defaultLoop is loop);
-
-    defaultLoop_ = oldLoop;
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(loop);
-}

source/tanya/async/package.d

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This package provides asynchronous capabilities.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/package.d,
- *                 tanya/async/package.d)
- */
-module tanya.async;
-
-public import tanya.async.loop;
-public import tanya.async.protocol;
-public import tanya.async.transport;
-public import tanya.async.watcher;

source/tanya/async/protocol.d

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This module contains protocol which handle data in asynchronous
- * applications.
- *
- * When an event from the network arrives, a protocol method gets
- * called and can respond to the event.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/protocol.d,
- *                 tanya/async/protocol.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.protocol;
-
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-/**
- * Common protocol interface.
- */
-interface Protocol
-{
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  data = Read data.
-     */
-    void received(in ubyte[] data) @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Called when a connection is made.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  transport = Protocol transport.
-     */
-    void connected(DuplexTransport transport) @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Called when a connection is lost.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  exception = $(D_PSYMBOL Exception) if an error caused
-     *              the disconnect, $(D_KEYWORD null) otherwise.
-     */
-    void disconnected(SocketException exception) @nogc;
-}
-
-/**
- * Interface for TCP.
- */
-interface TransmissionControlProtocol  : Protocol
-{
-}

source/tanya/async/transport.d

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This module contains transports which are responsible for data dilvery
- * between two parties of an asynchronous communication.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/transport.d,
- *                 tanya/async/transport.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.transport;
-
-import tanya.async.protocol;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-/**
- * Base transport interface.
- */
-interface Transport
-{
-}
-
-/**
- * Interface for read-only transports.
- */
-interface ReadTransport : Transport
-{
-}
-
-/**
- * Interface for write-only transports.
- */
-interface WriteTransport : Transport
-{
-    /**
-     * Write some data to the transport.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  data = Data to send.
-     */
-    void write(ubyte[] data) @nogc;
-}
-
-/**
- * Represents a bidirectional transport.
- */
-interface DuplexTransport : ReadTransport, WriteTransport
-{
-    /**
-     * Returns: Application protocol.
-     *
-     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
-     */
-    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    out (protocol)
-    {
-        assert(protocol !is null);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Switches the protocol.
-     *
-     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  protocol = Application protocol.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
-     */
-    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(protocol !is null);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
-     */
-    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Close the transport.
-     *
-     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
-     */
-    void close() @nogc;
-}
-
-/**
- * Represents a socket transport.
- */
-interface SocketTransport : Transport
-{
-    /**
-     * Returns: Socket.
-     */
-    @property Socket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-}

source/tanya/async/watcher.d

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Watchers register user's interest in some event.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/async/watcher.d,
- *                 tanya/async/watcher.d)
- */
-module tanya.async.watcher;
-
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.protocol;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.container.buffer;
-import tanya.container.list;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-
-/**
- * A watcher is an opaque structure that you allocate and register to record
- * your interest in some event. 
- */
-abstract class Watcher
-{
-    /// Whether the watcher is active.
-    bool active;
-
-    /**
-     * Invoke some action on event.
-     */
-    void invoke() @nogc;
-}
-
-version (unittest)
-{
-    final class DummyWatcher : Watcher
-    {
-        bool invoked;
-
-        override void invoke() @nogc
-        {
-            this.invoked = true;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Socket watcher.
- */
-abstract class SocketWatcher : Watcher
-{
-    /// Watched socket.
-    protected Socket socket_;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  socket = Socket.
-     *
-     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
-     */
-    this(Socket socket) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(socket !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        socket_ = socket;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Socket.
-     */
-    @property Socket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return socket_;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Connection watcher.
- */
-class ConnectionWatcher : SocketWatcher
-{
-    /// Incoming connection queue.
-    DList!DuplexTransport incoming;
-
-    private Protocol delegate() @nogc protocolFactory;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  socket = Socket.
-     */
-    this(Socket socket) @nogc
-    {
-        super(socket);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  P = Protocol should be used.
-     */
-    void setProtocol(P : Protocol)() @nogc
-    {
-        this.protocolFactory = () @nogc => cast(Protocol) defaultAllocator.make!P;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Invokes new connection callback.
-     */
-    override void invoke() @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(protocolFactory !is null, "Protocol isn't set.");
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        for (; !this.incoming.empty; this.incoming.removeFront())
-        {
-            this.incoming.front.protocol = protocolFactory();
-            this.incoming.front.protocol.connected(this.incoming.front);
-        }
-    }
-}

source/tanya/container/array.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Single-dimensioned array.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2021.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -15,19 +15,15 @@
 module tanya.container.array;
 
 import core.checkedint;
-import std.algorithm.mutation : bringToFront,
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
-                                copy,
+import std.algorithm.iteration;
-                                fill,
+import std.algorithm.mutation : bringToFront;
-                                initializeAll,
-                                uninitializedFill;
-import std.meta;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.exception;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
+import tanya.range;
 
 /**
  * Random-access range for the $(D_PSYMBOL Array).
@@ -49,7 +45,8 @@ struct Range(A)
         assert(this.end <= this.container.data + this.container.length);
     }
 
-    private this(ref A container, E* begin, E* end) @trusted
+    private this(return ref A container, return E* begin, return E* end)
+    @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(begin <= end);
@@ -164,7 +161,7 @@ struct Range(A)
         return typeof(return)(*this.container, this.begin + i, this.begin + j);
     }
 
-    inout(E)[] get() inout @trusted
+    inout(E)[] get() inout
     {
         return this.begin[0 .. length];
     }
@@ -216,7 +213,7 @@ struct Array(T)
      *  init      = Values to initialize the array with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(R)(R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this(R)(scope R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -269,7 +266,7 @@ struct Array(T)
         {
             // Move each element.
             reserve(init.length_);
-            foreach (ref target; this.data[0 .. init.length_])
+            foreach (ref target; slice(init.length_))
             {
                 moveEmplace(*init.data++, target);
             }
@@ -299,7 +296,9 @@ struct Array(T)
      *  init      = Initial value to fill the array with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(size_t len, T init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this()(size_t len,
+           auto ref T init,
+           shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
         this(allocator);
         reserve(len);
@@ -350,13 +349,17 @@ struct Array(T)
      */
     ~this()
     {
-        clear();
+        destroyAll(slice(this.length_));
-        (() @trusted => allocator.deallocate(slice(capacity)))();
+        deallocate();
     }
 
-    /**
+    private void deallocate() @trusted
-     * Copies the array.
+    {
-     */
+        allocator.deallocate(slice(capacity));
+    }
+
+    static if (isCopyable!T)
+    {
         this(this)
         {
             auto buf = slice(this.length);
@@ -364,6 +367,11 @@ struct Array(T)
             this.data = null;
             insertBack(buf);
         }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @disable this(this);
+    }
 
     /**
      * Removes all elements.
@@ -419,28 +427,20 @@ struct Array(T)
      */
     @property void length(size_t len) @trusted
     {
-        if (len == length)
+        if (len > length)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        else if (len > length)
         {
             reserve(len);
             initializeAll(this.data[length_ .. len]);
         }
         else
         {
-            static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+            destroyAll(this.data[len .. this.length_]);
+        }
+        if (len != length)
         {
-                const T* end = this.data + length_ - 1;
-                for (T* e = this.data + len; e != end; ++e)
-                {
-                    destroy(*e);
-                }
-            }
-        }
             length_ = len;
         }
+    }
 
     ///
     @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ struct Array(T)
                     destroy(*src);
                 }
             }
-            allocator.deallocate(this.data[0 .. this.capacity_]);
+            deallocate();
             this.data = cast(T*) buf;
         }
         this.capacity_ = size;
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ struct Array(T)
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_PARAM r) refers to a region of $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    Range remove(Range r)
+    Range remove(scope Range r)
     in
     {
         assert(r.container is &this);
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBack(R)(R el)
+    size_t insertBack(R)(scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -735,12 +735,7 @@ struct Array(T)
         {
             reserve(length + el.length);
         }
-        size_t retLength;
+        return fold!((acc, e) => acc + insertBack(e))(el, size_t.init);
-        foreach (e; el)
-        {
-            retLength += insertBack(e);
-        }
-        return retLength;
     }
 
     /// ditto
@@ -805,7 +800,7 @@ struct Array(T)
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_PARAM r) refers to a region of $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    size_t insertAfter(R)(Range r, R el)
+    size_t insertAfter(R)(Range r, scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -817,10 +812,11 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
     do
     {
-        const oldLen = length;
+        const oldLength = length;
-        const offset = r.end - this.data;
+        const after = r.end - this.data;
         const inserted = insertBack(el);
-        bringToFront(this.data[offset .. oldLen], this.data[oldLen .. length]);
+
+        bringToFront(this.data[after .. oldLength], this.data[oldLength .. length]);
         return inserted;
     }
 
@@ -865,7 +861,7 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, R el)
+    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
         && isInputRange!R
         && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1006,7 +1002,7 @@ struct Array(T)
      */
     ref T opIndexAssign(E : T)(auto ref E value, size_t pos)
     {
-        return opIndex(pos) = value;
+        return opIndex(pos) = forward!value;
     }
 
     /// ditto
@@ -1040,7 +1036,7 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    Range opIndexAssign(Range value)
+    Range opIndexAssign()(Range value)
     {
         return opSliceAssign(value, 0, length);
     }
@@ -1128,7 +1124,8 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    bool opEquals(Range that)
+    bool opEquals(R)(R that)
+    if (is(R == Range))
     {
         return equal(opIndex(), that);
     }
@@ -1334,7 +1331,7 @@ struct Array(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    Range opSliceAssign(Range value, size_t i, size_t j) @trusted
+    Range opSliceAssign()(Range value, size_t i, size_t j) @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(i <= j);
@@ -1376,13 +1373,13 @@ struct Array(T)
      *
      * Returns: The array with elements of this array.
      */
-    inout(T[]) get() inout @trusted
+    inout(T[]) get() inout
     {
         return this.data[0 .. length];
     }
 
     ///
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+    @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
     {
         auto v = Array!int([1, 2, 4]);
         auto data = v.get();
@@ -1438,7 +1435,7 @@ struct Array(T)
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(R that)
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(scope R that)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1498,197 +1495,3 @@ struct Array(T)
     assert(r.front == 7);
     assert(r.front == v.front);
 }
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    const v1 = Array!int();
-    const Array!int v2;
-    const v3 = Array!int([1, 5, 8]);
-    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(typeof(v3.data)) == const(int)));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    // Test that const arrays return usable ranges.
-    auto v = const Array!int([1, 2, 4]);
-    auto r1 = v[];
-
-    assert(r1.back == 4);
-    r1.popBack();
-    assert(r1.back == 2);
-    r1.popBack();
-    assert(r1.back == 1);
-    r1.popBack();
-    assert(r1.length == 0);
-
-    static assert(!is(typeof(r1[0] = 5)));
-    static assert(!is(typeof(v[0] = 5)));
-
-    const r2 = r1[];
-    static assert(is(typeof(r2[])));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Array!int v1;
-    const Array!int v2;
-
-    auto r1 = v1[];
-    auto r2 = v1[];
-
-    assert(r1.length == 0);
-    assert(r2.empty);
-    assert(r1 == r2);
-
-    v1.insertBack([1, 2, 4]);
-    assert(v1[] == v1);
-    assert(v2[] == v2);
-    assert(v2[] != v1);
-    assert(v1[] != v2);
-    assert(v1[].equal(v1[]));
-    assert(v2[].equal(v2[]));
-    assert(!v1[].equal(v2[]));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    struct MutableEqualsStruct
-    {
-        int opEquals(typeof(this) that) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    struct ConstEqualsStruct
-    {
-        int opEquals(const typeof(this) that) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    auto v1 = Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
-    auto v2 = Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
-    assert(v1 == v2);
-    assert(v1[] == v2);
-    assert(v1 == v2[]);
-    assert(v1[].equal(v2[]));
-
-    auto v3 = const Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
-    auto v4 = const Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
-    assert(v3 == v4);
-    assert(v3[] == v4);
-    assert(v3 == v4[]);
-    assert(v3[].equal(v4[]));
-
-    auto v7 = Array!MutableEqualsStruct(1, MutableEqualsStruct());
-    auto v8 = Array!MutableEqualsStruct(1, MutableEqualsStruct());
-    assert(v7 == v8);
-    assert(v7[] == v8);
-    assert(v7 == v8[]);
-    assert(v7[].equal(v8[]));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    struct SWithDtor
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    auto v = Array!SWithDtor(); // Destructor can destroy empty arrays.
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    class A
-    {
-    }
-    A a1, a2;
-    auto v1 = Array!A([a1, a2]);
-
-    // Issue 232: https://issues.caraus.io/issues/232.
-    static assert(is(Array!(A*)));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto v = Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
-    {
-        size_t i;
-
-        foreach (e; v)
-        {
-            assert(i != 0 || e == 5);
-            assert(i != 1 || e == 15);
-            assert(i != 2 || e == 8);
-            ++i;
-        }
-        assert(i == 3);
-    }
-    {
-        size_t i = 3;
-
-        foreach_reverse (e; v)
-        {
-            --i;
-            assert(i != 2 || e == 8);
-            assert(i != 1 || e == 15);
-            assert(i != 0 || e == 5);
-        }
-        assert(i == 0);
-    }
-}
-
-// const constructor tests
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto v1 = const Array!int([1, 2, 3]);
-    auto v2 = Array!int(v1);
-    assert(v1.data !is v2.data);
-    assert(v1 == v2);
-
-    auto v3 = const Array!int(Array!int([1, 2, 3]));
-    assert(v1 == v3);
-    assert(v3.length == 3);
-    assert(v3.capacity == 3);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto v1 = Array!int(defaultAllocator);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Array!int v;
-    auto r = v[];
-    assert(r.length == 0);
-    assert(r.empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto v1 = const Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
-    Array!int v2;
-    v2 = v1[0 .. 2];
-    assert(equal(v1[0 .. 2], v2[]));
-}
-
-// Move assignment
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Array!int v1;
-    v1 = Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
-}
-
-// Postblit is safe
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto array = Array!int(3);
-    void func(Array!int arg)
-    {
-        assert(arg.capacity == 3);
-    }
-    func(array);
-}

source/tanya/container/buffer.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * This module contains buffers designed for C-style input/output APIs.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.buffer;
 
-import tanya.memory;
+import std.traits : isScalarType;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 
 version (unittest)
@@ -293,11 +294,6 @@ if (isScalarType!T)
     mixin DefaultAllocator;
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(ReadBuffer!int));
-}
-
 /**
  * Circular, self-expanding buffer with overflow support. Can be used with
  * functions returning the number of the transferred bytes.
@@ -331,7 +327,8 @@ if (isScalarType!T)
     invariant
     {
         assert(this.blockSize > 0);
-        // Position can refer to an element outside the buffer if the buffer is full.
+        // Position can refer to an element outside the buffer if the buffer is
+        // full.
         assert(this.position <= this.buffer_.length);
     }
 
@@ -649,11 +646,6 @@ if (isScalarType!T)
     mixin DefaultAllocator;
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof(WriteBuffer!int(5))));
-}
-
 @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
 {
     auto b = WriteBuffer!ubyte(4);

source/tanya/container/entry.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /*
  * Internal package used by containers that rely on entries/nodes.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2022.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.entry;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.typecons;
 
 package struct SEntry(T)
 {
@@ -54,17 +53,21 @@ package struct Bucket(K, V = void)
     }
     else
     {
-        alias KV = Tuple!(K, "key", V, "value");
+        package struct KV
+        {
+            package K key;
+            package V value;
+        }
         KV kv;
     }
     BucketStatus status = BucketStatus.empty;
 
-    this(ref K key)
+    this()(ref K key)
     {
         this.key = key;
     }
 
-    @property void key(ref K key)
+    @property void key()(ref K key)
     {
         this.key() = key;
         this.status = BucketStatus.used;
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ package static immutable size_t[33] primes = [
     805306457, 1610612741, 3221225473
 ];
 
-package struct HashArray(alias hasher, K, V = void)
+package(tanya.container) struct HashArray(alias hasher, K, V = void)
 {
     alias Key = K;
     alias Value = V;
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ package struct HashArray(alias hasher, K, V = void)
         .swap(this.length, data.length);
     }
 
-    void opAssign(ref typeof(this) that)
+    void opAssign()(ref typeof(this) that)
     {
         this.array = that.array;
         this.lengthIndex = that.lengthIndex;

source/tanya/container/hashtable.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Hash table.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2021.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.hashtable;
 
+import std.algorithm.iteration;
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.container.entry;
 import tanya.hash.lookup;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range.primitive;
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ struct Range(T)
         return this.dataRange.empty();
     }
 
-    @property void popFront()
+    void popFront()
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ struct Range(T)
         while (!empty && dataRange.front.status != BucketStatus.used);
     }
 
-    @property void popBack()
+    void popBack()
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ struct ByValue(T)
  *  hasher = Hash function for $(D_PARAM Key).
  */
 struct HashTable(Key, Value, alias hasher = hash)
-if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
+if (isHashFunction!(hasher, Key))
 {
     private alias HashArray = .HashArray!(hasher, Key, Value);
     private alias Buckets = HashArray.Buckets;
@@ -500,8 +502,8 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null).
      */
-    this(R)(R range, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this(R)(scope R range, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
-    if (isForwardRange!R && is(ElementType!R == KeyValue))
+    if (isForwardRange!R && is(ElementType!R == KeyValue) && !isInfinite!R)
     in
     {
         assert(allocator !is null);
@@ -542,6 +544,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
     }
     do
     {
+        this(allocator);
         insert(array[]);
     }
 
@@ -759,7 +762,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Returns: The number of the inserted elements with a unique key.
      */
-    size_t insert(ref KeyValue keyValue)
+    size_t insert()(ref KeyValue keyValue)
     {
         auto e = ((ref v) @trusted => &this.data.insert(v))(keyValue.key);
         size_t inserted;
@@ -773,7 +776,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insert(KeyValue keyValue)
+    size_t insert()(KeyValue keyValue)
     {
         auto e = ((ref v) @trusted => &this.data.insert(v))(keyValue.key);
         size_t inserted;
@@ -810,15 +813,10 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Returns: The number of the inserted elements with a unique key.
      */
-    size_t insert(R)(R range)
+    size_t insert(R)(scope R range)
-    if (isForwardRange!R && is(ElementType!R == KeyValue))
+    if (isForwardRange!R && is(ElementType!R == KeyValue) && !isInfinite!R)
     {
-        size_t count;
+        return fold!((acc, x) => acc + insert(x))(range, size_t.init);
-        foreach (e; range)
-        {
-            count += insert(e);
-        }
-        return count;
     }
 
     ///
@@ -1084,116 +1082,3 @@ if (is(typeof(((Key k) => hasher(k))(Key.init)) == size_t))
     dinos.clear();
     assert(dinos.empty);
 }
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    import tanya.range.primitive : isForwardRange;
-    static assert(is(HashTable!(string, int) a));
-    static assert(is(const HashTable!(string, int)));
-    static assert(isForwardRange!(HashTable!(string, int).Range));
-
-    static assert(is(HashTable!(int, int, (ref const int) => size_t.init)));
-    static assert(is(HashTable!(int, int, (int) => size_t.init)));
-}
-
-// Constructs by reference
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto hashTable1 = HashTable!(string, int)(7);
-    auto hashTable2 = HashTable!(string, int)(hashTable1);
-    assert(hashTable1.length == hashTable2.length);
-    assert(hashTable1.capacity == hashTable2.capacity);
-}
-
-// Constructs by value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto hashTable = HashTable!(string, int)(HashTable!(string, int)(7));
-    assert(hashTable.capacity == 7);
-}
-
-// Assigns by reference
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto hashTable1 = HashTable!(string, int)(7);
-    HashTable!(string, int) hashTable2;
-    hashTable1 = hashTable2;
-    assert(hashTable1.length == hashTable2.length);
-    assert(hashTable1.capacity == hashTable2.capacity);
-}
-
-// Assigns by value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    HashTable!(string, int) hashTable;
-    hashTable = HashTable!(string, int)(7);
-    assert(hashTable.capacity == 7);
-}
-
-// Postblit copies
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto hashTable = HashTable!(string, int)(7);
-    void testFunc(HashTable!(string, int) hashTable)
-    {
-        assert(hashTable.capacity == 7);
-    }
-    testFunc(hashTable);
-}
-
-// Issue 53: https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/issues/53
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    {
-        HashTable!(uint, uint) hashTable;
-        foreach (uint i; 0 .. 14)
-        {
-            hashTable[i + 1] = i;
-        }
-        assert(hashTable.length == 14);
-    }
-    {
-        HashTable!(int, int) hashtable;
-
-        hashtable[1194250162] = 3;
-        hashtable[-1131293824] = 6;
-        hashtable[838100082] = 9;
-
-        hashtable.rehash(11);
-
-        assert(hashtable[-1131293824] == 6);
-    }
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct String
-    {
-        bool opEquals(string) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        bool opEquals(ref const string) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        bool opEquals(String) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        bool opEquals(ref const String) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        size_t toHash() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(is(typeof("asdf" in HashTable!(String, int)())));
-    static assert(is(typeof(HashTable!(String, int)()["asdf"])));
-}

source/tanya/container/list.d

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * This module contains singly-linked ($(D_PSYMBOL SList)) and doubly-linked
  * ($(D_PSYMBOL DList)) lists.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2021.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.list;
 
-import std.algorithm.searching;
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
+import std.algorithm.iteration;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.entry;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range.array;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ struct SRange(L)
         assert(this.head !is null);
     }
 
-    private this(ref EntryPointer head) @trusted
+    private this(return ref EntryPointer head) @trusted
     {
         this.head = &head;
     }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ struct SList(T)
      *  init      = Values to initialize the list with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(R)(R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this(R)(scope R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ struct SList(T)
      *  init      = Initial value to fill the list with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(size_t len, T init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this()(size_t len,
-    @trusted
+           auto ref T init,
+           shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
         this(allocator);
         if (len == 0)
@@ -183,7 +184,18 @@ struct SList(T)
     /// ditto
     this(size_t len, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
-        this(len, T.init, allocator);
+        this(allocator);
+        if (len == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Entry* next = this.head = allocator.make!Entry();
+        foreach (i; 1 .. len)
+        {
+            next.next = allocator.make!Entry();
+            next = next.next;
+        }
     }
 
     ///
@@ -272,15 +284,19 @@ struct SList(T)
         clear();
     }
 
-    /**
+    static if (isCopyable!T)
-     * Copies the list.
+    {
-     */
         this(this)
         {
             auto list = typeof(this)(this[], this.allocator);
             this.head = list.head;
             list.head = null;
         }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @disable this(this);
+    }
 
     ///
     @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -376,7 +392,7 @@ struct SList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertFront(R)(R el) @trusted
+    size_t insertFront(R)(scope R el) @trusted
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -481,7 +497,7 @@ struct SList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, R el)
+    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
         && isInputRange!R
         && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -513,7 +529,7 @@ struct SList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBefore(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
+    size_t insertBefore()(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(checkRangeBelonging(r));
@@ -688,7 +704,7 @@ struct SList(T)
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_PARAM r) is extracted from this list.
      */
-    Range remove(Range r)
+    Range remove(scope Range r)
     in
     {
         assert(checkRangeBelonging(r));
@@ -830,7 +846,7 @@ struct SList(T)
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(R that) @trusted
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(scope R that) @trusted
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -908,46 +924,6 @@ struct SList(T)
     assert(i == 3);
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    interface Stuff
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(SList!Stuff));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l = SList!int(0, 0);
-    assert(l.empty);
-}
-
-// foreach called using opIndex().
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    SList!int l;
-    size_t i;
-
-    l.insertFront(5);
-    l.insertFront(4);
-    l.insertFront(9);
-    foreach (e; l)
-    {
-        assert(i != 0 || e == 9);
-        assert(i != 1 || e == 4);
-        assert(i != 2 || e == 5);
-        ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l1 = SList!int();
-    auto l2 = SList!int([9, 4]);
-    l1 = l2[];
-    assert(l1 == l2);
-}
-
 /**
  * Bidirectional range for the $(D_PSYMBOL DList).
  *
@@ -968,7 +944,8 @@ struct DRange(L)
         assert(this.tail !is null);
     }
 
-    private this(ref EntryPointer head, ref EntryPointer tail) @trusted
+    private this(return ref EntryPointer head, return ref EntryPointer tail)
+    @trusted
     {
         this.head = &head;
         this.tail = &tail;
@@ -1067,13 +1044,15 @@ struct DList(T)
     // 0th and the last elements of the list.
     private Entry* head, tail;
 
+    static if (__VERSION__ < 2086) // Bug #20171.
+    {
         invariant
         {
-        assert((this.tail is null && this.head is null)
+            assert((this.tail is null) == (this.head is null));
-            || (this.tail !is null && this.head !is null));
             assert(this.tail is null || this.tail.next is null);
             assert(this.head is null || this.head.prev is null);
         }
+    }
 
     /**
      * Creates a new $(D_PSYMBOL DList) with the elements from a static array.
@@ -1104,7 +1083,7 @@ struct DList(T)
      *  init      = Values to initialize the list with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(R)(R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this(R)(scope R init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1121,8 +1100,9 @@ struct DList(T)
      *  init      = Initial value to fill the list with.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
      */
-    this(size_t len, T init, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this()(size_t len,
-    @trusted
+           auto ref T init,
+           shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
         this(allocator);
         if (len == 0)
@@ -1151,7 +1131,20 @@ struct DList(T)
     /// ditto
     this(size_t len, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
-        this(len, T.init, allocator);
+        this(allocator);
+        if (len == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Entry* next = this.head = allocator.make!Entry();
+        foreach (i; 1 .. len)
+        {
+            next.next = allocator.make!Entry();
+            next.next.prev = next;
+            next = next.next;
+        }
+        this.tail = next;
     }
 
     ///
@@ -1243,9 +1236,8 @@ struct DList(T)
         clear();
     }
 
-    /**
+    static if (isCopyable!T)
-     * Copies the list.
+    {
-     */
         this(this)
         {
             auto list = typeof(this)(this[], this.allocator);
@@ -1253,6 +1245,11 @@ struct DList(T)
             this.tail = list.tail;
             list.head = list .tail = null;
         }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @disable this(this);
+    }
 
     ///
     @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
@@ -1349,7 +1346,8 @@ struct DList(T)
 
     // Creates a lsit of linked entries from a range.
     // Returns count of the elements in the list.
-    private size_t makeList(R)(ref R el, out Entry* head, out Entry* tail) @trusted
+    private size_t makeList(R)(scope ref R el, out Entry* head, out Entry* tail)
+    @trusted
     out (retLength)
     {
         assert((retLength == 0 && head is null && tail is null)
@@ -1423,7 +1421,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertFront(R)(R el)
+    size_t insertFront(R)(scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1542,7 +1540,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBack(R)(R el) @trusted
+    size_t insertBack(R)(scope R el) @trusted
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1642,7 +1640,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBefore(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
+    size_t insertBefore()(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(checkRangeBelonging(r));
@@ -1677,7 +1675,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, R el)
+    size_t insertBefore(R)(Range r, scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
         && isInputRange!R
         && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1759,7 +1757,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertAfter(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
+    size_t insertAfter()(Range r, ref T el) @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(checkRangeBelonging(r));
@@ -1794,7 +1792,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
 
     /// ditto
-    size_t insertAfter(R)(Range r, R el)
+    size_t insertAfter(R)(Range r, scope R el)
     if (!isInfinite!R
         && isInputRange!R
         && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -1804,12 +1802,7 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
     do
     {
-        size_t inserted;
+        return fold!((acc, x) => acc + insertAfter(r, x))(el, size_t.init);
-        foreach (e; el)
-        {
-            inserted += insertAfter(r, e);
-        }
-        return inserted;
     }
 
     ///
@@ -2037,7 +2030,7 @@ struct DList(T)
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_PARAM r) is extracted from this list.
      */
-    Range remove(Range r)
+    Range remove(scope Range r)
     in
     {
         assert(checkRangeBelonging(r));
@@ -2207,7 +2200,7 @@ struct DList(T)
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(R that) @trusted
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign(R)(scope R that) @trusted
     if (!isInfinite!R
      && isInputRange!R
      && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
@@ -2284,75 +2277,3 @@ struct DList(T)
     }
     assert(i == 3);
 }
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    class A
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(SList!(A*)));
-    static assert(is(DList!(A*)));
-}
-
-// Removes all elements
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l = DList!int([5]);
-    assert(l.remove(l[]).empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l1 = DList!int([5, 234, 30, 1]);
-    auto l2 = DList!int([5, 1]);
-    auto r = l1[];
-
-    r.popFront();
-    r.popBack();
-    assert(r.front == 234);
-    assert(r.back == 30);
-
-    assert(!l1.remove(r).empty);
-    assert(l1 == l2);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l = DList!int(0, 0);
-    assert(l.empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l1 = DList!int([5, 234]);
-    assert(l1.head is l1.head.next.prev);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    DList!int l;
-    l.insertAfter(l[], 234);
-    assert(l.front == 234);
-    assert(l.back == 234);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l1 = DList!int();
-    auto l2 = DList!int([9, 4]);
-    l1 = l2[];
-    assert(l1 == l2);
-}
-
-// Sets the new head
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto l1 = DList!int([5, 234, 30, 1]);
-    auto l2 = DList!int([1]);
-    auto r = l1[];
-
-    r.popBack();
-
-    assert(!l1.remove(r).empty);
-    assert(l1 == l2);
-}

source/tanya/container/package.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Abstract data types whose instances are collections of other objects.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)

source/tanya/container/set.d

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * This module implements a $(D_PSYMBOL Set) container that stores unique
  * values without any particular order.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ module tanya.container.set;
 import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.container.entry;
 import tanya.hash.lookup;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range.primitive;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ struct Range(T)
         return this.dataRange.empty();
     }
 
-    @property void popFront()
+    void popFront()
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ struct Range(T)
         while (!empty && dataRange.front.status != BucketStatus.used);
     }
 
-    @property void popBack()
+    void popBack()
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ struct Range(T)
  *  hasher = Hash function for $(D_PARAM T).
  */
 struct Set(T, alias hasher = hash)
-if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
+if (isHashFunction!(hasher, T))
 {
     private alias HashArray = .HashArray!(hasher, T);
     private alias Buckets = HashArray.Buckets;
@@ -258,14 +259,17 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null).
      */
-    this(R)(R range, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this(R)(scope R range, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
-    if (isForwardRange!R && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
+    if (isForwardRange!R
+     && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T)
+     && !isInfinite!R)
     in
     {
         assert(allocator !is null);
     }
     do
     {
+        this(allocator);
         insert(range);
     }
 
@@ -296,6 +300,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
     }
     do
     {
+        this(allocator);
         insert(array[]);
     }
 
@@ -459,7 +464,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Returns: Amount of new elements inserted.
      */
-    size_t insert(ref T value)
+    size_t insert()(ref T value)
     {
         auto e = ((ref v) @trusted => &this.data.insert(v))(value);
         if (e.status != BucketStatus.used)
@@ -470,7 +475,7 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
         return 0;
     }
 
-    size_t insert(T value)
+    size_t insert()(T value)
     {
         auto e = ((ref v) @trusted => &this.data.insert(v))(value);
         if (e.status != BucketStatus.used)
@@ -508,8 +513,10 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
      *
      * Returns: The number of new elements inserted.
      */
-    size_t insert(R)(R range)
+    size_t insert(R)(scope R range)
-    if (isForwardRange!R && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T))
+    if (isForwardRange!R
+     && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!R, T)
+     && !isInfinite!R)
     {
         size_t count;
         foreach (e; range)
@@ -637,139 +644,3 @@ if (is(typeof(((T x) => hasher(x))(T.init)) == size_t))
         assert(set[].back == 8);
     }
 }
-
-// Basic insertion logic.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Set!int set;
-
-    assert(set.insert(5) == 1);
-    assert(5 in set);
-    assert(set.data.array.length == 3);
-
-    assert(set.insert(5) == 0);
-    assert(5 in set);
-    assert(set.data.array.length == 3);
-
-    assert(set.insert(9) == 1);
-    assert(9 in set);
-    assert(5 in set);
-    assert(set.data.array.length == 3);
-
-    assert(set.insert(7) == 1);
-    assert(set.insert(8) == 1);
-    assert(8 in set);
-    assert(5 in set);
-    assert(9 in set);
-    assert(7 in set);
-    assert(set.data.array.length == 7);
-
-    assert(set.insert(16) == 1);
-    assert(16 in set);
-    assert(set.data.array.length == 7);
-}
-
-// Static checks.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    import tanya.range.primitive;
-
-    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(Set!int.ConstRange));
-    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(Set!int.Range));
-
-    static assert(!isInfinite!(Set!int.Range));
-    static assert(!hasLength!(Set!int.Range));
-
-    static assert(is(Set!uint));
-    static assert(is(Set!long));
-    static assert(is(Set!ulong));
-    static assert(is(Set!short));
-    static assert(is(Set!ushort));
-    static assert(is(Set!bool));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    const Set!int set;
-    assert(set[].empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Set!int set;
-    set.insert(8);
-
-    auto r1 = set[];
-    auto r2 = r1.save();
-
-    r1.popFront();
-    assert(r1.empty);
-
-    r2.popBack();
-    assert(r2.empty);
-}
-
-// Initial capacity is 0.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set = Set!int(defaultAllocator);
-    assert(set.capacity == 0);
-}
-
-// Capacity is set to a prime.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set = Set!int(8);
-    assert(set.capacity == 13);
-}
-
-// Constructs by reference
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set1 = Set!int(7);
-    auto set2 = Set!int(set1);
-    assert(set1.length == set2.length);
-    assert(set1.capacity == set2.capacity);
-}
-
-// Constructs by value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set = Set!int(Set!int(7));
-    assert(set.capacity == 7);
-}
-
-// Assigns by reference
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set1 = Set!int(7);
-    Set!int set2;
-    set1 = set2;
-    assert(set1.length == set2.length);
-    assert(set1.capacity == set2.capacity);
-}
-
-// Assigns by value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Set!int set;
-    set = Set!int(7);
-    assert(set.capacity == 7);
-}
-
-// Postblit copies
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto set = Set!int(7);
-    void testFunc(Set!int set)
-    {
-        assert(set.capacity == 7);
-    }
-    testFunc(set);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    // Using hasher that takes argument by ref.
-    Set!(int, (const ref x) => cast(size_t)x) set;
-}

source/tanya/container/string.d

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  * Internally $(D_PSYMBOL String) is represented by a sequence of
  * $(D_KEYWORD char)s.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -26,23 +26,17 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.string;
 
-import std.algorithm.comparison : cmp;
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
 import std.algorithm.mutation : bringToFront;
-import std.algorithm.searching;
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.hash.lookup;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range.array;
 import tanya.range.primitive;
 
-version (unittest)
-{
-    import tanya.test.assertion;
-}
-
 /**
  * Thrown on encoding errors.
  */
@@ -342,7 +336,7 @@ struct String
     private char* data;
     private size_t capacity_;
 
-    pure nothrow @safe @nogc invariant
+    @nogc nothrow pure @safe invariant
     {
         assert(this.length_ <= this.capacity_);
     }
@@ -500,12 +494,6 @@ struct String
         }
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        auto s = String(0, 'K');
-        assert(s.length == 0);
-    }
-
     this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
     {
         auto buf = this.data[0 .. this.length_];
@@ -605,13 +593,6 @@ struct String
         return ret;
     }
 
-    // Allocates enough space for 3-byte character.
-    @nogc pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        String s;
-        s.insertBack('\u8100');
-    }
-
     /// ditto
     size_t insertBack(const dchar chr) @nogc pure @trusted
     {
@@ -633,12 +614,6 @@ struct String
         }
     }
 
-    @nogc pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        assertThrown!UTFException(() => String(1, cast(dchar) 0xd900));
-        assertThrown!UTFException(() => String(1, cast(wchar) 0xd900));
-    }
-
     /**
      * Inserts a stringish range at the end of the string.
      *
@@ -1421,40 +1396,18 @@ struct String
         return opSliceAssign(value, 0, length);
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        auto s1 = String("Buttercup");
-        auto s2 = String("Cap");
-        s2[] = s1[6 .. $];
-        assert(s2 == "cup");
-    }
-
     /// ditto
     ByCodeUnit!char opIndexAssign(const char value) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         return opSliceAssign(value, 0, length);
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        auto s1 = String("Wow");
-        s1[] = 'a';
-        assert(s1 == "aaa");
-    }
-
     /// ditto
     ByCodeUnit!char opIndexAssign(const char[] value) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         return opSliceAssign(value, 0, length);
     }
 
-    @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-    {
-        auto s1 = String("ö");
-        s1[] = "oe";
-        assert(s1 == "oe");
-    }
-
     /**
      * Remove all characters beloning to $(D_PARAM r).
      *
@@ -1486,6 +1439,8 @@ struct String
     ///
     @nogc pure @safe unittest
     {
+        import std.algorithm.searching : count;
+
         auto s = String("Из пословицы слова не выкинешь.");
 
         assert(s.remove(s[5 .. 24]).length == 33);
@@ -1531,11 +1486,10 @@ struct String
     do
     {
         const oldLength = length;
-        const rangeEnd = r.end - this.data;
+        const after = r.end - this.data;
         const inserted = insertBack(el);
-        auto containerEnd = this.data + oldLength;
+
-        bringToFront(ByCodeUnit!char(this, this.data + rangeEnd, containerEnd),
+        bringToFront(this.data[after .. oldLength], this.data[oldLength .. length]);
-                     ByCodeUnit!char(this, containerEnd, this.data + length));
         return inserted;
     }
 
@@ -1592,76 +1546,3 @@ struct String
 
     mixin DefaultAllocator;
 }
-
-// Postblit works
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    void internFunc(String arg)
-    {
-    }
-    void middleFunc(S...)(S args)
-    {
-        foreach (arg; args)
-        {
-            internFunc(arg);
-        }
-    }
-    void topFunc(String args)
-    {
-        middleFunc(args);
-    }
-    topFunc(String("asdf"));
-}
-
-// Const range produces mutable ranges
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto s = const String("И снизу лед, и сверху - маюсь между.");
-    {
-        const constRange = s[];
-
-        auto fromConstRange = constRange[];
-        fromConstRange.popFront();
-        assert(fromConstRange.front == s[1]);
-
-        fromConstRange = constRange[0 .. $];
-        fromConstRange.popFront();
-        assert(fromConstRange.front == s[1]);
-
-        assert(constRange.get() is s.get());
-    }
-    {
-        const constRange = s.byCodePoint();
-
-        auto fromConstRange = constRange[];
-        fromConstRange.popFront();
-        assert(fromConstRange.front == ' ');
-    }
-}
-
-// Can pop multibyte characters
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto s = String("\U00024B62\U00002260");
-    auto range = s.byCodePoint();
-
-    range.popFront();
-    assert(!range.empty);
-
-    range.popFront();
-    assert(range.empty);
-
-    range = s.byCodePoint();
-    range.popFront();
-    s[$ - 3] = 0xf0;
-    assertThrown!UTFException(&(range.popFront));
-}
-
-// Inserts own char range correctly
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto s1 = String(`ü`);
-    String s2;
-    s2.insertBack(s1[]);
-    assert(s1 == s2);
-}

source/tanya/conv.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * This module provides functions for converting between different types.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,236 +14,12 @@
  */
 module tanya.conv;
 
+import std.traits : Unsigned, isNumeric;
 import tanya.container.string;
-import tanya.format;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.memory.op;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.range.array;
+import tanya.range;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
-
-version (unittest)
-{
-    import tanya.test.assertion;
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new object of type $(D_PARAM T) in $(D_PARAM memory) with the
- * given arguments.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is a $(D_KEYWORD class), emplace returns a class reference
- * of type $(D_PARAM T), otherwise a pointer to the constructed object is
- * returned.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class inside another class, $(D_PARAM outer)
- * should be an instance of the outer class.
- *
- * $(D_PARAM args) are arguments for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T). If
- * $(D_PARAM T) isn't an aggregate type and doesn't have a constructor,
- * $(D_PARAM memory) can be initialized to `args[0]` if `Args.length == 1`,
- * `Args[0]` should be implicitly convertible to $(D_PARAM T) then.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T     = Constructed type.
- *  U     = Type of the outer class if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
- *  Args  = Types of the constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor
- *          or the type of the initial value.
- *  outer = Outer class instance if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
- *  args  = Constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor or the
- *          initial value.
- *
- * Returns: New instance of type $(D_PARAM T) constructed in $(D_PARAM memory).
- *
- * Precondition: `memory.length == stateSize!T`.
- * Postcondition: $(D_PARAM memory) and the result point to the same memory.
- */
-T emplace(T, U, Args...)(void[] memory, U outer, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isAbstractClass!T && isInnerClass!T && is(typeof(T.outer) == U))
-in
-{
-    assert(memory.length >= stateSize!T);
-}
-out (result)
-{
-    assert(memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)());
-}
-do
-{
-    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
-
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
-    result.outer = outer;
-
-    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (is(T == class) && !isAbstractClass!T && !isInnerClass!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(memory.length == stateSize!T);
-}
-out (result)
-{
-    assert(memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)());
-}
-do
-{
-    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
-
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
-    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    import tanya.memory : stateSize;
-
-    class C
-    {
-        int i = 5;
-        class Inner
-        {
-            int i;
-
-            this(int param) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-            {
-                this.i = param;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    ubyte[stateSize!C] memory1;
-    ubyte[stateSize!(C.Inner)] memory2;
-
-    auto c = emplace!C(memory1);
-    assert(c.i == 5);
-
-    auto inner = emplace!(C.Inner)(memory2, c, 8);
-    assert(c.i == 5);
-    assert(inner.i == 8);
-    assert(inner.outer is c);
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isAggregateType!T && (Args.length <= 1))
-in
-{
-    assert(memory.length >= T.sizeof);
-}
-out (result)
-{
-    assert(memory.ptr is result);
-}
-do
-{
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
-    static if (Args.length == 1)
-    {
-        *result = T(args[0]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        *result = T.init;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isPolymorphicType!T && isAggregateType!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(memory.length >= T.sizeof);
-}
-out (result)
-{
-    assert(memory.ptr is result);
-}
-do
-{
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
-    static if (!hasElaborateAssign!T && isAssignable!T)
-    {
-        *result = T.init;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static const T init = T.init;
-        copy((cast(void*) &init)[0 .. T.sizeof], memory);
-    }
-
-    static if (Args.length == 0)
-    {
-        static assert(is(typeof({ static T t; })),
-                      "Default constructor is disabled");
-    }
-    else static if (is(typeof(T(args))))
-    {
-        *result = T(args);
-    }
-    else static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false,
-                      "Unable to construct value with the given arguments");
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    ubyte[4] memory;
-
-    auto i = emplace!int(memory);
-    static assert(is(typeof(i) == int*));
-    assert(*i == 0);
-
-    i = emplace!int(memory, 5);
-    assert(*i == 5);
-
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int i;
-        @disable this();
-        @disable this(this);
-        this(int i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.i = i;
-        }
-    }
-    auto s = emplace!S(memory, 8);
-    static assert(is(typeof(s) == S*));
-    assert(s.i == 8);
-}
-
-// Handles "Cannot access frame pointer" error.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    struct F
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!F((void[]).init))));
-}
 
 /**
  * Thrown if a type conversion fails.
@@ -360,86 +136,6 @@ do
     return n;
 }
 
-// ':' is not a hex value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string colon = ":";
-    auto actual = readIntegral!ubyte(colon, 16);
-    assert(actual == 0);
-    assert(colon.length == 1);
-}
-
-// reads ubyte.max
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "255";
-    assert(readIntegral!ubyte(number) == 255);
-    assert(number.empty);
-}
-
-// detects integer overflow
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "500";
-    readIntegral!ubyte(number);
-    assert(number.front == '0');
-    assert(number.length == 1);
-}
-
-// stops on a non-digit
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "10-";
-    readIntegral!ubyte(number);
-    assert(number.front == '-');
-}
-
-// returns false if the number string is empty
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "";
-    readIntegral!ubyte(number);
-    assert(number.empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "29";
-    assert(readIntegral!ubyte(number) == 29);
-    assert(number.empty);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "25467";
-    readIntegral!ubyte(number);
-    assert(number.front == '6');
-}
-
-// Converts lower case hexadecimals
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "a";
-    assert(readIntegral!ubyte(number, 16) == 10);
-    assert(number.empty);
-}
-
-// Converts upper case hexadecimals
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "FF";
-    assert(readIntegral!ubyte(number, 16) == 255);
-    assert(number.empty);
-}
-
-// Handles small overflows
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    string number = "256";
-    assert(readIntegral!ubyte(number, 10) == 25);
-    assert(number.front == '6');
-}
-
 /**
  * If the source type $(D_PARAM From) and the target type $(D_PARAM To) are
  * equal, does nothing. If $(D_PARAM From) can be implicitly converted to
@@ -479,12 +175,6 @@ template to(To)
     static assert(is(typeof(val) == int));
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int val = 5;
-    assert(val.to!int() == 5);
-}
-
 /**
  * Performs checked conversion from an integral type $(D_PARAM From) to an
  * integral type $(D_PARAM To).
@@ -547,83 +237,6 @@ if (isIntegral!From
     }
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    // ubyte -> ushort
-    assert((cast(ubyte) 0).to!ushort == 0);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) 1).to!ushort == 1);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) (ubyte.max - 1)).to!ushort == ubyte.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) ubyte.max).to!ushort == ubyte.max);
-
-    // ubyte -> short
-    assert((cast(ubyte) 0).to!short == 0);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) 1).to!short == 1);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) (ubyte.max - 1)).to!short == ubyte.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(ubyte) ubyte.max).to!short == ubyte.max);
-}
-
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    // ubyte <- ushort
-    assert((cast(ushort) 0).to!ubyte == 0);
-    assert((cast(ushort) 1).to!ubyte == 1);
-    assert((cast(ushort) (ubyte.max - 1)).to!ubyte == ubyte.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(ushort) ubyte.max).to!ubyte == ubyte.max);
-
-    // ubyte <- short
-    assert((cast(short) 0).to!ubyte == 0);
-    assert((cast(short) 1).to!ubyte == 1);
-    assert((cast(short) (ubyte.max - 1)).to!ubyte == ubyte.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(short) ubyte.max).to!ubyte == ubyte.max);
-
-    // short <-> int
-    assert(short.min.to!int == short.min);
-    assert((short.min + 1).to!int == short.min + 1);
-    assert((cast(short) -1).to!int == -1);
-    assert((cast(short) 0).to!int == 0);
-    assert((cast(short) 1).to!int == 1);
-    assert((short.max - 1).to!int == short.max - 1);
-    assert(short.max.to!int == short.max);
-
-    assert((cast(int) short.min).to!short == short.min);
-    assert((cast(int) short.min + 1).to!short == short.min + 1);
-    assert((cast(int) -1).to!short == -1);
-    assert((cast(int) 0).to!short == 0);
-    assert((cast(int) 1).to!short == 1);
-    assert((cast(int) short.max - 1).to!short == short.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(int) short.max).to!short == short.max);
-
-    // uint <-> int
-    assert((cast(uint) 0).to!int == 0);
-    assert((cast(uint) 1).to!int == 1);
-    assert((cast(uint) (int.max - 1)).to!int == int.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(uint) int.max).to!int == int.max);
-
-    assert((cast(int) 0).to!uint == 0);
-    assert((cast(int) 1).to!uint == 1);
-    assert((cast(int) (int.max - 1)).to!uint == int.max - 1);
-    assert((cast(int) int.max).to!uint == int.max);
-}
-
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(short, int), int.min);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(short, int), int.max);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(ushort, uint), uint.max);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(uint, int), -1);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum Test : int
-    {
-        one,
-        two,
-    }
-    assert(Test.one.to!int == 0);
-    assert(Test.two.to!int == 1);
-}
-
 /**
  * Converts a floating point number to an integral type.
  *
@@ -666,13 +279,6 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!From
     assert(2147483646.5.to!uint == 2147483646);
 }
 
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(int, double), 2147483647.5);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(int, double), -2147483648.5);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(uint, double), -21474.5);
-}
-
 /**
  * Performs checked conversion from an integral type $(D_PARAM From) to an
  * $(D_KEYWORD enum).
@@ -714,16 +320,6 @@ if (isIntegral!From && is(To == enum))
     assert(1.to!Test == Test.two);
 }
 
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum Test : uint
-    {
-        one,
-        two,
-    }
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(Test, int), 5);
-}
-
 /**
  * Converts $(D_PARAM from) to a boolean.
  *
@@ -775,12 +371,6 @@ if (isNumeric!From && is(Unqual!To == bool) && !is(Unqual!To == Unqual!From))
     assert(1.to!bool);
 }
 
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(bool, int), -1);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(&to!(bool, int), 2);
-}
-
 /// ditto
 To to(To, From)(auto ref const From from)
 if ((is(From == String) || isSomeString!From) && is(Unqual!To == bool))
@@ -807,11 +397,6 @@ if ((is(From == String) || isSomeString!From) && is(Unqual!To == bool))
 
 }
 
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "1".to!bool);
-}
-
 /**
  * Converts a boolean to $(D_PARAM To).
  *
@@ -856,13 +441,6 @@ if (is(Unqual!From == bool) && isNumeric!To && !is(Unqual!To == Unqual!From))
     assert(false.to!int == 0);
 }
 
-deprecated("Use tanya.format.format instead")
-To to(To, From)(auto ref From from)
-if (is(Unqual!To == String))
-{
-    return format!"{}"(from);
-}
-
 /**
  * Converts a stringish range to an integral value.
  *
@@ -985,12 +563,5 @@ if (isInputRange!From && isSomeChar!(ElementType!From) && isIntegral!To)
     assert("010".to!int() == 8);
     assert("-010".to!int() == -8);
 
-
     assert("-128".to!byte == cast(byte) -128);
-
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "".to!int);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "-".to!int);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "-5".to!uint);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "-129".to!byte);
-    assertThrown!ConvException(() => "256".to!ubyte);
 }

source/tanya/encoding/ascii.d

@@ -1,501 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Functions operating on ASCII characters.
- *
- * ASCII is $(B A)merican $(B S)tandard $(B C)ode for $(B I)nformation
- * $(B I)nterchange.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/encoding/ascii.d,
- *                 tanya/encoding/ascii.d)
- */
-module tanya.encoding.ascii;
-
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-
-immutable string fullHexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEFabcdef"; /// 0..9A..Fa..f.
-immutable string hexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /// 0..9A..F.
-immutable string lowerHexDigits = "0123456789abcdef"; /// 0..9a..f.
-immutable string digits = "0123456789"; /// 0..9.
-immutable string octalDigits = "01234567"; /// 0..7.
-
-/// A..Za..z.
-immutable string letters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-
-immutable string uppercase = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; /// A..Z.
-immutable string lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; /// a..z.
-
-/**
- * Whitespace, Horizontal Tab (HT), Line Feed (LF), Carriage Return (CR),
- * Vertical Tab (VT) or Form Feed (FF).
- */
-immutable string whitespace = "\t\n\v\f\r ";
-
-/// Letter case specifier.
-enum LetterCase : bool
-{
-    upper, /// Uppercase.
-    lower, /// Lowercase.
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for an uppecase alphabetic character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is an uppercase alphabetic
- *          character, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isUpper(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z');
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isUpper('A'));
-    assert(isUpper('Z'));
-    assert(isUpper('L'));
-    assert(!isUpper('a'));
-    assert(!isUpper('!'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a lowercase alphabetic character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a lowercase alphabetic
- *          character, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isLower(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c >= 'a') && (c <= 'z');
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isLower('a'));
-    assert(isLower('z'));
-    assert(isLower('l'));
-    assert(!isLower('A'));
-    assert(!isLower('!'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for an alphabetic character (upper- or lowercase).
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is an alphabetic character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isAlpha(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return isUpper(c) || isLower(c);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isAlpha('A'));
-    assert(isAlpha('Z'));
-    assert(isAlpha('L'));
-    assert(isAlpha('a'));
-    assert(isAlpha('z'));
-    assert(isAlpha('l'));
-    assert(!isAlpha('!'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a digit.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a digit,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isDigit(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c >= '0') && (c <= '9');
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isDigit('0'));
-    assert(isDigit('1'));
-    assert(isDigit('2'));
-    assert(isDigit('3'));
-    assert(isDigit('4'));
-    assert(isDigit('5'));
-    assert(isDigit('6'));
-    assert(isDigit('7'));
-    assert(isDigit('8'));
-    assert(isDigit('9'));
-    assert(!isDigit('a'));
-    assert(!isDigit('!'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for an alphabetic character (upper- or lowercase) or a digit.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is an alphabetic character or a
- *          digit, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isAlphaNum(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return isAlpha(c) || isDigit(c);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isAlphaNum('0'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('1'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('9'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('A'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('Z'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('L'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('a'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('z'));
-    assert(isAlphaNum('l'));
-    assert(!isAlphaNum('!'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a 7-bit ASCII character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is an ASCII character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isASCII(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return c < 128;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isASCII('0'));
-    assert(isASCII('L'));
-    assert(isASCII('l'));
-    assert(isASCII('!'));
-    assert(!isASCII('©'));
-    assert(!isASCII('§'));
-    assert(!isASCII(char.init)); // 0xFF
-    assert(!isASCII(wchar.init)); // 0xFFFF
-    assert(!isASCII(dchar.init)); // 0xFFFF
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a control character.
- *
- * Control characters are non-printable characters. Their ASCII codes are those
- * between 0x00 (NUL) and 0x1f (US), and 0x7f (DEL).
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a control character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isPrintable),  $(D_PSYMBOL isGraphical).
- */
-bool isControl(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c <= 0x1f) || (c == 0x7f);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isControl('\t'));
-    assert(isControl('\0'));
-    assert(isControl('\u007f'));
-    assert(!isControl(' '));
-    assert(!isControl('a'));
-    assert(!isControl(char.init)); // 0xFF
-    assert(!isControl(wchar.init)); // 0xFFFF
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a whitespace character.
- *
- * Whitespace characters are:
- *
- * $(UL
- *  $(LI Whitespace)
- *  $(LI Horizontal Tab (HT))
- *  $(LI Line Feed (LF))
- *  $(LI Carriage Return (CR))
- *  $(LI Vertical Tab (VT))
- *  $(LI Form Feed (FF))
- * )
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a whitespace character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL whitespace).
- */
-bool isWhite(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return ((c >= 0x09) && (c <= 0x0d)) || (c == 0x20);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isWhite('\t'));
-    assert(isWhite('\n'));
-    assert(isWhite('\v'));
-    assert(isWhite('\f'));
-    assert(isWhite('\r'));
-    assert(isWhite(' '));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a graphical character.
- *
- * Graphical characters are printable characters but whitespace characters.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a control character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isControl), $(D_PSYMBOL isWhite).
- */
-bool isGraphical(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c > 0x20) && (c < 0x7f);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isGraphical('a'));
-    assert(isGraphical('0'));
-    assert(!isGraphical('\u007f'));
-    assert(!isGraphical('§'));
-    assert(!isGraphical('\n'));
-    assert(!isGraphical(' '));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a printable character.
- *
- * This is the opposite of a control character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a control character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isControl).
- */
-bool isPrintable(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c >= 0x20) && (c < 0x7f);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isPrintable('a'));
-    assert(isPrintable('0'));
-    assert(!isPrintable('\u007f'));
-    assert(!isPrintable('§'));
-    assert(!isPrintable('\n'));
-    assert(isPrintable(' '));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a hexadecimal digit.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a hexadecimal digit,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isHexDigit(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return ((c >= '0') && (c <= '9'))
-        || ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f'))
-        || ((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'F'));
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isHexDigit('0'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('1'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('8'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('9'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('A'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('F'));
-    assert(!isHexDigit('G'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('a'));
-    assert(isHexDigit('f'));
-    assert(!isHexDigit('g'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for an octal character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is an octal character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isOctalDigit(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return (c >= '0') && (c <= '7');
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isOctalDigit('0'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('1'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('2'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('3'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('4'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('5'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('6'));
-    assert(isOctalDigit('7'));
-    assert(!isOctalDigit('8'));
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks for a octal character.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM c) is a octal character,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isPunctuation(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return ((c >= 0x21) && (c <= 0x2f))
-        || ((c >= 0x3a) && (c <= 0x40))
-        || ((c >= 0x5b) && (c <= 0x60))
-        || ((c >= 0x7b) && (c <= 0x7e));
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(isPunctuation('!'));
-    assert(isPunctuation(':'));
-    assert(isPunctuation('\\'));
-    assert(isPunctuation('|'));
-    assert(!isPunctuation('0'));
-    assert(!isPunctuation(' '));
-}
-
-/**
- * Converts $(D_PARAM c) to uppercase.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM c) is not a lowercase character, $(D_PARAM c) is returned
- * unchanged.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: The lowercase of $(D_PARAM c) if available, just $(D_PARAM c)
- *          otherwise.
- */
-C toUpper(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return isLower(c) ? (cast(C) (c - 32)) : c;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(toUpper('a') == 'A');
-    assert(toUpper('A') == 'A');
-    assert(toUpper('!') == '!');
-}
-
-/**
- * Converts $(D_PARAM c) to lowercase.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM c) is not an uppercase character, $(D_PARAM c) is returned
- * unchanged.
- *
- * Params:
- *  C = Some character type.
- *  c = Some character.
- *
- * Returns: The uppercase of $(D_PARAM c) if available, just $(D_PARAM c)
- *          otherwise.
- */
-C toLower(C)(C c)
-if (isSomeChar!C)
-{
-    return isUpper(c) ? (cast(C) (c + 32)) : c;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(toLower('A') == 'a');
-    assert(toLower('a') == 'a');
-    assert(toLower('!') == '!');
-}

source/tanya/encoding/package.d

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This package provides tools to work with text encodings.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/encoding/package.d,
- *                 tanya/encoding/package.d)
- */
-module tanya.encoding;
-
-public import tanya.encoding.ascii;

source/tanya/exception.d

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Common exceptions and errors.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/exception.d,
- *                 tanya/exception.d)
- */
-module tanya.exception;
-
-import tanya.conv;
-import tanya.memory;
-
-/**
- * Error thrown if memory allocation fails.
- */
-final class OutOfMemoryError : Error
-{
-    /**
-     * Constructs new error.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  msg  = The message for the exception.
-     *  file = The file where the exception occurred.
-     *  line = The line number where the exception occurred.
-     *  next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
-     */
-    this(string msg = "Out of memory",
-         string file = __FILE__,
-         size_t line = __LINE__,
-         Throwable next = null) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    {
-        super(msg, file, line, next);
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    this(string msg,
-         Throwable next,
-         string file = __FILE__,
-         size_t line = __LINE__) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    {
-        super(msg, file, line, next);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Allocates $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) in a static storage and throws it.
- *
- * Params:
- *  msg = Custom error message.
- *
- * Throws: $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError).
- */
-void onOutOfMemoryError(string msg = "Out of memory")
-@nogc nothrow pure @trusted
-{
-    static ubyte[stateSize!OutOfMemoryError] memory;
-    alias PureType = OutOfMemoryError function(string) @nogc nothrow pure;
-    throw (cast(PureType) () => emplace!OutOfMemoryError(memory))(msg);
-}

source/tanya/format.d

@@ -17,11 +17,19 @@
  * To escape `{` or `}`, use `{{` and `}}` respectively. `{{` will be outputted
  * as a single `{`, `}}` - as a single `}`.
  *
- * If a custom data type (like $(D_KEYWORD struct) or $(D_KEYWORD class))
+ * To define the string representation for a custom data type (like
- * defines a `stringify()` function that is callable without arguments and
+ * $(D_KEYWORD class) or $(D_KEYWORD struct)), `toString()`-function can be
- * returns a $(D_PSYMBOL String), this function is used to produce a string
+ * implemented for that type. `toString()` should be $(D_KEYWORD const) and
- * representation for the value. String conversions for the most built-in
+ * accept exactly one argument: an output range for `const(char)[]`. It should
- * data types a also available.
+ * return the same output range, advanced after putting the corresponding value
+ * into it. That is `toString()` signature should look like:
+ *
+ * ---
+ * OR toString(OR)(OR range) const
+ * if (isOutputRange!(OR, const(char)[]));
+ * ---
+ *
+ * String conversions for the most built-in data types a also available.
  *
  * $(D_KEYWORD char), $(D_KEYWORD wchar) and $(D_KEYWORD dchar) ranges are
  * outputted as plain strings (without any delimiters between their elements).
@@ -30,7 +38,7 @@
  *
  * More advanced formatting is currently not implemented.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2022.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -39,17 +47,15 @@
  */
 module tanya.format;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
+import std.ascii;
 import tanya.container.string;
-import tanya.encoding.ascii;
 import tanya.math;
-import tanya.memory.op;
+static import tanya.memory.op;
 import tanya.meta.metafunction;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.range.array;
+import tanya.range;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
-import tanya.typecons : Tuple;
 
 // Returns the last part of buffer with converted number.
 package(tanya) char[] integral2String(T)(T number, return ref char[21] buffer)
@@ -117,18 +123,6 @@ if (isIntegral!T)
     return buffer[$ - l - 1 .. $ - 1];
 }
 
-// Converting an integer to string.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    char[21] buf;
-
-    assert(integral2String(80, buf) == "80");
-    assert(integral2String(-80, buf) == "-80");
-    assert(integral2String(0, buf) == "0");
-    assert(integral2String(uint.max, buf) == "4294967295");
-    assert(integral2String(int.min, buf) == "-2147483648");
-}
-
 private int frexp(const double x) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
 {
     const FloatBits!double bits = { x };
@@ -945,6 +939,12 @@ private struct uint128
 {
     ulong[2] data;
 
+    private struct DivMod
+    {
+        uint128 quotient;
+        uint128 remainder;
+    }
+
     this(ulong upper, ulong lower) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         this.data[0] = upper;
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ private struct uint128
         return this.data[1];
     }
 
-    Tuple!(uint128, uint128) divMod(ulong rhs) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    DivMod divMod(ulong rhs) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     in
     {
         assert(rhs != uint128(), "Division by 0");
@@ -1202,22 +1202,22 @@ private struct uint128
         typeof(return) result;
         for (ubyte x = this.bits; x > 0; --x)
         {
-            result[0]  = result[0] << 1;
+            result.quotient  = result.quotient << 1;
-            result[1] = result[1] << 1;
+            result.remainder = result.remainder << 1;
 
             if ((this >> (x - 1U)) & 1)
             {
-                ++result[1];
+                ++result.remainder;
             }
 
-            if (result[1] >= rhs)
+            if (result.remainder >= rhs)
             {
-                if (result[1].data[1] < rhs)
+                if (result.remainder.data[1] < rhs)
                 {
-                    --result[1].data[0];
+                    --result.remainder.data[0];
                 }
-                result[1].data[1] -= rhs;
+                result.remainder.data[1] -= rhs;
-                ++result[0];
+                ++result.quotient;
             }
         }
         return result;
@@ -1225,12 +1225,12 @@ private struct uint128
 
     uint128 opBinary(string op : "/")(ulong rhs)
     {
-        return divMod(rhs)[0];
+        return divMod(rhs).quotient;
     }
 
     uint128 opBinary(string op : "%")(ulong rhs) const
     {
-        return divMod(rhs)[1];
+        return divMod(rhs).remainder;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1307,12 +1307,12 @@ do
     enum ulong power19 = cast(ulong) 1e19;
 
     auto qr = leftBoundary.divMod(power19);
-    auto low = cast(ulong) qr[1];
+    auto low = cast(ulong) qr.remainder;
-    const lowFactor = cast(ulong) (qr[0] % power19);
+    const lowFactor = cast(ulong) (qr.quotient % power19);
 
     qr = rightBoundary.divMod(power19);
-    auto high = cast(ulong) qr[1];
+    auto high = cast(ulong) qr.remainder;
-    const highFactor = cast(ulong) (qr[0] % power19);
+    const highFactor = cast(ulong) (qr.quotient % power19);
     size_t digitIndex;
 
     if (lowFactor != highFactor)
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ do
         intSlice.popBack();
     }
     const begin = buffer.length - intSlice.length;
-    copy(intSlice, buffer[begin .. $]);
+    tanya.memory.op.copy(intSlice, buffer[begin .. $]);
 
     exponent = cast(int) (intSlice.length + mismatch);
 
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ do
 
     char[21] intBuffer;
     auto intSlice = integral2String(decimal, intBuffer);
-    copy(intSlice, buffer);
+    tanya.memory.op.copy(intSlice, buffer);
     exponent = cast(int) intSlice.length;
 
     size_t position = exponent;
@@ -1903,7 +1903,7 @@ private char[] errol3(double value,
         if (pathologies[middle].representation == bits.integral)
         {
             exponent = pathologies[middle].exponent;
-            copy(pathologies[middle].digits, buffer);
+            tanya.memory.op.copy(pathologies[middle].digits, buffer);
             return buffer[0 .. pathologies[middle].digits.length];
         }
         else if (pathologies[middle].representation < bits.integral)
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ private char[] errol3(double value,
  * $(D_PARAM sign).
  */
 private const(char)[] real2String(double value,
-                                  ref char[512] buffer,
+                                  return ref char[512] buffer,
                                   out int exponent,
                                   out bool sign) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
 {
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ private const(char)[] real2String(double value,
     }
 }
 
-private void formatReal(T)(ref T arg, ref String result)
+private void formatReal(T, OR)(ref T arg, OR result)
 if (isFloatingPoint!T)
 {
     char[512] buffer; // Big enough for e+308 or e-307.
@@ -2017,11 +2017,11 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
 
     if (negative)
     {
-        result.insertBack('-');
+        put(result, "-");
     }
     if (decimalPoint == special)
     {
-        result.insertBack(realString);
+        put(result, realString);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
         {
             length = precision + 1;
         }
-        realString[1 .. length].copy(bufferSlice);
+        tanya.memory.op.copy(realString[1 .. length], bufferSlice);
         bufferSlice.popFrontExactly(length - 1);
 
         // Dump the exponent.
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
                 n = precision;
             }
 
-            fill!'0'(bufferSlice[0 .. n]);
+            tanya.memory.op.fill!'0'(bufferSlice[0 .. n]);
             bufferSlice.popFrontExactly(n);
 
             if ((length + n) > precision)
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
                 length = precision - n;
             }
 
-            realString[0 .. length].copy(bufferSlice);
+            tanya.memory.op.copy(realString[0 .. length], bufferSlice);
             bufferSlice.popFrontExactly(length);
         }
         else if (cast(uint) decimalPoint >= length)
@@ -2142,7 +2142,7 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
             {
                 n = decimalPoint - n;
 
-                fill!'0'(bufferSlice[0 .. n]);
+                tanya.memory.op.fill!'0'(bufferSlice[0 .. n]);
                 bufferSlice.popFrontExactly(n);
             }
             if (precision != 0)
@@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
                 length = precision + decimalPoint;
             }
 
-            realString[n .. length].copy(bufferSlice);
+            tanya.memory.op.copy(realString[n .. length], bufferSlice);
             bufferSlice.popFrontExactly(length - n);
         }
     }
@@ -2181,11 +2181,11 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!T)
     // Get the length that we've copied.
     length = cast(uint) (buffer.length - bufferSlice.length);
 
-    result.insertBack(buffer[64 .. length]); // Number.
+    put(result, buffer[64 .. length]); // Number.
-    result.insertBack(tail[1 .. tail[0] + 1]); // Tail.
+    put(result, tail[1 .. tail[0] + 1]); // Tail.
 }
 
-private void formatStruct(T)(ref T arg, ref String result)
+private void formatStruct(T, OR)(ref T arg, OR result)
 if (is(T == struct))
 {
     template pred(alias f)
@@ -2202,24 +2202,24 @@ if (is(T == struct))
     }
     alias fields = Filter!(pred, __traits(allMembers, T));
 
-    result.insertBack(T.stringof);
+    put(result, T.stringof);
-    result.insertBack('(');
+    put(result, "(");
     static if (fields.length > 0)
     {
         printToString!"{}"(result, __traits(getMember, arg, fields[0]));
         foreach (field; fields[1 .. $])
         {
-            result.insertBack(", ");
+            put(result, ", ");
             printToString!"{}"(result, __traits(getMember, arg, field));
         }
     }
-    result.insertBack(')');
+    put(result, ")");
 }
 
-private void formatRange(T)(ref T arg, ref String result)
+private void formatRange(T, OR)(ref T arg, OR result)
 if (isInputRange!T && !isInfinite!T)
 {
-    result.insertBack('[');
+    put(result, "[");
     if (!arg.empty)
     {
         printToString!"{}"(result, arg.front);
@@ -2227,24 +2227,24 @@ if (isInputRange!T && !isInfinite!T)
     }
     foreach (e; arg)
     {
-        result.insertBack(", ");
+        put(result, ", ");
         printToString!"{}"(result, e);
     }
-    result.insertBack(']');
+    put(result, "]");
 }
 
-private ref String printToString(string fmt, Args...)(return ref String result,
+private void printToString(string fmt, OR, Args...)(ref OR result,
                                                     auto ref Args args)
 {
     alias Arg = Args[0];
 
     static if (is(Unqual!Arg == typeof(null))) // null
     {
-        result.insertBack("null");
+        put(result, "null");
     }
     else static if (is(Unqual!Arg == bool)) // Boolean
     {
-        result.insertBack(args[0] ? "true" : "false");
+        put(result, args[0] ? "true" : "false");
     }
     else static if (is(Arg == enum)) // Enum
     {
@@ -2252,49 +2252,49 @@ private ref String printToString(string fmt, Args...)(return ref String result,
         {
             if (args[0] == __traits(getMember, Arg, m))
             {
-                result.insertBack(m);
+                put(result, m);
             }
         }
     }
     else static if (isSomeChar!Arg || isSomeString!Arg) // String or char
     {
-        result.insertBack(args[0]);
+        put(result, args[0]);
     }
     else static if (isInputRange!Arg
                  && !isInfinite!Arg
                  && isSomeChar!(ElementType!Arg)) // Stringish range
     {
-        result.insertBack(args[0]);
+        put(result, args[0]);
     }
     else static if (isInputRange!Arg && !isInfinite!Arg)
     {
         formatRange(args[0], result);
     }
-    else static if (is(Unqual!(typeof(args[0].stringify())) == String))
+    else static if (is(typeof(args[0].toString(result)) == OR))
     {
         static if (is(Arg == class) || is(Arg == interface))
         {
             if (args[0] is null)
             {
-                result.insertBack("null");
+                put(result, "null");
             }
             else
             {
-                result.insertBack(args[0].stringify()[]);
+                result = args[0].toString(result);
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            result.insertBack(args[0].stringify()[]);
+            result = args[0].toString(result);
         }
     }
     else static if (is(Arg == class))
     {
-        result.insertBack(args[0] is null ? "null" : args[0].toString());
+        put(result, args[0] is null ? "null" : args[0].toString());
     }
     else static if (is(Arg == interface))
     {
-        result.insertBack(Arg.classinfo.name);
+        put(result, Arg.classinfo.name);
     }
     else static if (is(Arg == struct))
     {
@@ -2302,7 +2302,7 @@ private ref String printToString(string fmt, Args...)(return ref String result,
     }
     else static if (is(Arg == union))
     {
-        result.insertBack(Arg.stringof);
+        put(result, Arg.stringof);
     }
     else static if (isFloatingPoint!Arg) // Float
     {
@@ -2321,21 +2321,19 @@ private ref String printToString(string fmt, Args...)(return ref String result,
         }
         while (address != 0);
 
-        result.insertBack("0x");
+        put(result, "0x");
-        result.insertBack(buffer[position .. $]);
+        put(result, buffer[position .. $]);
     }
     else static if (isIntegral!Arg) // Integer
     {
         char[21] buffer;
-        result.insertBack(integral2String(args[0], buffer));
+        put(result, integral2String(args[0], buffer));
     }
     else
     {
         static assert(false,
                       "Formatting type " ~ Arg.stringof ~ " is not supported");
     }
-
-    return result;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2351,265 +2349,47 @@ private ref String printToString(string fmt, Args...)(return ref String result,
 String format(string fmt, Args...)(auto ref Args args)
 {
     String formatted;
+    sformat!fmt(backInserter(formatted), args);
+    return formatted;
+}
 
+/**
+ * Produces a string according to the specified format and writes it into an
+ * output range. $(D_PSYMBOL sformat) writes the final string in chunks, so the
+ * output range should be in output range for `const(char)[]`.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  fmt    = Format.
+ *  R      = Output range type.
+ *  output = Output range.
+ *  args   = Arguments.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM output).
+ */
+R sformat(string fmt, R, Args...)(R output, auto ref Args args)
+if (isOutputRange!(R, const(char)[]))
+{
     alias Specs = ParseFmt!fmt;
     enum bool FormatSpecFilter(alias spec) = is(typeof(spec) == FormatSpec);
     static assert((Filter!(FormatSpecFilter, ParseFmt!fmt)).length == Args.length,
-                  "Number of the arguments doesn't match the format strign");
+                  "Number of the arguments doesn't match the format string");
 
     foreach (spec; Specs)
     {
         static if (FormatSpecFilter!spec)
         {
-            printToString!"{}"(formatted, args[spec.position]);
+            printToString!"{}"(output, args[spec.position]);
         }
         else static if (isSomeString!(typeof(spec)))
         {
-            formatted.insertBack(spec);
+            put(output, spec);
         }
         else
         {
             static assert(false, "Format string parsed incorrectly");
         }
     }
-    return formatted;
+    return output;
-}
-
-// doesn't print the first argument repeatedly
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(format!"{}{}"(1, 2) == "12");
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(format!"Without arguments"() == "Without arguments");
-    assert(format!""().length == 0);
-
-    static assert(!is(typeof(format!"{}"())));
-    static assert(!is(typeof(format!"{j}"(5))));
-}
-
-// Enum.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum E1 : int
-    {
-        one,
-        two,
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(E1.one) == "one");
-
-    const E1 e1;
-    assert(format!"{}"(e1) == "one");
-}
-
-// One argument tests.
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    // Modifiers.
-    assert(format!"{}"(8.5) == "8.5");
-    assert(format!"{}"(8.6) == "8.6");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1000) == "1000");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1) == "1");
-    assert(format!"{}"(10.25) == "10.25");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1) == "1");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.01) == "0.01");
-
-    // String printing.
-    assert(format!"{}"("Some weired string") == "Some weired string");
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(string) null) == "");
-    assert(format!"{}"('c') == "c");
-
-    // Integer.
-    assert(format!"{}"(8) == "8");
-    assert(format!"{}"(8) == "8");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-8) == "-8");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-8L) == "-8");
-    assert(format!"{}"(8) == "8");
-    assert(format!"{}"(100000001) == "100000001");
-    assert(format!"{}"(99999999L) == "99999999");
-    assert(format!"{}"(10) == "10");
-    assert(format!"{}"(10L) == "10");
-
-    // Floating point.
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.1234) == "0.1234");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.3) == "0.3");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.333333333333) == "0.333333");
-    assert(format!"{}"(38234.1234) == "38234.1");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-0.3) == "-0.3");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.000000000000000006) == "6e-18");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.0) == "0");
-    assert(format!"{}"(double.init) == "NaN");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-double.init) == "-NaN");
-    assert(format!"{}"(double.infinity) == "Inf");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-double.infinity) == "-Inf");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.000000000000000000000000003) == "3e-27");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.23432e304) == "2.3432e+303");
-    assert(format!"{}"(-0.23432e8) == "-2.3432e+07");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1e-307) == "1e-307");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1e+8) == "1e+08");
-    assert(format!"{}"(111234.1) == "111234");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0.999) == "0.999");
-    assert(format!"{}"(0x1p-16382L) == "0");
-    assert(format!"{}"(1e+3) == "1000");
-    assert(format!"{}"(38234.1234) == "38234.1");
-    assert(format!"{}"(double.max) == "1.79769e+308");
-
-    // typeof(null).
-    assert(format!"{}"(null) == "null");
-
-    // Boolean.
-    assert(format!"{}"(true) == "true");
-    assert(format!"{}"(false) == "false");
-}
-
-// Unsafe tests with pointers.
-@nogc pure @system unittest
-{
-    // Pointer convesions
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(void*) 1) == "0x1");
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(void*) 20) == "0x14");
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(void*) null) == "0x0");
-}
-
-// Structs.
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct WithoutStringify1
-    {
-        int a;
-        void func()
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(WithoutStringify1(6)) == "WithoutStringify1(6)");
-
-    static struct WithoutStringify2
-    {
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(WithoutStringify2()) == "WithoutStringify2()");
-
-    static struct WithoutStringify3
-    {
-        int a = -2;
-        int b = 8;
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(WithoutStringify3()) == "WithoutStringify3(-2, 8)");
-
-    struct Nested
-    {
-        int i;
-
-        void func()
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(Nested()) == "Nested(0)");
-
-    static struct WithStringify
-    {
-        String stringify() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return String("stringify method");
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(WithStringify()) == "stringify method");
-}
-
-// Aggregate types.
-@system unittest // Object.toString has no attributes.
-{
-    import tanya.memory;
-    import tanya.memory.smartref;
-
-    interface I
-    {
-    }
-    class A : I
-    {
-    }
-    auto instance = defaultAllocator.unique!A();
-    assert(format!"{}"(instance.get()) == instance.get().toString());
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(I) instance.get()) == I.classinfo.name);
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(A) null) == "null");
-
-    class B
-    {
-        String stringify() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return String("Class B");
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(cast(B) null) == "null");
-}
-
-// Unions.
-unittest
-{
-    union U
-    {
-        int i;
-        char c;
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(U(2)) == "U");
-}
-
-// Ranges.
-@nogc pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct Stringish
-    {
-        private string content = "Some content";
-
-        immutable(char) front() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.content[0];
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.content = this.content[1 .. $];
-        }
-
-        bool empty() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.content.length == 0;
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(Stringish()) == "Some content");
-
-    static struct Intish
-    {
-        private int front_ = 3;
-
-        int front() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.front_;
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            --this.front_;
-        }
-
-        bool empty() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.front == 0;
-        }
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(Intish()) == "[3, 2, 1]");
-}
-
-// Typeid.
-nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(format!"{}"(typeid(int[])) == "int[]");
-
-    class C
-    {
-    }
-    assert(format!"{}"(typeid(C)) == typeid(C).toString());
 }
 
 private struct FormatSpec

source/tanya/functional.d

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Functions that manipulate other functions and their argument lists.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/functional.d,
- *                 tanya/functional.d)
- */
-module tanya.functional;
-
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.meta.metafunction;
-
-private template forwardOne(alias arg)
-{
-    static if (__traits(isRef, arg) || __traits(isOut, arg))
-    {
-        alias forwardOne = arg;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        @property auto forwardOne()
-        {
-            return move(arg);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Forwards its argument list preserving $(D_KEYWORD ref) and $(D_KEYWORD out)
- * storage classes.
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL forward) accepts a list of variables or literals. It returns an
- * argument list of the same length that can be for example passed to a
- * function accepting the arguments of this type.
- *
- * Params:
- *  args = Argument list.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM args) with their original storage classes.
- */
-template forward(args...)
-{
-    static if (args.length == 1)
-    {
-        alias forward = forwardOne!(args[0]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias forward = Map!(forwardOne, args);
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof((int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
-    static assert(is(typeof((ref int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
-    static assert(is(typeof({
-        void f(int i, ref int j, out int k)
-        {
-            f(forward!(i, j, k));
-        }
-    })));
-}

source/tanya/hash/lookup.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Non-cryptographic, lookup hash functions.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@
  */
 module tanya.hash.lookup;
 
+import std.traits : isScalarType;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.range.primitive;
 
-private struct FNV
+private struct Hasher
 {
     static if (size_t.sizeof == 4)
     {
@@ -29,6 +30,11 @@ private struct FNV
         enum ulong offsetBasis = 14695981039346656037UL;
         enum ulong prime = 1099511628211UL;
     }
+    else static if (size_t.sizeof == 16)
+    {
+        enum size_t offsetBasis = (size_t(0x6c62272e07bb0142UL) << 64) + 0x62b821756295c58dUL;
+        enum size_t prime = (size_t(1) << 88) + (1 << 8) + 0x3b;
+    }
     else
     {
         static assert(false, "FNV requires at least 32-bit hash length");
@@ -44,11 +50,33 @@ private struct FNV
         }
         else static if (isScalarType!T || isPointer!T)
         {
-            (() @trusted => add((cast(const ubyte*) &key)[0 .. T.sizeof]))();
+            // Treat as an array of words
+            static if (T.sizeof % size_t.sizeof == 0
+                    && T.alignof >= size_t.alignof)
+                alias CastT = size_t;
+            // (64-bit or 128-bit) Treat as an array of ints
+            else static if (T.sizeof % uint.sizeof == 0
+                    && T.alignof >= uint.alignof)
+                alias CastT = uint;
+            // Treat as an array of bytes
+            else
+                alias CastT = ubyte;
+            add((() @trusted => (cast(const CastT*) &key)[0 .. T.sizeof / CastT.sizeof])());
         }
         else static if (isArray!T && isScalarType!(ElementType!T))
         {
-            add(cast(const ubyte[]) key);
+            // Treat as an array of words
+            static if (ElementType!T.sizeof % size_t.sizeof == 0
+                    && ElementType!T.alignof >= size_t.alignof)
+                alias CastT = size_t;
+            // (64-bit or 128-bit) Treat as an array of ints
+            else static if (ElementType!T.sizeof % uint.sizeof == 0
+                    && ElementType!T.alignof >= uint.alignof)
+                alias CastT = uint;
+            // Treat as an array of bytes
+            else
+                alias CastT = ubyte;
+            add(cast(const CastT[]) key);
         }
         else static if (is(T == typeof(null)))
         {
@@ -67,13 +95,166 @@ private struct FNV
         }
     }
 
-    void add(const ubyte[] key) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    void add(scope const ubyte[] key) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
+        // FNV-1a
         foreach (c; key)
         {
             this.hash = (this.hash ^ c) * prime;
         }
     }
+
+    void add(scope const size_t[] key) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        static if (size_t.sizeof == 4)
+        {
+            // Partial MurmurHash3_x86_32 (no finalization)
+            enum uint c1 = 0xcc9e2d51;
+            enum uint c2 = 0x1b873593;
+            alias h1 = hash;
+            foreach (x; key)
+            {
+                auto k1 = x * c1;
+                k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >> (32 - 15));
+                k1 *= c2;
+
+                h1 ^= k1;
+                h1 = (h1 << 13) | (h1 >> (32 - 13));
+                h1 = h1 * 5 + 0xe6546b64;
+            }
+        }
+        else static if (size_t.sizeof == 8)
+        {
+            // Partial 64-bit MurmurHash64A (no finalization)
+            alias h = hash;
+            enum ulong m = 0xc6a4a7935bd1e995UL;
+            foreach (x; key)
+            {
+                auto k = x * m;
+                k ^= k >>> 47;
+                k *= m;
+
+                h ^= k;
+                h *= m;
+            }
+        }
+        else static if (size_t.sizeof == 16)
+        {
+            // Partial MurmurHash3_x64_128 (no finalization)
+            // treating each size_t as a pair of ulong.
+            ulong h1 = cast(ulong) hash;
+            ulong h2 = cast(ulong) (hash >> 64);
+
+            enum ulong c1 = 0x87c37b91114253d5UL;
+            enum ulong c2 = 0x4cf5ad432745937fUL;
+
+            foreach (x; key)
+            {
+                auto k1 = cast(ulong) x;
+                auto k2 = cast(ulong) (x >> 64);
+
+                k1 *= c1; k1 = (k1 << 32) | (k1 >> (64 - 31)); k1 *= c2; h1 ^= k1;
+                h1 = (h1 << 27) | (h1 >> (64 - 27)); h1 += h2; h1 = h1*5+0x52dce729;
+                k2 *= c2; k2 = (k2 << 33) | (k2 >> (64 - 33)); k2 *= c1; h2 ^= k2;
+                h2 = (h2 << 31) | (h2 >> (64 - 31)); h2 += h1; h2 = h2*5+0x38495ab5;
+            }
+
+            hash = cast(size_t) h1 + ((cast(size_t) h2) << 64);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            static assert(0, "Hash length must be either 32, 64, or 128 bits.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (size_t.sizeof != uint.sizeof)
+    void add(scope const uint[] key) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
+    {
+        static if (size_t.sizeof == 8)
+        {
+            // Partial 32-bit MurmurHash64B (no finalization)
+            enum uint m = 0x5bd1e995;
+            enum r = 24;
+
+            uint h1 = cast(uint) hash;
+            uint h2 = cast(uint) (hash >> 32);
+            const(uint)* data = key.ptr;
+            auto len = key.length;
+
+            for (; len >= 2; data += 2, len -= 2)
+            {
+                uint k1 = data[0];
+                k1 *= m; k1 ^= k1 >> r; k1 *= m;
+                h1 *= m; h1 ^= k1;
+
+                uint k2 = data[1];
+                k2 *= m; k2 ^= k2 >> r; k2 *= m;
+                h2 *= m; h2 ^= k2;
+            }
+            if (len)
+            {
+                uint k1 = data[0];
+                k1 *= m; k1 ^= k1 >> r; k1 *= m;
+                h1 *= m; h1 ^= k1;
+            }
+            hash = cast(ulong) h1 + ((cast(ulong) h2) << 32);
+        }
+        else static if (size_t.sizeof == 16)
+        {
+            // Partial MurmurHash3_x86_128 (no finalization)
+            enum uint c1 = 0x239b961b;
+            enum uint c2 = 0xab0e9789;
+            enum uint c3 = 0x38b34ae5;
+            enum uint c4 = 0xa1e38b93;
+
+            uint h1 = cast(uint) hash;
+            uint h2 = cast(uint) (hash >> 32);
+            uint h3 = cast(uint) (hash >> 64);
+            uint h4 = cast(uint) (hash >> 96);
+            const(uint)* data = key.ptr;
+            auto len = key.length;
+
+            for (; len >= 4; data += 4, len -= 4)
+            {
+                uint k1 = data[0];
+                uint k2 = data[1];
+                uint k3 = data[2];
+                uint k4 = data[3];
+
+                h1 = (h1 << 19) | (h1 >> (32 - 19)); h1 += h2; h1 = h1*5+0x561ccd1b;
+                k2 *= c2; k2 = (k2 << 16) | (k2 >> (32 - 16)); k2 *= c3; h2 ^= k2;
+                h2 = (h2 << 17) | (h2 >> (32 - 17)); h2 += h3; h2 = h2*5+0x0bcaa747;
+                k3 *= c3; k3 = (k3 << 17) | (k3 >> (32 - 17)); k3 *= c4; h3 ^= k3;
+                h3 = (h3 << 15) | (h3 >> (32 - 15)); h3 += h4; h3 = h3*5+0x96cd1c35;
+                k4 *= c4; k4 = (k4 << 18) | (k4 >> (32 - 18)); k4 *= c1; h4 ^= k4;
+                h4 = (h4 << 13) | (h4 >> (32 - 13)); h4 += h1; h4 = h4*5+0x32ac3b17;
+            }
+            uint k1, k2, k3;
+            switch (len) // 0, 1, 2, 3
+            {
+                case 3:
+                    k3 = data[2];
+                    k3 *= c3; k3 = (k3 << 17) | (k3 >> (32 - 17)); k3 *= c4; h3 ^= k3;
+                    goto case;
+                case 2:
+                    k2 = data[1];
+                    k2 *= c2; k2 = (k2 << 16) | (k2 >> (32 - 16)); k2 *= c3; h2 ^= k2;
+                    goto case;
+                case 1:
+                    k1 = data[0];
+                    k1 *= c1; k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >> (32 - 15)); k1 *= c2; h1 ^= k1;
+                    break;
+            }
+            hash = cast(size_t) h1 +
+                   ((cast(size_t) h2) << 32) +
+                   ((cast(size_t) h3) << 64) +
+                   ((cast(size_t) h4) << 96);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            static assert(0, "Hash length must be either 32, 64, or 128 bits.");
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -92,7 +273,8 @@ private struct FNV
  * For pointers and for scalar types implicitly convertible to `size_t` this
  * is an identity operation (i.e. the value is cast to `size_t` and returned
  * unaltered). Integer types wider than `size_t` are XOR folded down to
- * `size_t`. Other scalar types use the FNV-1a (Fowler-Noll-Vo) hash function.
+ * `size_t`. Other scalar types use an architecture-dependent hash function
+ * based on their width and alignment.
  * If the type provides a `toHash`-function, only `toHash()` is called and its
  * result is returned.
  *
@@ -128,511 +310,32 @@ size_t hash(T)(auto ref T key)
     }
     else
     {
-        FNV fnv;
+        Hasher hasher;
-        fnv(key);
+        hasher(key);
-        return fnv.hash;
+        return hasher.hash;
     }
 }
 
-version (unittest)
+/**
+ * Determines whether $(D_PARAM hasher) is hash function for $(D_PARAM T), i.e.
+ * it is callable with a value of type $(D_PARAM T) and returns a
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL size_t) value.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  hasher = Hash function candidate.
+ *  T      = Type to test the hash function with.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM hasher) is a hash function for
+ *          $(D_PARAM T), $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
+ */
+template isHashFunction(alias hasher, T)
 {
-    enum string r10(string x) = x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x ~ x;
+    private alias wrapper = (T x) => hasher(x);
-    enum string r100(string x) = r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x
+    enum bool isHashFunction = is(typeof(wrapper(T.init)) == size_t);
-                               ~ r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x ~ r10!x;
-    enum string r500(string x) = r100!x ~ r100!x ~ r100!x ~ r100!x ~ r100!x;
-
-    private static struct ToHash
-    {
-        size_t toHash() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static struct HashRange
-    {
-        string fo = "fo";
-
-        @property ubyte front() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.fo[0];
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.fo = this.fo[1 .. $];
-        }
-
-        @property bool empty() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return this.fo.length == 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static struct ToHashRange
-    {
-        bool empty_;
-
-        @property ToHash front() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            return ToHash();
-        }
-
-        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.empty_ = true;
-        }
-
-         @property bool empty() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-         {
-             return this.empty_;
-         }
-    }
 }
 
-// Tests that work for any hash size
+///
 @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
 {
-    assert(hash(null) == 0);
+    static assert(isHashFunction!(hash, int));
-    assert(hash(ToHash()) == 0U);
-    assert(hash('a') == 'a');
-}
-
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 4) @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(hash(HashRange()) == 0x6222e842U);
-    assert(hash(ToHashRange()) == 1268118805U);
-}
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 8) @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(hash(HashRange()) == 0x08985907b541d342UL);
-    assert(hash(ToHashRange()) == 12161962213042174405UL);
-}
-
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 4) @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    assert(hash(cast(void*) 0x6e6f6863) == 0x6e6f6863);
-}
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 8) @nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    assert(hash(cast(void*) 0x77206f676e6f6863) == 0x77206f676e6f6863);
-}
-
-/*
- * These are official FNV-1a test vectors and they are in the public domain.
- */
-// FNV-1a 32 bit test vectors
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 4) @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(hash("") == 0x811c9dc5U);
-    assert(hash("a") == 0xe40c292cU);
-    assert(hash("b") == 0xe70c2de5U);
-    assert(hash("c") == 0xe60c2c52U);
-    assert(hash("d") == 0xe10c2473U);
-    assert(hash("e") == 0xe00c22e0U);
-    assert(hash("f") == 0xe30c2799U);
-    assert(hash("fo") == 0x6222e842U);
-    assert(hash("foo") == 0xa9f37ed7U);
-    assert(hash("foob") == 0x3f5076efU);
-    assert(hash("fooba") == 0x39aaa18aU);
-    assert(hash("foobar") == 0xbf9cf968U);
-    assert(hash("\0") == 0x050c5d1fU);
-    assert(hash("a\0") == 0x2b24d044U);
-    assert(hash("b\0") == 0x9d2c3f7fU);
-    assert(hash("c\0") == 0x7729c516U);
-    assert(hash("d\0") == 0xb91d6109U);
-    assert(hash("e\0") == 0x931ae6a0U);
-    assert(hash("f\0") == 0x052255dbU);
-    assert(hash("fo\0") == 0xbef39fe6U);
-    assert(hash("foo\0") == 0x6150ac75U);
-    assert(hash("foob\0") == 0x9aab3a3dU);
-    assert(hash("fooba\0") == 0x519c4c3eU);
-    assert(hash("foobar\0") == 0x0c1c9eb8U);
-    assert(hash("ch") == 0x5f299f4eU);
-    assert(hash("cho") == 0xef8580f3U);
-    assert(hash("chon") == 0xac297727U);
-    assert(hash("chong") == 0x4546b9c0U);
-    assert(hash("chongo") == 0xbd564e7dU);
-    assert(hash("chongo ") == 0x6bdd5c67U);
-    assert(hash("chongo w") == 0xdd77ed30U);
-    assert(hash("chongo wa") == 0xf4ca9683U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was") == 0x4aeb9bd0U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was ") == 0xe0e67ad0U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was h") == 0xc2d32fa8U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was he") == 0x7f743fb7U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was her") == 0x6900631fU);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here") == 0xc59c990eU);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!") == 0x448524fdU);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\n") == 0xd49930d5U);
-    assert(hash("ch\0") == 0x1c85c7caU);
-    assert(hash("cho\0") == 0x0229fe89U);
-    assert(hash("chon\0") == 0x2c469265U);
-    assert(hash("chong\0") == 0xce566940U);
-    assert(hash("chongo\0") == 0x8bdd8ec7U);
-    assert(hash("chongo \0") == 0x34787625U);
-    assert(hash("chongo w\0") == 0xd3ca6290U);
-    assert(hash("chongo wa\0") == 0xddeaf039U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was\0") == 0xc0e64870U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was \0") == 0xdad35570U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was h\0") == 0x5a740578U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was he\0") == 0x5b004d15U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was her\0") == 0x6a9c09cdU);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here\0") == 0x2384f10aU);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\0") == 0xda993a47U);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\n\0") == 0x8227df4fU);
-    assert(hash("cu") == 0x4c298165U);
-    assert(hash("cur") == 0xfc563735U);
-    assert(hash("curd") == 0x8cb91483U);
-    assert(hash("curds") == 0x775bf5d0U);
-    assert(hash("curds ") == 0xd5c428d0U);
-    assert(hash("curds a") == 0x34cc0ea3U);
-    assert(hash("curds an") == 0xea3b4cb7U);
-    assert(hash("curds and") == 0x8e59f029U);
-    assert(hash("curds and ") == 0x2094de2bU);
-    assert(hash("curds and w") == 0xa65a0ad4U);
-    assert(hash("curds and wh") == 0x9bbee5f4U);
-    assert(hash("curds and whe") == 0xbe836343U);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey") == 0x22d5344eU);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\n") == 0x19a1470cU);
-    assert(hash("cu\0") == 0x4a56b1ffU);
-    assert(hash("cur\0") == 0x70b8e86fU);
-    assert(hash("curd\0") == 0x0a5b4a39U);
-    assert(hash("curds\0") == 0xb5c3f670U);
-    assert(hash("curds \0") == 0x53cc3f70U);
-    assert(hash("curds a\0") == 0xc03b0a99U);
-    assert(hash("curds an\0") == 0x7259c415U);
-    assert(hash("curds and\0") == 0x4095108bU);
-    assert(hash("curds and \0") == 0x7559bdb1U);
-    assert(hash("curds and w\0") == 0xb3bf0bbcU);
-    assert(hash("curds and wh\0") == 0x2183ff1cU);
-    assert(hash("curds and whe\0") == 0x2bd54279U);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\0") == 0x23a156caU);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\n\0") == 0x64e2d7e4U);
-    assert(hash("hi") == 0x683af69aU);
-    assert(hash("hi\0") == 0xaed2346eU);
-    assert(hash("hello") == 0x4f9f2cabU);
-    assert(hash("hello\0") == 0x02935131U);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x01") == 0xc48fb86dU);
-    assert(hash("\x01\x00\x00\xff") == 0x2269f369U);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x02") == 0xc18fb3b4U);
-    assert(hash("\x02\x00\x00\xff") == 0x50ef1236U);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x03") == 0xc28fb547U);
-    assert(hash("\x03\x00\x00\xff") == 0x96c3bf47U);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x04") == 0xbf8fb08eU);
-    assert(hash("\x04\x00\x00\xff") == 0xf3e4d49cU);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x44") == 0x32179058U);
-    assert(hash("\x44\x4e\x51\x40") == 0x280bfee6U);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x4a") == 0x30178d32U);
-    assert(hash("\x4a\x4e\x51\x40") == 0x21addaf8U);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x54") == 0x4217a988U);
-    assert(hash("\x54\x4e\x51\x40") == 0x772633d6U);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.1") == 0x08a3d11eU);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.1\0") == 0xb7e2323aU);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.2") == 0x07a3cf8bU);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.2\0") == 0x91dfb7d1U);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.3") == 0x06a3cdf8U);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.3\0") == 0x6bdd3d68U);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.68") == 0x1d5636a7U);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.68\0") == 0xd5b808e5U);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.74") == 0x1353e852U);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.74\0") == 0xbf16b916U);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.84") == 0xa55b89edU);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.84\0") == 0x3c1a2017U);
-    assert(hash("feedface") == 0x0588b13cU);
-    assert(hash("feedface\0") == 0xf22f0174U);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedaffdeed") == 0xe83641e1U);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedaffdeed\0") == 0x6e69b533U);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedeadbeef") == 0xf1760448U);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedeadbeef\0") == 0x64c8bd58U);
-    assert(hash("line 1\nline 2\nline 3") == 0x97b4ea23U);
-    assert(hash("chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\\../\\") == 0x9a4e92e6U);
-    assert(hash("chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\\../\\\0") == 0xcfb14012U);
-    assert(hash("chongo (Landon Curt Noll) /\\../\\") == 0xf01b2511U);
-    assert(hash("chongo (Landon Curt Noll) /\\../\\\0") == 0x0bbb59c3U);
-    assert(hash("http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html") == 0xce524afaU);
-    assert(hash("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler_Noll_Vo_hash") == 0xdd16ef45U);
-    assert(hash("http://epod.usra.edu/") == 0x60648bb3U);
-    assert(hash("http://exoplanet.eu/") == 0x7fa4bcfcU);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cam3/") == 0x5053ae17U);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cams/HMcam/") == 0xc9302890U);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/deformation.html") == 0x956ded32U);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/images.html") == 0x9136db84U);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/maps.html") == 0xdf9d3323U);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/current_issue.html") == 0x32bb6cd0U);
-    assert(hash("http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/") == 0xc8f8385bU);
-    assert(hash("http://norvig.com/21-days.html") == 0xeb08bfbaU);
-    assert(hash("http://primes.utm.edu/curios/home.php") == 0x62cc8e3dU);
-    assert(hash("http://slashdot.org/") == 0xc3e20f5cU);
-    assert(hash("http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/Maps/155.25-19.5.html") == 0x39e97f17U);
-    assert(hash("http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/kilaueastatus.php") == 0x7837b203U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.avo.alaska.edu/activity/Redoubt.php") == 0x319e877bU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.dilbert.com/fast/") == 0xd3e63f89U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/orbits/") == 0x29b50b38U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.fpoa.net/") == 0x5ed678b8U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.ioccc.org/index.html") == 0xb0d5b793U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/cgi-bin/number.cgi") == 0x52450be5U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/bio.html") == 0xfa72d767U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/index.html") == 0x95066709U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/calc/lucas-calc") == 0x7f52e123U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/astro/venus2004.html") == 0x76966481U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/astro/vita.html") == 0x063258b0U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/c/expert.html") == 0x2ded6e8aU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/index.html") == 0xb07d7c52U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html") == 0xd0c71b71U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/howhigh.html") == 0xf684f1bdU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/number.html") == 0x868ecfa8U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/prime/mersenne.html") == 0xf794f684U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/prime/mersenne.html#largest") == 0xd19701c3U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/corpspeak.cgi") == 0x346e171eU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/haiku.cgi") == 0x91f8f676U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/rand-none.cgi") == 0x0bf58848U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/randdist.cgi") == 0x6317b6d1U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/index.html") == 0xafad4c54U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/what/nist-test.html") == 0x0f25681eU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.macosxhints.com/") == 0x91b18d49U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.mellis.com/") == 0x7d61c12eU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/havoalert.cfm") == 0x5147d25cU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/timelines_24.cfm") == 0x9a8b6805U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.paulnoll.com/") == 0x4cd2a447U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.pepysdiary.com/") == 0x1e549b14U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.sciencenews.org/index/home/activity/view") == 0x2fe1b574U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.skyandtelescope.com/") == 0xcf0cd31eU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.sput.nl/~rob/sirius.html") == 0x6c471669U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.systemexperts.com/") == 0x0e5eef1eU);
-    assert(hash("http://www.tq-international.com/phpBB3/index.php") == 0x2bed3602U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.travelquesttours.com/index.htm") == 0xb26249e0U);
-    assert(hash("http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/89606.html") == 0x2c9b86a4U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"21701") == 0xe415e2bbU);
-    assert(hash(r10!"M21701") == 0x18a98d1dU);
-    assert(hash(r10!"2^21701-1") == 0xb7df8b7bU);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x54\xc5") == 0x241e9075U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xc5\x54") == 0x063f70ddU);
-    assert(hash(r10!"23209") == 0x0295aed9U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"M23209") == 0x56a7f781U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"2^23209-1") == 0x253bc645U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x5a\xa9") == 0x46610921U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xa9\x5a") == 0x7c1577f9U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"391581216093") == 0x512b2851U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"391581*2^216093-1") == 0x76823999U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x05\xf9\x9d\x03\x4c\x81") == 0xc0586935U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"FEDCBA9876543210") == 0xf3415c85U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xfe\xdc\xba\x98\x76\x54\x32\x10") == 0x0ae4ff65U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"EFCDAB8967452301") == 0x58b79725U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xef\xcd\xab\x89\x67\x45\x23\x01") == 0xdea43aa5U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"0123456789ABCDEF") == 0x2bb3be35U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x01\x23\x45\x67\x89\xab\xcd\xef") == 0xea777a45U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"1032547698BADCFE") == 0x8f21c305U);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x10\x32\x54\x76\x98\xba\xdc\xfe") == 0x5c9d0865U);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x00") == 0xfa823dd5U);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x07") == 0x21a27271U);
-    assert(hash(r500!"~") == 0x83c5c6d5U);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x7f") == 0x813b0881U);
-}
-
-// FNV-1a 64 bit test vectors
-static if (size_t.sizeof == 8) @nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(hash("") == 0xcbf29ce484222325UL);
-    assert(hash("a") == 0xaf63dc4c8601ec8cUL);
-    assert(hash("b") == 0xaf63df4c8601f1a5UL);
-    assert(hash("c") == 0xaf63de4c8601eff2UL);
-    assert(hash("d") == 0xaf63d94c8601e773UL);
-    assert(hash("e") == 0xaf63d84c8601e5c0UL);
-    assert(hash("f") == 0xaf63db4c8601ead9UL);
-    assert(hash("fo") == 0x08985907b541d342UL);
-    assert(hash("foo") == 0xdcb27518fed9d577UL);
-    assert(hash("foob") == 0xdd120e790c2512afUL);
-    assert(hash("fooba") == 0xcac165afa2fef40aUL);
-    assert(hash("foobar") == 0x85944171f73967e8UL);
-    assert(hash("\0") == 0xaf63bd4c8601b7dfUL);
-    assert(hash("a\0") == 0x089be207b544f1e4UL);
-    assert(hash("b\0") == 0x08a61407b54d9b5fUL);
-    assert(hash("c\0") == 0x08a2ae07b54ab836UL);
-    assert(hash("d\0") == 0x0891b007b53c4869UL);
-    assert(hash("e\0") == 0x088e4a07b5396540UL);
-    assert(hash("f\0") == 0x08987c07b5420ebbUL);
-    assert(hash("fo\0") == 0xdcb28a18fed9f926UL);
-    assert(hash("foo\0") == 0xdd1270790c25b935UL);
-    assert(hash("foob\0") == 0xcac146afa2febf5dUL);
-    assert(hash("fooba\0") == 0x8593d371f738acfeUL);
-    assert(hash("foobar\0") == 0x34531ca7168b8f38UL);
-    assert(hash("ch") == 0x08a25607b54a22aeUL);
-    assert(hash("cho") == 0xf5faf0190cf90df3UL);
-    assert(hash("chon") == 0xf27397910b3221c7UL);
-    assert(hash("chong") == 0x2c8c2b76062f22e0UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo") == 0xe150688c8217b8fdUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo ") == 0xf35a83c10e4f1f87UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo w") == 0xd1edd10b507344d0UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo wa") == 0x2a5ee739b3ddb8c3UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was") == 0xdcfb970ca1c0d310UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was ") == 0x4054da76daa6da90UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was h") == 0xf70a2ff589861368UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was he") == 0x4c628b38aed25f17UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was her") == 0x9dd1f6510f78189fUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here") == 0xa3de85bd491270ceUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!") == 0x858e2fa32a55e61dUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\n") == 0x46810940eff5f915UL);
-    assert(hash("ch\0") == 0xf5fadd190cf8edaaUL);
-    assert(hash("cho\0") == 0xf273ed910b32b3e9UL);
-    assert(hash("chon\0") == 0x2c8c5276062f6525UL);
-    assert(hash("chong\0") == 0xe150b98c821842a0UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo\0") == 0xf35aa3c10e4f55e7UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo \0") == 0xd1ed680b50729265UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo w\0") == 0x2a5f0639b3dded70UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo wa\0") == 0xdcfbaa0ca1c0f359UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was\0") == 0x4054ba76daa6a430UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was \0") == 0xf709c7f5898562b0UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was h\0") == 0x4c62e638aed2f9b8UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was he\0") == 0x9dd1a8510f779415UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was her\0") == 0xa3de2abd4911d62dUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here\0") == 0x858e0ea32a55ae0aUL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\0") == 0x46810f40eff60347UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo was here!\n\0") == 0xc33bce57bef63eafUL);
-    assert(hash("cu") == 0x08a24307b54a0265UL);
-    assert(hash("cur") == 0xf5b9fd190cc18d15UL);
-    assert(hash("curd") == 0x4c968290ace35703UL);
-    assert(hash("curds") == 0x07174bd5c64d9350UL);
-    assert(hash("curds ") == 0x5a294c3ff5d18750UL);
-    assert(hash("curds a") == 0x05b3c1aeb308b843UL);
-    assert(hash("curds an") == 0xb92a48da37d0f477UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and") == 0x73cdddccd80ebc49UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and ") == 0xd58c4c13210a266bUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and w") == 0xe78b6081243ec194UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and wh") == 0xb096f77096a39f34UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whe") == 0xb425c54ff807b6a3UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey") == 0x23e520e2751bb46eUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\n") == 0x1a0b44ccfe1385ecUL);
-    assert(hash("cu\0") == 0xf5ba4b190cc2119fUL);
-    assert(hash("cur\0") == 0x4c962690ace2baafUL);
-    assert(hash("curd\0") == 0x0716ded5c64cda19UL);
-    assert(hash("curds\0") == 0x5a292c3ff5d150f0UL);
-    assert(hash("curds \0") == 0x05b3e0aeb308ecf0UL);
-    assert(hash("curds a\0") == 0xb92a5eda37d119d9UL);
-    assert(hash("curds an\0") == 0x73ce41ccd80f6635UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and\0") == 0xd58c2c132109f00bUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and \0") == 0xe78baf81243f47d1UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and w\0") == 0xb0968f7096a2ee7cUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and wh\0") == 0xb425a84ff807855cUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whe\0") == 0x23e4e9e2751b56f9UL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\0") == 0x1a0b4eccfe1396eaUL);
-    assert(hash("curds and whey\n\0") == 0x54abd453bb2c9004UL);
-    assert(hash("hi") == 0x08ba5f07b55ec3daUL);
-    assert(hash("hi\0") == 0x337354193006cb6eUL);
-    assert(hash("hello") == 0xa430d84680aabd0bUL);
-    assert(hash("hello\0") == 0xa9bc8acca21f39b1UL);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x01") == 0x6961196491cc682dUL);
-    assert(hash("\x01\x00\x00\xff") == 0xad2bb1774799dfe9UL);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x02") == 0x6961166491cc6314UL);
-    assert(hash("\x02\x00\x00\xff") == 0x8d1bb3904a3b1236UL);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x03") == 0x6961176491cc64c7UL);
-    assert(hash("\x03\x00\x00\xff") == 0xed205d87f40434c7UL);
-    assert(hash("\xff\x00\x00\x04") == 0x6961146491cc5faeUL);
-    assert(hash("\x04\x00\x00\xff") == 0xcd3baf5e44f8ad9cUL);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x44") == 0xe3b36596127cd6d8UL);
-    assert(hash("\x44\x4e\x51\x40") == 0xf77f1072c8e8a646UL);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x4a") == 0xe3b36396127cd372UL);
-    assert(hash("\x4a\x4e\x51\x40") == 0x6067dce9932ad458UL);
-    assert(hash("\x40\x51\x4e\x54") == 0xe3b37596127cf208UL);
-    assert(hash("\x54\x4e\x51\x40") == 0x4b7b10fa9fe83936UL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.1") == 0xaabafe7104d914beUL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.1\0") == 0xf4d3180b3cde3edaUL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.2") == 0xaabafd7104d9130bUL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.2\0") == 0xf4cfb20b3cdb5bb1UL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.3") == 0xaabafc7104d91158UL);
-    assert(hash("127.0.0.3\0") == 0xf4cc4c0b3cd87888UL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.68") == 0xe729bac5d2a8d3a7UL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.68\0") == 0x74bc0524f4dfa4c5UL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.74") == 0xe72630c5d2a5b352UL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.74\0") == 0x6b983224ef8fb456UL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.84") == 0xe73042c5d2ae266dUL);
-    assert(hash("64.81.78.84\0") == 0x8527e324fdeb4b37UL);
-    assert(hash("feedface") == 0x0a83c86fee952abcUL);
-    assert(hash("feedface\0") == 0x7318523267779d74UL);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedaffdeed") == 0x3e66d3d56b8caca1UL);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedaffdeed\0") == 0x956694a5c0095593UL);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedeadbeef") == 0xcac54572bb1a6fc8UL);
-    assert(hash("feedfacedeadbeef\0") == 0xa7a4c9f3edebf0d8UL);
-    assert(hash("line 1\nline 2\nline 3") == 0x7829851fac17b143UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\\../\\") == 0x2c8f4c9af81bcf06UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\\../\\\0") == 0xd34e31539740c732UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo (Landon Curt Noll) /\\../\\") == 0x3605a2ac253d2db1UL);
-    assert(hash("chongo (Landon Curt Noll) /\\../\\\0") == 0x08c11b8346f4a3c3UL);
-    assert(hash("http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html") == 0x6be396289ce8a6daUL);
-    assert(hash("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler_Noll_Vo_hash") == 0xd9b957fb7fe794c5UL);
-    assert(hash("http://epod.usra.edu/") == 0x05be33da04560a93UL);
-    assert(hash("http://exoplanet.eu/") == 0x0957f1577ba9747cUL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cam3/") == 0xda2cc3acc24fba57UL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cams/HMcam/") == 0x74136f185b29e7f0UL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/deformation.html") == 0xb2f2b4590edb93b2UL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/images.html") == 0xb3608fce8b86ae04UL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/maps.html") == 0x4a3a865079359063UL);
-    assert(hash("http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/current_issue.html") == 0x5b3a7ef496880a50UL);
-    assert(hash("http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/") == 0x48fae3163854c23bUL);
-    assert(hash("http://norvig.com/21-days.html") == 0x07aaa640476e0b9aUL);
-    assert(hash("http://primes.utm.edu/curios/home.php") == 0x2f653656383a687dUL);
-    assert(hash("http://slashdot.org/") == 0xa1031f8e7599d79cUL);
-    assert(hash("http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/Maps/155.25-19.5.html") == 0xa31908178ff92477UL);
-    assert(hash("http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/kilaueastatus.php") == 0x097edf3c14c3fb83UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.avo.alaska.edu/activity/Redoubt.php") == 0xb51ca83feaa0971bUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.dilbert.com/fast/") == 0xdd3c0d96d784f2e9UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/orbits/") == 0x86cd26a9ea767d78UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.fpoa.net/") == 0xe6b215ff54a30c18UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.ioccc.org/index.html") == 0xec5b06a1c5531093UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/cgi-bin/number.cgi") == 0x45665a929f9ec5e5UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/bio.html") == 0x8c7609b4a9f10907UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/index.html") == 0x89aac3a491f0d729UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/calc/lucas-calc") == 0x32ce6b26e0f4a403UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/astro/venus2004.html") == 0x614ab44e02b53e01UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/astro/vita.html") == 0xfa6472eb6eef3290UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/c/expert.html") == 0x9e5d75eb1948eb6aUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/index.html") == 0xb6d12ad4a8671852UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html") == 0x88826f56eba07af1UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/howhigh.html") == 0x44535bf2645bc0fdUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/number.html") == 0x169388ffc21e3728UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/prime/mersenne.html") == 0xf68aac9e396d8224UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/prime/mersenne.html#largest") == 0x8e87d7e7472b3883UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/corpspeak.cgi") == 0x295c26caa8b423deUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/haiku.cgi") == 0x322c814292e72176UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/rand-none.cgi") == 0x8a06550eb8af7268UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/cgi-bin/randdist.cgi") == 0xef86d60e661bcf71UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/index.html") == 0x9e5426c87f30ee54UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.lavarnd.org/what/nist-test.html") == 0xf1ea8aa826fd047eUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.macosxhints.com/") == 0x0babaf9a642cb769UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.mellis.com/") == 0x4b3341d4068d012eUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/havoalert.cfm") == 0xd15605cbc30a335cUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/timelines_24.cfm") == 0x5b21060aed8412e5UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.paulnoll.com/") == 0x45e2cda1ce6f4227UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.pepysdiary.com/") == 0x50ae3745033ad7d4UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.sciencenews.org/index/home/activity/view") == 0xaa4588ced46bf414UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.skyandtelescope.com/") == 0xc1b0056c4a95467eUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.sput.nl/~rob/sirius.html") == 0x56576a71de8b4089UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.systemexperts.com/") == 0xbf20965fa6dc927eUL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.tq-international.com/phpBB3/index.php") == 0x569f8383c2040882UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.travelquesttours.com/index.htm") == 0xe1e772fba08feca0UL);
-    assert(hash("http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/89606.html") == 0x4ced94af97138ac4UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"21701") == 0xc4112ffb337a82fbUL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"M21701") == 0xd64a4fd41de38b7dUL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"2^21701-1") == 0x4cfc32329edebcbbUL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x54\xc5") == 0x0803564445050395UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xc5\x54") == 0xaa1574ecf4642ffdUL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"23209") == 0x694bc4e54cc315f9UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"M23209") == 0xa3d7cb273b011721UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"2^23209-1") == 0x577c2f8b6115bfa5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x5a\xa9") == 0xb7ec8c1a769fb4c1UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xa9\x5a") == 0x5d5cfce63359ab19UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"391581216093") == 0x33b96c3cd65b5f71UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"391581*2^216093-1") == 0xd845097780602bb9UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x05\xf9\x9d\x03\x4c\x81") == 0x84d47645d02da3d5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"FEDCBA9876543210") == 0x83544f33b58773a5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xfe\xdc\xba\x98\x76\x54\x32\x10") == 0x9175cbb2160836c5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"EFCDAB8967452301") == 0xc71b3bc175e72bc5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\xef\xcd\xab\x89\x67\x45\x23\x01") == 0x636806ac222ec985UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"0123456789ABCDEF") == 0xb6ef0e6950f52ed5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x01\x23\x45\x67\x89\xab\xcd\xef") == 0xead3d8a0f3dfdaa5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"1032547698BADCFE") == 0x922908fe9a861ba5UL);
-    assert(hash(r10!"\x10\x32\x54\x76\x98\xba\xdc\xfe") == 0x6d4821de275fd5c5UL);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x00") == 0x1fe3fce62bd816b5UL);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x07") == 0xc23e9fccd6f70591UL);
-    assert(hash(r500!"~") == 0xc1af12bdfe16b5b5UL);
-    assert(hash(r500!"\x7f") == 0x39e9f18f2f85e221UL);
 }

source/tanya/hash/package.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)

source/tanya/math/nbtheory.d

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Number theory.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/math/nbtheory.d,
- *                 tanya/math/nbtheory.d)
- */
-module tanya.math.nbtheory;
-
-import tanya.math.mp;
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.meta.transform;
-
-version (TanyaNative)
-{
-    private extern float fabs(float) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-    private extern double fabs(double) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-    private extern real fabs(real) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-
-    private extern double log(double) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-    private extern float logf(float) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-    private extern real logl(real) @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
-}
-else
-{
-    import core.math : fabs;
-    import std.math : log;
-}
-
-/**
- * Calculates the absolute value of a number.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Argument type.
- *  x = Argument.
- *
- * Returns: Absolute value of $(D_PARAM x).
- */
-Unqual!T abs(T)(T x)
-if (isIntegral!T)
-{
-    static if (isSigned!T)
-    {
-        return x >= 0 ? x : -x;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return x;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int i = -1;
-    assert(i.abs == 1);
-    static assert(is(typeof(i.abs) == int));
-
-    uint u = 1;
-    assert(u.abs == 1);
-    static assert(is(typeof(u.abs) == uint));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-Unqual!T abs(T)(T x)
-if (isFloatingPoint!T)
-{
-    return fabs(x);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    float f = -1.64;
-    assert(f.abs == 1.64F);
-    static assert(is(typeof(f.abs) == float));
-
-    double d = -1.64;
-    assert(d.abs == 1.64);
-    static assert(is(typeof(d.abs) == double));
-
-    real r = -1.64;
-    assert(r.abs == 1.64L);
-    static assert(is(typeof(r.abs) == real));
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T abs(T : Integer)(const auto ref T x)
-{
-    auto result = Integer(x, x.allocator);
-    result.sign = Sign.positive;
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T abs(T : Integer)(T x)
-{
-    x.sign = Sign.positive;
-    return x;
-}
-
-version (D_Ddoc)
-{
-    /**
-     * Calculates natural logarithm of $(D_PARAM x).
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  T = Argument type.
-     *  x = Argument.
-     *
-     * Returns: Natural logarithm of $(D_PARAM x).
-     */
-    Unqual!T ln(T)(T x)
-    if (isFloatingPoint!T);
-}
-else version (TanyaNative)
-{
-    Unqual!T ln(T)(T x) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    if (isFloatingPoint!T)
-    {
-        static if (is(Unqual!T == float))
-        {
-            return logf(x);
-        }
-        else static if (is(Unqual!T == double))
-        {
-            return log(x);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return logl(x);
-        }
-    }
-}
-else
-{
-    Unqual!T ln(T)(T x)
-    if (isFloatingPoint!T)
-    {
-        return log(x);
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    import tanya.math;
-
-    assert(isNaN(ln(-7.389f)));
-    assert(isNaN(ln(-7.389)));
-    assert(isNaN(ln(-7.389L)));
-
-    assert(isInfinity(ln(0.0f)));
-    assert(isInfinity(ln(0.0)));
-    assert(isInfinity(ln(0.0L)));
-
-    assert(ln(1.0f) == 0.0f);
-    assert(ln(1.0) == 0.0);
-    assert(ln(1.0L) == 0.0L);
-}

source/tanya/math/package.d

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * be found in its submodules. $(D_PSYMBOL tanya.math) doesn't import any
  * submodules publically, they should be imported explicitly.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2022.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@
  */
 module tanya.math;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import std.math;
-import tanya.math.mp;
-import tanya.math.nbtheory;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 
@@ -255,21 +253,6 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!F)
     assert(classify(-real.infinity) == FloatingPointClass.infinite);
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static if (ieeePrecision!float == IEEEPrecision.doubleExtended)
-    {
-        assert(classify(1.68105e-10) == FloatingPointClass.normal);
-        assert(classify(1.68105e-4932L) == FloatingPointClass.subnormal);
-
-        // Emulate unnormals, because they aren't generated anymore since i386
-        FloatBits!real unnormal;
-        unnormal.exp = 0x123;
-        unnormal.mantissa = 0x1;
-        assert(classify(unnormal) == FloatingPointClass.subnormal);
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines whether $(D_PARAM x) is a finite number.
  *
@@ -560,182 +543,3 @@ if (isFloatingPoint!F)
     assert(signBit(-1.0L));
     assert(!signBit(1.0L));
 }
-
-/**
- * Computes $(D_PARAM x) to the power $(D_PARAM y) modulo $(D_PARAM z).
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM I) is an $(D_PSYMBOL Integer), the allocator of $(D_PARAM x)
- * is used to allocate the result.
- *
- * Params:
- *  I = Base type.
- *  G = Exponent type.
- *  H = Divisor type:
- *  x = Base.
- *  y = Exponent.
- *  z = Divisor.
- *
- * Returns: Reminder of the division of $(D_PARAM x) to the power $(D_PARAM y)
- *          by $(D_PARAM z).
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE z > 0)
- */
-H pow(I, G, H)(in auto ref I x, in auto ref G y, in auto ref H z)
-if (isIntegral!I && isIntegral!G && isIntegral!H)
-in
-{
-    assert(z > 0, "Division by zero.");
-}
-do
-{
-    G mask = G.max / 2 + 1;
-    H result;
-
-    if (y == 0)
-    {
-        return 1 % z;
-    }
-    else if (y == 1)
-    {
-        return x % z;
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        immutable bit = y & mask;
-        if (!result && bit)
-        {
-            result = x;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        result *= result;
-        if (bit)
-        {
-            result *= x;
-        }
-        result %= z;
-    }
-    while (mask >>= 1);
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// ditto
-I pow(I)(const auto ref I x, const auto ref I y, const auto ref I z)
-if (is(I == Integer))
-in
-{
-    assert(z.length > 0, "Division by zero.");
-}
-do
-{
-    size_t i;
-    auto tmp1 = Integer(x, x.allocator);
-    auto result = Integer(x.allocator);
-
-    if (x.size == 0 && y.size != 0)
-    {
-        i = y.size;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        result = 1;
-    }
-    while (i < y.size)
-    {
-        for (uint mask = 0x01; mask != 0x10000000; mask <<= 1)
-        {
-            if (y.rep[i] & mask)
-            {
-                result *= tmp1;
-                result %= z;
-            }
-            auto tmp2 = tmp1;
-            tmp1 *= tmp2;
-            tmp1 %= z;
-        }
-        ++i;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(pow(3, 5, 7) == 5);
-    assert(pow(2, 2, 1) == 0);
-    assert(pow(3, 3, 3) == 0);
-    assert(pow(7, 4, 2) == 1);
-    assert(pow(53, 0, 2) == 1);
-    assert(pow(53, 1, 3) == 2);
-    assert(pow(53, 2, 5) == 4);
-    assert(pow(0, 0, 5) == 1);
-    assert(pow(0, 5, 5) == 0);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(pow(Integer(3), Integer(5), Integer(7)) == 5);
-    assert(pow(Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(1)) == 0);
-    assert(pow(Integer(3), Integer(3), Integer(3)) == 0);
-    assert(pow(Integer(7), Integer(4), Integer(2)) == 1);
-    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(0), Integer(2)) == 1);
-    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(1), Integer(3)) == 2);
-    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(2), Integer(5)) == 4);
-    assert(pow(Integer(0), Integer(0), Integer(5)) == 1);
-    assert(pow(Integer(0), Integer(5), Integer(5)) == 0);
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if $(D_PARAM x) is a prime.
- *
- * Params:
- *  x = The number should be checked.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM x) is a prime number,
- *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
- */
-bool isPseudoprime(ulong x) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-{
-    return pow(2, x - 1, x) == 1;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(74623.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(104729.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(15485867.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(!15485868.isPseudoprime);
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(74653.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74687.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74699.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74707.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74713.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74717.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74719.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74747.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74759.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74761.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74771.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74779.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74797.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74821.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(74827.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(9973.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(49979693.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(104395303.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(593441861.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(104729.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(15485867.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(49979693.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(104395303.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(593441861.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(899809363.isPseudoprime);
-    assert(982451653.isPseudoprime);
-}

source/tanya/math/random.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Random number generator.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2022.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,12 +14,8 @@
  */
 module tanya.math.random;
 
-import std.digest.sha;
 import std.typecons;
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
-
-/// Block size of entropy accumulator (SHA-512).
-enum blockSize = 64;
 
 /// Maximum amount gathered from the entropy sources.
 enum maxGather = 128;
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@ class EntropyException : Exception
     this(string msg,
          string file = __FILE__,
          size_t line = __LINE__,
-         Throwable next = null) pure @safe nothrow const @nogc
+         Throwable next = null) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         super(msg, file, line, next);
     }
@@ -56,17 +52,17 @@ abstract class EntropySource
     /**
      * Returns: Minimum bytes required from the entropy source.
      */
-    @property ubyte threshold() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
+    @property ubyte threshold() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
 
     /**
      * Returns: Whether this entropy source is strong.
      */
-    @property bool strong() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
+    @property bool strong() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe;
 
     /**
      * Returns: Amount of already generated entropy.
      */
-    @property ushort size() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    @property ushort size() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         return size_;
     }
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ abstract class EntropySource
      *  size = Amount of already generated entropy. Cannot be smaller than the
      *         already set value.
      */
-    @property void size(ushort size) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    @property void size(ushort size) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
     {
         size_ = size;
     }
@@ -89,7 +85,10 @@ abstract class EntropySource
      *           to fill the buffer).
      *
      * Returns: Number of bytes that were copied to the $(D_PARAM output)
-     *          or $(D_PSYMBOL Nullable!ubyte.init) on error.
+     *          or nothing on error.
+     *
+     * Postcondition: Returned length is less than or equal to
+     *                $(D_PARAM output) length.
      */
     Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output) @nogc;
 }
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ else version (Solaris)
 version (linux)
 {
     import core.stdc.config : c_long;
-    extern (C) c_long syscall(c_long number, ...) nothrow @system @nogc;
+    private extern(C) c_long syscall(c_long number, ...) @nogc nothrow @system;
 
     /**
      * Uses getrandom system call.
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ version (linux)
         /**
          * Returns: Minimum bytes required from the entropy source.
          */
-        override @property ubyte threshold() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property ubyte threshold() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return 32;
         }
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ version (linux)
         /**
          * Returns: Whether this entropy source is strong.
          */
-        override @property bool strong() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property bool strong() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return true;
         }
@@ -149,12 +148,12 @@ version (linux)
          *           to fill the buffer).
          *
          * Returns: Number of bytes that were copied to the $(D_PARAM output)
-         *          or $(D_PSYMBOL Nullable!ubyte.init) on error.
+         *          or nothing on error.
          */
-        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output) nothrow @nogc
+        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output) @nogc nothrow
         out (length)
         {
-            assert(length <= maxGather);
+            assert(length.isNull || length.get <= maxGather);
         }
         do
         {
@@ -170,19 +169,11 @@ version (linux)
             return ret;
         }
     }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto entropy = defaultAllocator.make!Entropy();
-        ubyte[blockSize] output;
-        output = entropy.random;
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(entropy);
-    }
 }
 else version (SecureARC4Random)
 {
-    private extern (C) void arc4random_buf(scope void* buf, size_t nbytes) nothrow @nogc @system;
+    private extern(C) void arc4random_buf(scope void* buf, size_t nbytes)
+    @nogc nothrow @system;
 
     /**
      * Uses arc4random_buf.
@@ -192,7 +183,7 @@ else version (SecureARC4Random)
         /**
          * Returns: Minimum bytes required from the entropy source.
          */
-        override @property ubyte threshold() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property ubyte threshold() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return 32;
         }
@@ -200,7 +191,7 @@ else version (SecureARC4Random)
         /**
          * Returns: Whether this entropy source is strong.
          */
-        override @property bool strong() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property bool strong() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return true;
         }
@@ -213,23 +204,20 @@ else version (SecureARC4Random)
          *           to fill the buffer).
          *
          * Returns: Number of bytes that were copied to the $(D_PARAM output)
-         *          or $(D_PSYMBOL Nullable!ubyte.init) on error.
+         *          or nothing on error.
          */
-        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output) nothrow @nogc @safe
+        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output)
+        @nogc nothrow @safe
+        out (length)
+        {
+            assert(length.isNull || length.get <= maxGather);
+        }
+        do
         {
             (() @trusted => arc4random_buf(output.ptr, output.length))();
             return Nullable!ubyte(cast(ubyte) (output.length));
         }
     }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto entropy = defaultAllocator.make!Entropy();
-        ubyte[blockSize] output;
-        output = entropy.random;
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(entropy);
-    }
 }
 else version (Windows)
 {
@@ -248,22 +236,31 @@ else version (Windows)
         BOOL CryptReleaseContext(HCRYPTPROV, ULONG_PTR);
     }
 
-    private bool initCryptGenRandom(scope ref HCRYPTPROV hProvider) @nogc nothrow @trusted
+    private bool initCryptGenRandom(scope ref HCRYPTPROV hProvider)
+    @nogc nothrow @trusted
     {
         // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379886(v=vs.85).aspx
         // For performance reasons, we recommend that you set the pszContainer
         // parameter to NULL and the dwFlags parameter to CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT
         // in all situations where you do not require a persisted key.
-        // CRYPT_SILENT is intended for use with applications for which the UI cannot be displayed by the CSP.
+        // CRYPT_SILENT is intended for use with applications for which the UI
-        if (!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProvider, null, null, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_SILENT))
+        // cannot be displayed by the CSP.
+        if (!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProvider,
+                                  null,
+                                  null,
+                                  PROV_RSA_FULL,
+                                  CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_SILENT))
         {
-            if (GetLastError() == NTE_BAD_KEYSET)
+            if (GetLastError() != NTE_BAD_KEYSET)
             {
-                // Attempt to create default container
-                if (!CryptAcquireContextA(&hProvider, null, null, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_SILENT))
                 return false;
             }
-            else
+            // Attempt to create default container
+            if (!CryptAcquireContextA(&hProvider,
+                                      null,
+                                      null,
+                                      PROV_RSA_FULL,
+                                      CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_SILENT))
             {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -299,7 +296,7 @@ else version (Windows)
         /**
          * Returns: Minimum bytes required from the entropy source.
          */
-        override @property ubyte threshold() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property ubyte threshold() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return 32;
         }
@@ -307,7 +304,7 @@ else version (Windows)
         /**
          * Returns: Whether this entropy source is strong.
          */
-        override @property bool strong() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+        override @property bool strong() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
         {
             return true;
         }
@@ -320,16 +317,19 @@ else version (Windows)
          *           to fill the buffer).
          *
          * Returns: Number of bytes that were copied to the $(D_PARAM output)
-         *          or $(D_PSYMBOL Nullable!ubyte.init) on error.
+         *          or nothing on error.
          */
-        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output) @nogc nothrow @safe
+        override Nullable!ubyte poll(out ubyte[maxGather] output)
-        in
+        @nogc nothrow @safe
+        out (length)
         {
-            assert(hProvider > 0, "hProvider not properly initialized.");
+            assert(length.isNull || length.get <= maxGather);
         }
         do
         {
             Nullable!ubyte ret;
+
+            assert(hProvider > 0, "hProvider not properly initialized");
             if ((() @trusted => CryptGenRandom(hProvider, output.length, cast(PBYTE) output.ptr))())
             {
                 ret = cast(ubyte) (output.length);
@@ -337,185 +337,4 @@ else version (Windows)
             return ret;
         }
     }
-
-    @nogc @system unittest
-    {
-        auto entropy = defaultAllocator.make!Entropy();
-        ubyte[blockSize] output;
-        output = entropy.random;
-
-        defaultAllocator.dispose(entropy);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Pseudorandom number generator.
- * ---
- * auto entropy = defaultAllocator.make!Entropy();
- *
- * ubyte[blockSize] output;
- *
- * output = entropy.random;
- *
- * defaultAllocator.dispose(entropy);
- * ---
- */
-class Entropy
-{
-    /// Entropy sources.
-    protected EntropySource[] sources;
-
-    private ubyte sourceCount_;
-
-    /// Entropy accumulator.
-    protected SHA!(maxGather * 8, 512) accumulator;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *  maxSources = Maximum amount of entropy sources can be set.
-     *  allocator  = Allocator to allocate entropy sources available on the
-     *               system.
-     */
-    this(const size_t maxSources = 20,
-         shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator) @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(maxSources > 0 && maxSources <= ubyte.max);
-        assert(allocator !is null);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        allocator.resize(sources, maxSources);
-
-        static if (is(PlatformEntropySource))
-        {
-            this ~= allocator.make!PlatformEntropySource;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Amount of the registered entropy sources.
-     */
-    @property ubyte sourceCount() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return sourceCount_;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add an entropy source.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  source = Entropy source.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_PSYMBOL this).
-     *
-     * See_Also:
-     *  $(D_PSYMBOL EntropySource)
-     */
-    Entropy opOpAssign(string op)(EntropySource source)
-    pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    if (op == "~")
-    in
-    {
-        assert(sourceCount_ <= sources.length);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        sources[sourceCount_++] = source;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Generated random sequence.
-     *
-     * Throws: $(D_PSYMBOL EntropyException) if no strong entropy source was
-     *         registered or it failed.
-     */
-    @property ubyte[blockSize] random() @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(sourceCount_ > 0, "No entropy sources defined.");
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        bool haveStrong;
-        ushort done;
-        ubyte[blockSize] output;
-
-        do
-        {
-            ubyte[maxGather] buffer;
-
-            // Run through our entropy sources
-            for (ubyte i; i < sourceCount; ++i)
-            {
-                auto outputLength = sources[i].poll(buffer);
-
-                if (!outputLength.isNull)
-                {
-                    if (outputLength > 0)
-                    {
-                        update(i, buffer, outputLength);
-                        sources[i].size = cast(ushort) (sources[i].size + outputLength);
-                    }
-                    if (sources[i].size < sources[i].threshold)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    else if (sources[i].strong)
-                    {
-                        haveStrong = true;
-                    }
-                }
-                done = 257;
-            }
-        }
-        while (++done < 256);
-
-        if (!haveStrong)
-        {
-            throw defaultAllocator.make!EntropyException("No strong entropy source defined.");
-        }
-
-        output = accumulator.finish();
-
-        // Reset accumulator and counters and recycle existing entropy
-        accumulator.start();
-
-        // Perform second SHA-512 on entropy
-        output = sha512Of(output);
-
-        for (ubyte i; i < sourceCount; ++i)
-        {
-            sources[i].size = 0;
-        }
-        return output;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Update entropy accumulator.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  sourceId = Entropy source index in $(D_PSYMBOL sources).
-     *  data     = Data got from the entropy source.
-     *  length   = Length of the received data.
-     */
-    protected void update(in ubyte sourceId,
-                          ref ubyte[maxGather] data,
-                          ubyte length) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        ubyte[2] header;
-
-        if (length > blockSize)
-        {
-            data[0 .. 64] = sha512Of(data);
-            length = blockSize;
-        }
-
-        header[0] = sourceId;
-        header[1] = length;
-
-        accumulator.put(header);
-        accumulator.put(data[0 .. length]);
-    }
 }

source/tanya/memory/allocator.d

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * This module contains the interface for implementing custom allocators.
- *
- * Allocators are classes encapsulating memory allocation strategy. This allows
- * to decouple memory management from the algorithms and the data. 
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/allocator.d,
- *                 tanya/memory/allocator.d)
- */
-module tanya.memory.allocator;
-
-/**
- * Abstract class implementing a basic allocator.
- */
-interface Allocator
-{
-    /**
-     * Returns: Alignment offered.
-     */
-    @property uint alignment() const shared pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Allocates $(D_PARAM size) bytes of memory.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  size = Amount of memory to allocate.
-     *
-     * Returns: Pointer to the new allocated memory.
-     */
-    void[] allocate(size_t size) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Deallocates a memory block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  p = A pointer to the memory block to be freed.
-     *
-     * Returns: Whether the deallocation was successful.
-     */
-    bool deallocate(void[] p) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Increases or decreases the size of a memory block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
-     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
-     *
-     * Returns: Pointer to the allocated memory.
-     */
-    bool reallocate(ref void[] p, size_t size) shared pure nothrow @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Reallocates a memory block in place if possible or returns
-     * $(D_KEYWORD false). This function cannot be used to allocate or
-     * deallocate memory, so if $(D_PARAM p) is $(D_KEYWORD null) or
-     * $(D_PARAM size) is `0`, it should return $(D_KEYWORD false).
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
-     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if successful, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
-     */
-    bool reallocateInPlace(ref void[] p, size_t size)
-    shared pure nothrow @nogc;
-}
-
-package template GetPureInstance(T : Allocator)
-{
-    alias GetPureInstance = shared(T) function()
-                            pure nothrow @nogc;
-}

source/tanya/meta/transform.d

@@ -1,981 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Type transformations.
- *
- * Templates in this module can be used to modify type qualifiers or transform
- * types. They take some type as argument and return a different type after
- * perfoming the specified transformation.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/transform.d,
- *                 tanya/meta/transform.d)
- */
-module tanya.meta.transform;
-
-import tanya.meta.metafunction;
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-
-/**
- * Removes any type qualifiers from $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Removed qualifiers are:
- * $(UL
- *  $(LI const)
- *  $(LI immutable)
- *  $(LI inout)
- *  $(LI shared)
- * )
- * and combinations of these.
- *
- * If the type $(D_PARAM T) doesn't have any qualifieres,
- * $(D_INLINECODE Unqual!T) becomes an alias for $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM T) without any type qualifiers.
- */
-template Unqual(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T U == const U)
-            || is(T U == immutable U)
-            || is(T U == inout U)
-            || is(T U == inout const U)
-            || is(T U == shared U)
-            || is(T U == shared const U)
-            || is(T U == shared inout U)
-            || is(T U == shared inout const U))
-    {
-        alias Unqual = U;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias Unqual = T;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Unqual!bool == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(immutable bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(inout bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(inout const bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared const bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(Unqual!(shared inout const bool) == bool));
-}
-
-/**
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is an $(D_KEYWORD enum), $(D_INLINECODE OriginalType!T)
- * evaluates to the most base type of that $(D_KEYWORD enum) and to
- * $(D_PARAM T) otherwise.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: Base type of the $(D_KEYWORD enum) $(D_PARAM T) or $(D_PARAM T)
- *          itself.
- */
-template OriginalType(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T U == enum))
-    {
-        alias OriginalType = OriginalType!U;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias OriginalType = T;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    enum E1 : const(int)
-    {
-        n = 0,
-    }
-    enum E2 : bool
-    {
-        t = true,
-    }
-    enum E3 : E2
-    {
-        t = E2.t,
-    }
-    enum E4 : const(E2)
-    {
-        t = E2.t,
-    }
-
-    static assert(is(OriginalType!E1 == const int));
-    static assert(is(OriginalType!E2 == bool));
-    static assert(is(OriginalType!E3 == bool));
-    static assert(is(OriginalType!E4 == bool));
-    static assert(is(OriginalType!(const E4) == bool));
-}
-
-/**
- * Copies constness of $(D_PARAM From) to $(D_PARAM To).
- *
- * The following type qualifiers affect the constness and hence are copied:
- * $(UL
- *  $(LI const)
- *  $(LI immutable)
- *  $(LI inout)
- *  $(LI inout const)
- * )
- *
- * Params:
- *  From = Source type.
- *  To   = Target type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM To) with the constness of $(D_PARAM From).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL CopyTypeQualifiers).
- */
-template CopyConstness(From, To)
-{
-    static if (is(From T == immutable T))
-    {
-        alias CopyConstness = immutable To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == const T) || is(From T == shared const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyConstness = const To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == inout T) || is(From T == shared inout T))
-    {
-        alias CopyConstness = inout To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == inout const T)
-                 || is(From T == shared inout const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyConstness = inout const To;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias CopyConstness = To;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(int, char) == char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, char) == const char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(immutable int, char) == immutable char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout int, char) == inout char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout const int, char) == inout const char));
-
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared int, char) == char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared const int, char) == const char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout int, char) == inout char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout const int, char) == inout const char));
-
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, shared char) == shared const char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, immutable char) == immutable char));
-    static assert(is(CopyConstness!(immutable int, const char) == immutable char));
-}
-
-/**
- * Copies type qualifiers of $(D_PARAM From) to $(D_PARAM To).
- *
- * Type qualifiers copied are:
- * $(UL
- *  $(LI const)
- *  $(LI immutable)
- *  $(LI inout)
- *  $(LI shared)
- * )
- * and combinations of these.
- *
- * Params:
- *  From = Source type.
- *  To   = Target type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM To) with the type qualifiers of $(D_PARAM From).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL CopyConstness).
- */
-template CopyTypeQualifiers(From, To)
-{
-    static if (is(From T == immutable T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = immutable To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = const To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == shared T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = shared To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == shared const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = shared const To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == inout T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = inout To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == shared inout T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = shared inout To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == inout const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = inout const To;
-    }
-    else static if (is(From T == shared inout const T))
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = shared inout const To;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias CopyTypeQualifiers = To;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(int, char) == char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(const int, char) == const char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(immutable int, char) == immutable char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(inout int, char) == inout char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(inout const int, char) == inout const char));
-
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared int, char) == shared char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared const int, char) == shared const char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared inout int, char) == shared inout char));
-    static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared inout const int, char) == shared inout const char));
-}
-
-/**
- * Evaluates to the unsigned counterpart of the integral type $(D_PARAM T) preserving all type qualifiers.
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is already unsigned, $(D_INLINECODE Unsigned!T) aliases $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: Unsigned counterpart of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isSigned).
- */
-template Unsigned(T)
-if (isIntegral!T)
-{
-    alias UnqualedType = Unqual!(OriginalType!T);
-    static if (is(UnqualedType == byte))
-    {
-        alias Unsigned = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, ubyte);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == short))
-    {
-        alias Unsigned = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, ushort);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == int))
-    {
-        alias Unsigned = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, uint);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == long))
-    {
-        alias Unsigned = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, ulong);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias Unsigned = T;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!byte == ubyte));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!short == ushort));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!int == uint));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!long == ulong));
-
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!(const byte) == const ubyte));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!(shared byte) == shared ubyte));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!(shared const byte) == shared const ubyte));
-
-    static assert(!is(Unsigned!float));
-    static assert(is(Unsigned!ubyte == ubyte));
-}
-
-/**
- * Evaluates to the signed counterpart of the integral type $(D_PARAM T) preserving all type qualifiers.
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is already signed, $(D_INLINECODE Signed!T) aliases $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: Signed counterpart of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isUnsigned).
- */
-template Signed(T)
-if (isIntegral!T)
-{
-    alias UnqualedType = Unqual!(OriginalType!T);
-    static if (is(UnqualedType == ubyte))
-    {
-        alias Signed = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, byte);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == ushort))
-    {
-        alias Signed = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, short);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == uint))
-    {
-        alias Signed = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, int);
-    }
-    else static if (is(UnqualedType == ulong))
-    {
-        alias Signed = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, long);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias Signed = T;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Signed!ubyte == byte));
-    static assert(is(Signed!ushort == short));
-    static assert(is(Signed!uint == int));
-    static assert(is(Signed!ulong == long));
-
-    static assert(is(Signed!(const ubyte) == const byte));
-    static assert(is(Signed!(shared ubyte) == shared byte));
-    static assert(is(Signed!(shared const ubyte) == shared const byte));
-
-    static assert(!is(Signed!float));
-    static assert(is(Signed!byte == byte));
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the target type `U` of a pointer `U*`.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Pointer type.
- *
- * Returns: Pointer target type.
- */
-template PointerTarget(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T U : U*))
-    {
-        alias PointerTarget = U;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(T.stringof ~ " isn't a pointer type");
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(bool*) == bool));
-    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(const bool*) == const bool));
-    static assert(is(PointerTarget!(const shared bool*) == const shared bool));
-    static assert(!is(PointerTarget!bool));
-}
-
-/**
- * Params:
- *  T = The type of the associative array.
- *
- * Returns: The key type of the associative array $(D_PARAM T).
- */
-template KeyType(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T V : V[K], K))
-    {
-        alias KeyType = K;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " isn't an associative array");
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(KeyType!(int[string]) == string));
-    static assert(!is(KeyType!(int[15])));
-}
-
-/**
- * Params:
- *  T = The type of the associative array.
- *
- * Returns: The value type of the associative array $(D_PARAM T).
- */
-template ValueType(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T V : V[K], K))
-    {
-        alias ValueType = V;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " isn't an associative array");
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(ValueType!(int[string]) == int));
-    static assert(!is(ValueType!(int[15])));
-}
-
-/**
- * Params:
- *  T = Scalar type.
- *
- * Returns: The type $(D_PARAM T) will promote to.
- *
- * See_Also: $(LINK2 https://dlang.org/spec/type.html#integer-promotions,
- *                   Integer Promotions).
- */
-template Promoted(T)
-if (isScalarType!T)
-{
-    alias Promoted = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, typeof(T.init + T.init));
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Promoted!bool == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!byte == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!ubyte == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!short == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!ushort == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!char == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!wchar == int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!dchar == uint));
-
-    static assert(is(Promoted!(const bool) == const int));
-    static assert(is(Promoted!(shared bool) == shared int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
- */
-alias InoutOf(T) = inout(T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(InoutOf!int == inout int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
- */
-alias ConstOf(T) = const(T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(ConstOf!int == const int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
- */
-alias SharedOf(T) = shared(T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(SharedOf!int == shared int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(T)).
- */
-alias SharedInoutOf(T) = shared(inout T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(SharedInoutOf!int == shared inout int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD shared const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE shared(const T)).
- */
-alias SharedConstOf(T) = shared(const T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(SharedConstOf!int == shared const int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD immutable) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE immutable(T)).
- */
-alias ImmutableOf(T) = immutable(T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(ImmutableOf!int == immutable int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD inout const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE inout(const T)).
- */
-alias InoutConstOf(T) = inout(const T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(InoutConstOf!int == inout const int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds $(D_KEYWORD shared inout const) qualifier to the type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE shared(inout const T)).
- */
-alias SharedInoutConstOf(T) = shared(inout const T);
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(SharedInoutConstOf!int == shared inout const int));
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a template with one argument which applies all qualifiers of
- * $(D_PARAM T) on its argument if instantiated.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = A type.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_INLINECODE shared(inout const T)).
- */
-template QualifierOf(T)
-{
-    static if (is(T U == const U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = ConstOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == immutable U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = ImmutableOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == inout U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = InoutOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == inout const U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = InoutConstOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == shared U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = SharedOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == shared const U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = SharedConstOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == shared inout U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = SharedInoutOf;
-    }
-    else static if (is(T U == shared inout const U))
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf = SharedInoutConstOf;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias QualifierOf(T) = T;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    alias MutableOf = QualifierOf!int;
-    static assert(is(MutableOf!uint == uint));
-
-    alias ConstOf = QualifierOf!(const int);
-    static assert(is(ConstOf!uint == const uint));
-
-    alias InoutOf = QualifierOf!(inout int);
-    static assert(is(InoutOf!uint == inout uint));
-
-    alias InoutConstOf = QualifierOf!(inout const int);
-    static assert(is(InoutConstOf!uint == inout const uint));
-
-    alias ImmutableOf = QualifierOf!(immutable int);
-    static assert(is(ImmutableOf!uint == immutable uint));
-
-    alias SharedOf = QualifierOf!(shared int);
-    static assert(is(SharedOf!uint == shared uint));
-
-    alias SharedConstOf = QualifierOf!(shared const int);
-    static assert(is(SharedConstOf!uint == shared const uint));
-
-    alias SharedInoutOf = QualifierOf!(shared inout int);
-    static assert(is(SharedInoutOf!uint == shared inout uint));
-
-    alias SharedInoutConstOf = QualifierOf!(shared inout const int);
-    static assert(is(SharedInoutConstOf!uint == shared inout const uint));
-}
-
-/**
- * Determines the type of $(D_PARAM T). If $(D_PARAM T) is already a type,
- * $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf) aliases itself to $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf) evaluates to $(D_KEYWORD void) for template arguments.
- *
- * The symbols that don't have a type and aren't types cannot be used as
- * arguments to $(D_PSYMBOL TypeOf).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Expression, type or template.
- *
- * Returns: The type of $(D_PARAM T).
- */
-alias TypeOf(T) = T;
-
-/// ditto
-template TypeOf(alias T)
-if (isExpressions!T || __traits(isTemplate, T))
-{
-    alias TypeOf = typeof(T);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    struct S(T)
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(TypeOf!S == void));
-    static assert(is(TypeOf!int == int));
-    static assert(is(TypeOf!true == bool));
-    static assert(!is(TypeOf!(tanya.meta)));
-}
-
-// e.g. returns int for int**.
-private template FinalPointerTarget(T)
-{
-    static if (isPointer!T)
-    {
-        alias FinalPointerTarget = FinalPointerTarget!(PointerTarget!T);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias FinalPointerTarget = T;
-    }
-}
-
-// Returns true if T1 is void* and T2 is some pointer.
-private template voidAndPointer(T1, T2)
-{
-    enum bool voidAndPointer = is(Unqual!(PointerTarget!T1) == void)
-                            && isPointer!T2;
-}
-
-// Type returned by the ternary operator.
-private alias TernaryType(T, U) = typeof(true ? T.init : U.init);
-
-/**
- * Determines the type all $(D_PARAM Args) can be implicitly converted to.
- *
- * $(OL
- *  $(LI If one of the arguments is $(D_KEYWORD void), the common type is
- *       $(D_KEYWORD void).)
- *  $(LI The common type of integers with the same sign is the type with a
- *       larger size. Signed and unsigned integers don't have a common type.
- *       Type qualifiers are only preserved if all arguments are the same
- *       type.)
- *  $(LI The common type of floating point numbers is the type with more
- *       precision. Type qualifiers are only preserved if all arguments are
- *       the same type.)
- *  $(LI The common type of polymorphic objects is the next, more generic type
- *       both objects inherit from, e.g. $(D_PSYMBOL Object).)
- *  $(LI `void*` is concerned as a common type of pointers only if one of the
- *       arguments is a void pointer.)
- *  $(LI Other types have a common type only if their pointers have a common
- *       type. It means that for example $(D_KEYWORD bool) and $(D_KEYWORD int)
-         don't have a common type. If the types fullfill this condition, the
-         common type is determined with the ternary operator, i.e.
-         `typeof(true ? T1.init : T2.init)` is evaluated.)
- * )
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM Args) don't have a common type, $(D_PSYMBOL CommonType) is
- * $(D_KEYWORD void).
- *
- * Params:
- *  Args = Type list.
- *
- * Returns: Common type for $(D_PARAM Args) or $(D_KEYWORD void) if
- *          $(D_PARAM Args) don't have a common type.
- */
-template CommonType(Args...)
-if (allSatisfy!(isType, Args))
-{
-    static if (Args.length == 0
-            || is(Unqual!(Args[0]) == void)
-            || is(Unqual!(Args[1]) == void))
-    {
-        alias CommonType = void;
-    }
-    else static if (Args.length == 1)
-    {
-        alias CommonType = Args[0];
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        private alias Pair = Args[0 .. 2];
-        private enum bool sameSigned = allSatisfy!(isIntegral, Pair)
-                                    && isSigned!(Args[0]) == isSigned!(Args[1]);
-
-        static if (is(Args[0] == Args[1]))
-        {
-            alias CommonType = CommonType!(Args[0], Args[2 .. $]);
-        }
-        else static if (sameSigned || allSatisfy!(isFloatingPoint, Pair))
-        {
-            alias CommonType = CommonType!(Unqual!(Largest!Pair),
-                                           Args[2 .. $]);
-        }
-        else static if (voidAndPointer!Pair
-                     || voidAndPointer!(Args[1], Args[0]))
-        {
-            // Workaround for https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15557.
-            // Determine the qualifiers returned by the ternary operator as if
-            // both pointers were int*. Then copy the qualifiers to void*.
-            alias P1 = CopyTypeQualifiers!(FinalPointerTarget!(Args[0]), int)*;
-            alias P2 = CopyTypeQualifiers!(FinalPointerTarget!(Args[1]), int)*;
-            static if (is(TernaryType!(P1, P2) U))
-            {
-                alias CommonType = CopyTypeQualifiers!(PointerTarget!U, void)*;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                alias CommonType = void;
-            }
-        }
-        else static if ((isPointer!(Args[0]) || isPolymorphicType!(Args[0]))
-                     && is(TernaryType!Pair U))
-        {
-            alias CommonType = CommonType!(U, Args[2 .. $]);
-        }
-        else static if (is(TernaryType!(Args[0]*, Args[1]*)))
-        {
-            alias CommonType = CommonType!(TernaryType!Pair, Args[2 .. $]);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            alias CommonType = void;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int, int, int) == int));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(ubyte, ushort, uint) == uint));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int, uint) == void));
-
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int, const int) == int));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const int, const int) == const int));
-
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int[], const(int)[]) == const(int)[]));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(string, char[]) == const(char)[]));
-
-    class A
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const A, Object) == const Object));
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(void*, int*) == void*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(void*, const(int)*) == const(void)*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(void*, const(void)*) == const(void)*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int*, void*) == void*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const(int)*, void*) == const(void)*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const(void)*, void*) == const(void)*));
-
-    static assert(is(CommonType!() == void));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int*, const(int)*) == const(int)*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int**, const(int)**) == const(int*)*));
-
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(float, double) == double));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(float, int) == void));
-
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(bool, const bool) == bool));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int, bool) == void));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(int, void) == void));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(Object, void*) == void));
-
-    class A
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(A, Object) == Object));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const(A)*, Object*) == const(Object)*));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(A, typeof(null)) == A));
-
-    class B : A
-    {
-    }
-    class C : A
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(B, C) == A));
-
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int opCast(T : int)()
-        {
-            return 1;
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(S, int) == void));
-    static assert(is(CommonType!(const S, S) == const S));
-}
-
-/**
- * Finds the type with the smallest size in the $(D_PARAM Args) list. If
- * several types have the same type, the leftmost is returned.
- *
- * Params:
- *  Args = Type list.
- *
- * Returns: The smallest type.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL Largest).
- */
-template Smallest(Args...)
-if (Args.length >= 1)
-{
-    static assert(is(Args[0]), T.stringof ~ " doesn't have .sizeof property");
-
-    static if (Args.length == 1)
-    {
-        alias Smallest = Args[0];
-    }
-    else static if (Smallest!(Args[1 .. $]).sizeof < Args[0].sizeof)
-    {
-        alias Smallest = Smallest!(Args[1 .. $]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias Smallest = Args[0];
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Smallest!(int, ushort, uint, short) == ushort));
-    static assert(is(Smallest!(short) == short));
-    static assert(is(Smallest!(ubyte[8], ubyte[5]) == ubyte[5]));
-    static assert(!is(Smallest!(short, 5)));
-}
-
-/**
- * Finds the type with the largest size in the $(D_PARAM Args) list. If several
- * types have the same type, the leftmost is returned.
- *
- * Params:
- *  Args = Type list.
- *
- * Returns: The largest type.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL Smallest).
- */
-template Largest(Args...)
-if (Args.length >= 1)
-{
-    static assert(is(Args[0]), T.stringof ~ " doesn't have .sizeof property");
-
-    static if (Args.length == 1)
-    {
-        alias Largest = Args[0];
-    }
-    else static if (Largest!(Args[1 .. $]).sizeof > Args[0].sizeof)
-    {
-        alias Largest = Largest!(Args[1 .. $]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias Largest = Args[0];
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Largest!(int, short, uint) == int));
-    static assert(is(Largest!(short) == short));
-    static assert(is(Largest!(ubyte[8], ubyte[5]) == ubyte[8]));
-    static assert(!is(Largest!(short, 5)));
-}

source/tanya/net/iface.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Network interfaces.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,25 +14,30 @@
  */
 module tanya.net.iface;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.string;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range;
 
-version (TanyaNative)
+version (Windows)
 {
-    import mir.linux._asm.unistd;
+    private union NET_LUID_LH { ulong Value, Info; }
-    import tanya.sys.linux.syscall;
+    private alias NET_LUID = NET_LUID_LH;
-    import tanya.sys.posix.ioctl;
+    private alias NET_IFINDEX = uint;
-    import tanya.sys.posix.net.if_;
+    private enum IF_MAX_STRING_SIZE = 256;
-    import tanya.sys.posix.socket;
+    extern(Windows) @nogc nothrow private @system
-}
+    {
-else version (Windows)
+        uint ConvertInterfaceNameToLuidA(const(char)* InterfaceName,
-{
+            NET_LUID* InterfaceLuid);
-    import tanya.sys.windows.ifdef;
+        uint ConvertInterfaceLuidToIndex(const(NET_LUID)* InterfaceLuid,
-    import tanya.sys.windows.iphlpapi;
+            NET_IFINDEX* InterfaceIndex);
+        uint ConvertInterfaceIndexToLuid(NET_IFINDEX InterfaceIndex,
+            NET_LUID* InterfaceLuid);
+        uint ConvertInterfaceLuidToNameA(const(NET_LUID)* InterfaceLuid,
+            char* InterfaceName,
+            size_t Length);
+    }
 }
 else version (Posix)
 {
@@ -53,39 +58,7 @@ else version (Posix)
 uint nameToIndex(R)(R name) @trusted
 if (isInputRange!R && is(Unqual!(ElementType!R) == char) && hasLength!R)
 {
-    version (TanyaNative)
+    version (Windows)
-    {
-        if (name.length >= IF_NAMESIZE)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        ifreq ifreq_ = void;
-
-        copy(name, ifreq_.ifr_name[]);
-        ifreq_.ifr_name[name.length] = '\0';
-
-        auto socket = syscall(AF_INET,
-                              SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC,
-                              0,
-                              NR_socket);
-        if (socket <= 0)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        scope (exit)
-        {
-            syscall(socket, NR_close);
-        }
-        if (syscall(socket,
-                    SIOCGIFINDEX,
-                    cast(ptrdiff_t) &ifreq_,
-                    NR_ioctl) == 0)
-        {
-            return ifreq_.ifr_ifindex;
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else version (Windows)
     {
         if (name.length > IF_MAX_STRING_SIZE)
         {
@@ -156,33 +129,7 @@ String indexToName(uint index) @nogc nothrow @trusted
 {
     import tanya.memory.op : findNullTerminated;
 
-    version (TanyaNative)
+    version (Windows)
-    {
-        ifreq ifreq_ = void;
-        ifreq_.ifr_ifindex = index;
-
-        auto socket = syscall(AF_INET,
-                              SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC,
-                              0,
-                              NR_socket);
-        if (socket <= 0)
-        {
-            return String();
-        }
-        scope (exit)
-        {
-            syscall(socket, NR_close);
-        }
-        if (syscall(socket,
-                    SIOCGIFNAME,
-                    cast(ptrdiff_t) &ifreq_,
-                    NR_ioctl) == 0)
-        {
-            return String(findNullTerminated(ifreq_.ifr_name));
-        }
-        return String();
-    }
-    else version (Windows)
     {
         NET_LUID luid;
         if (ConvertInterfaceIndexToLuid(index, &luid) != 0)
@@ -210,19 +157,22 @@ String indexToName(uint index) @nogc nothrow @trusted
     }
 }
 
-@nogc nothrow @safe unittest
+/**
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily) specifies a communication domain; this selects
+ * the protocol family which will be used for communication.
+ */
+enum AddressFamily : int
 {
-    version (linux)
+    unspec    = 0,     /// Unspecified.
-    {
+    local     = 1,     /// Local to host (pipes and file-domain).
-        assert(equal(indexToName(1)[], "lo"));
+    unix      = local, /// POSIX name for PF_LOCAL.
-    }
+    inet      = 2,     /// IP protocol family.
-    else version (Windows)
+    ax25      = 3,     /// Amateur Radio AX.25.
-    {
+    ipx       = 4,     /// Novell Internet Protocol.
-        assert(equal(indexToName(1)[], "loopback_0"));
+    appletalk = 5,     /// Appletalk DDP.
-    }
+    netrom    = 6,     /// Amateur radio NetROM.
-    else
+    bridge    = 7,     /// Multiprotocol bridge.
-    {
+    atmpvc    = 8,     /// ATM PVCs.
-        assert(equal(indexToName(1)[], "lo0"));
+    x25       = 9,     /// Reserved for X.25 project.
-    }
+    inet6     = 10,    /// IP version 6.
-    assert(indexToName(uint.max).empty);
 }

source/tanya/net/inet.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Internet utilities.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -189,15 +189,6 @@ if (L > ubyte.sizeof && L <= ulong.sizeof)
     assert(networkOrder.empty);
 }
 
-// Static tests
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(NetworkOrder!4));
-    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(NetworkOrder!8));
-    static assert(!is(NetworkOrder!9));
-    static assert(!is(NetworkOrder!1));
-}
-
 /**
  * Converts the $(D_KEYWORD ubyte) input range $(D_PARAM range) to
  * $(D_PARAM T).

source/tanya/net/package.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Network programming.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2022.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,5 +14,7 @@
  */
 module tanya.net;
 
+public import tanya.net.iface;
 public import tanya.net.inet;
+public import tanya.net.ip;
 public import tanya.net.uri;

source/tanya/net/uri.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * URL parser.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -14,14 +14,9 @@
  */
 module tanya.net.uri;
 
+import std.ascii;
 import tanya.conv;
-import tanya.encoding.ascii;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
-import tanya.memory;
-
-version (unittest)
-{
-    import tanya.test.assertion;
-}
 
 /**
  * Thrown if an invalid URI was specified.
@@ -370,90 +365,6 @@ struct URL
     assert(u.fragment == "fragment");
 }
 
-@nogc pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto u = URL("127.0.0.1");
-    assert(u.path == "127.0.0.1");
-
-    u = URL("http://127.0.0.1");
-    assert(u.scheme == "http");
-    assert(u.host == "127.0.0.1");
-
-    u = URL("http://127.0.0.1:9000");
-    assert(u.scheme == "http");
-    assert(u.host == "127.0.0.1");
-    assert(u.port == 9000);
-
-    u = URL("127.0.0.1:80");
-    assert(u.host == "127.0.0.1");
-    assert(u.port == 80);
-    assert(u.path is null);
-
-    u = URL("//example.net");
-    assert(u.host == "example.net");
-    assert(u.scheme is null);
-
-    u = URL("//example.net?q=before:after");
-    assert(u.host == "example.net");
-    assert(u.query == "q=before:after");
-
-    u = URL("localhost:8080");
-    assert(u.host == "localhost");
-    assert(u.port == 8080);
-    assert(u.path is null);
-
-    u = URL("ftp:");
-    assert(u.scheme == "ftp");
-
-    u = URL("file:///C:\\Users");
-    assert(u.scheme == "file");
-    assert(u.path == "C:\\Users");
-
-    u = URL("localhost:66000");
-    assert(u.scheme == "localhost");
-    assert(u.path == "66000");
-
-    u = URL("file:///home/");
-    assert(u.scheme == "file");
-    assert(u.path == "/home/");
-
-    u = URL("file:///home/?q=asdf");
-    assert(u.scheme == "file");
-    assert(u.path == "/home/");
-    assert(u.query == "q=asdf");
-
-    u = URL("http://secret@example.org");
-    assert(u.scheme == "http");
-    assert(u.host == "example.org");
-    assert(u.user == "secret");
-
-    u = URL("h_tp://:80");
-    assert(u.path == "h_tp://:80");
-    assert(u.port == 0);
-
-    u = URL("zlib:/home/user/file.gz");
-    assert(u.scheme == "zlib");
-    assert(u.path == "/home/user/file.gz");
-
-    u = URL("h_tp:asdf");
-    assert(u.path == "h_tp:asdf");
-}
-
-@nogc pure @system unittest
-{
-    assertThrown!URIException(() => URL("http://:80"));
-    assertThrown!URIException(() => URL(":80"));
-    assertThrown!URIException(() => URL("http://u1:p1@u2:p2@example.org"));
-    assertThrown!URIException(() => URL("http://blah.com:port"));
-    assertThrown!URIException(() => URL("http://blah.com:66000"));
-}
-
-@nogc pure @system unittest
-{
-    auto u = URL("ftp://");
-    assert(u.scheme == "ftp");
-}
-
 /**
  * Attempts to parse an URL from a string and returns the specified component
  * of the URL or $(D_PSYMBOL URL) if no component is specified.

source/tanya/range/adapter.d

@@ -3,260 +3,206 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Range adapters.
+ * Range adapters transform some data structures into ranges.
  *
- * A range adapter wraps another range and modifies the way, how the original
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2020.
- * range is iterated, or the order in which its elements are accessed.
- *
- * All adapters are lazy algorithms, they request the next element of the
- * adapted range on demand.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/range/adapter.d,
  *                 tanya/range/adapter.d)
  */
-deprecated("Use tanya.algorithm.iteration instead")
 module tanya.range.adapter;
 
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.math;
+import tanya.memory.lifetime;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
+import tanya.meta.trait;
+import tanya.range;
 
-private mixin template Take(R, bool exactly)
+private mixin template InserterCtor()
 {
-    private R source;
+    private Container* container;
-    size_t length_;
 
-    @disable this();
+    private this(return scope ref Container container) @trusted
-
-    private this(R source, size_t length)
     {
-        this.source = source;
+        this.container = &container;
-        static if (!exactly && hasLength!R)
-        {
-            this.length_ = min(source.length, length);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            this.length_ = length;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @property auto ref front()
-    in
-    {
-        assert(!empty);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        return this.source.front;
-    }
-
-    void popFront()
-    in
-    {
-        assert(!empty);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        this.source.popFront();
-        --this.length_;
-    }
-
-    @property bool empty()
-    {
-        static if (exactly || isInfinite!R)
-        {
-            return length == 0;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return length == 0 || this.source.empty;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @property size_t length()
-    {
-        return this.length_;
-    }
-
-    static if (hasAssignableElements!R)
-    {
-        @property void front(ref ElementType!R value)
-        in
-        {
-            assert(!empty);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            this.source.front = value;
-        }
-
-        @property void front(ElementType!R value)
-        in
-        {
-            assert(!empty);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            this.source.front = move(value);
-        }
-    }
-
-    static if (isForwardRange!R)
-    {
-        typeof(this) save()
-        {
-            return typeof(this)(this.source.save(), length);
-        }
-    }
-    static if (isRandomAccessRange!R)
-    {
-        @property auto ref back()
-        in
-        {
-            assert(!empty);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            return this.source[this.length - 1];
-        }
-
-        void popBack()
-        in
-        {
-            assert(!empty);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            --this.length_;
-        }
-
-        auto ref opIndex(size_t i)
-        in
-        {
-            assert(i < length);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            return this.source[i];
-        }
-
-        static if (hasAssignableElements!R)
-        {
-            @property void back(ref ElementType!R value)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(!empty);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[length - 1] = value;
-            }
-
-            @property void back(ElementType!R value)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(!empty);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[length - 1] = move(value);
-            }
-
-            void opIndexAssign(ref ElementType!R value, size_t i)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(i < length);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[i] = value;
-            }
-
-            void opIndexAssign(ElementType!R value, size_t i)
-            in
-            {
-                assert(i < length);
-            }
-            do
-            {
-                this.source[i] = move(value);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    static if (hasSlicing!R)
-    {
-        auto opSlice(size_t i, size_t j)
-        in
-        {
-            assert(i <= j);
-            assert(j <= length);
-        }
-        do
-        {
-            return take(this.source[i .. j], length);
-        }
     }
 }
 
 /**
- * Takes $(D_PARAM n) elements from $(D_PARAM range).
+ * If $(D_PARAM container) is a container with `insertBack`-support,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL backInserter) returns an output range that puts the elements
+ * into the container with `insertBack`.
  *
- * If $(D_PARAM range) doesn't have $(D_PARAM n) elements, the resulting range
+ * The resulting output range supports all types `insertBack` supports.
- * spans all elements of $(D_PARAM range).
  *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL take) is particulary useful with infinite ranges. You can take
+ * The range keeps a reference to the container passed to it, it doesn't use
- ` $(B n) elements from such range and pass the result to an algorithm which
+ * any other storage. So there is no method to get the written data out of the
- * expects a finit range.
+ * range - the container passed to $(D_PSYMBOL backInserter) contains that data
+ * and can be used directly after all operations on the output range are
+ * completed. It also means that the result range is not allowed to outlive its
+ * container.
  *
  * Params:
- *  R     = Type of the adapted range.
+ *  Container = Container type.
- *  range = The range to take the elements from.
+ *  container = Container used as an output range.
- *  n     = The number of elements to take.
  *
- * Returns: A range containing maximum $(D_PARAM n) first elements of
+ * Returns: `insertBack`-based output range.
- *          $(D_PARAM range).
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL takeExactly).
  */
-auto take(R)(R range, size_t n)
+auto backInserter(Container)(return scope ref Container container)
-if (isInputRange!R)
+if (hasMember!(Container, "insertBack"))
 {
-    struct Take
+    static struct Inserter
     {
-        mixin .Take!(R, false);
+        void opCall(T)(auto ref T data)
+        {
+            this.container.insertBack(forward!data);
         }
-    return Take(range, n);
+
+        mixin InserterCtor;
+    }
+    return Inserter(container);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct Container
+    {
+        int element;
+
+        void insertBack(int element)
+        {
+            this.element = element;
+        }
+    }
+    Container container;
+    backInserter(container)(5);
+
+    assert(container.element == 5);
 }
 
 /**
- * Takes exactly $(D_PARAM n) elements from $(D_PARAM range).
+ * If $(D_PARAM container) is a container with `insertFront`-support,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL frontInserter) returns an output range that puts the elements
+ * into the container with `insertFront`.
  *
- * $(D_PARAM range) must have at least $(D_PARAM n) elements.
+ * The resulting output range supports all types `insertFront` supports.
  *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL takeExactly) is particulary useful with infinite ranges. You can
+ * The range keeps a reference to the container passed to it, it doesn't use
- ` take $(B n) elements from such range and pass the result to an algorithm
+ * any other storage. So there is no method to get the written data out of the
- * which expects a finit range.
+ * range - the container passed to $(D_PSYMBOL frontInserter) contains that data
+ * and can be used directly after all operations on the output range are
+ * completed. It also means that the result range is not allowed to outlive its
+ * container.
  *
  * Params:
- *  R     = Type of the adapted range.
+ *  Container = Container type.
- *  range = The range to take the elements from.
+ *  container = Container used as an output range.
- *  n     = The number of elements to take.
  *
- * Returns: A range containing $(D_PARAM n) first elements of $(D_PARAM range).
+ * Returns: `insertFront`-based output range.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL take).
  */
-auto takeExactly(R)(R range, size_t n)
+auto frontInserter(Container)(return scope ref Container container)
-if (isInputRange!R)
+if (hasMember!(Container, "insertFront"))
 {
-    struct TakeExactly
+    static struct Inserter
     {
-        mixin Take!(R, true);
+        void opCall(T)(auto ref T data)
+        {
+            this.container.insertFront(forward!data);
         }
-    return TakeExactly(range, n);
+
+        mixin InserterCtor;
+    }
+    return Inserter(container);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct Container
+    {
+        int element;
+
+        void insertFront(int element)
+        {
+            this.element = element;
+        }
+    }
+    Container container;
+    frontInserter(container)(5);
+
+    assert(container.element == 5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL arrayInserter) makes an output range out of an array.
+ *
+ * The returned output range accepts single values as well as input ranges that
+ * can be copied into the target array.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  Array = Array type.
+ *  array = Array.
+ *
+ * Returns: An output range writing into $(D_PARAM array).
+ */
+auto arrayInserter(Array)(return scope ref Array array)
+if (isArray!Array)
+{
+    static if (is(Array ArrayT : ArrayT[size], size_t size))
+    {
+        alias E = ArrayT;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias E = ElementType!Array;
+    }
+
+    static struct ArrayInserter
+    {
+        private E[] data;
+
+        private this(return scope ref Array data) @trusted
+        {
+            this.data = data[];
+        }
+
+        void opCall(T)(auto ref T data)
+        if (is(T : E))
+        in
+        {
+            assert(!this.data.empty);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            put(this.data, data);
+        }
+
+        void opCall(R)(auto ref R data)
+        if (isInputRange!R && isOutputRange!(E[], ElementType!R))
+        {
+            this.data = copy(data, this.data);
+        }
+    }
+    return ArrayInserter(array);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int[1] array;
+
+    arrayInserter(array)(5);
+    assert(array[0] == 5);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    char[1] array;
+    alias Actual = typeof(arrayInserter(array));
+
+    static assert(isOutputRange!(Actual, char));
+    static assert(isOutputRange!(Actual, char[]));
 }

source/tanya/range/array.d

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * (D_INLINECODE dchar[])) are treated as any other normal array, they aren't
  * auto-decoded.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ module tanya.range.array;
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE array.length > 0).
  */
-@property ref T front(T)(T[] array)
+@property ref inout(T) front(T)(return scope inout(T)[] array)
 in
 {
     assert(array.length > 0);
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ do
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE array.length > 0).
  */
-@property ref T back(T)(T[] array)
+@property ref inout(T) back(T)(return scope inout(T)[] array)
 in
 {
     assert(array.length > 0);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ do
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE array.length > 0).
  */
-void popFront(T)(ref T[] array)
+void popFront(T)(ref inout(T)[] array)
 in
 {
     assert(array.length > 0);
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ do
 }
 
 /// ditto
-void popBack(T)(ref T[] array)
+void popBack(T)(ref inout(T)[] array)
 in
 {
     assert(array.length > 0);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ do
  * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if $(D_PARAM array) has no elements,
  *          $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
  */
-@property bool empty(T)(const T[] array)
+@property bool empty(T)(scope const T[] array)
 {
     return array.length == 0;
 }
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ do
  *
  * Returns: A copy of the slice $(D_PARAM array).
  */
-@property T[] save(T)(T[] array)
+@property inout(T)[] save(T)(return scope inout(T)[] array)
 {
     return array;
 }

source/tanya/range/package.d

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * This package contains generic functions and templates to be used with D
  * ranges.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)

source/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.linux.syscall;
-
-version (TanyaNative):
-
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall(ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t,
-                         ptrdiff_t) @nogc nothrow @system;
-
-// Same syscalls as above but pure.
-private template getOverloadMangling(size_t n)
-{
-    enum string getOverloadMangling = __traits(getOverloads,
-                                               tanya.sys.linux.syscall,
-                                               "syscall")[n].mangleof;
-}
-
-pragma(mangle, getOverloadMangling!0)
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall_(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow pure @system;
-
-pragma(mangle, getOverloadMangling!1)
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall_(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow pure @system;
-
-pragma(mangle, getOverloadMangling!2)
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall_(ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t)
-@nogc nothrow pure @system;
-
-pragma(mangle, getOverloadMangling!3)
-extern ptrdiff_t syscall_(ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t,
-                          ptrdiff_t) @nogc nothrow pure @system;

source/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.posix.ioctl;
-
-version (TanyaNative):
-
-enum
-{
-    SIOCADDRT = 0x890B, // Add routing table entry.
-    SIOCDELRT = 0x890C, // Delete routing table entry.
-    SIOCRTMSG = 0x890D, // Call to routing system.
-
-    SIOCGIFNAME = 0x8910, // Get iface name.
-    SIOCSIFLINK = 0x8911, // Set iface channel.
-    SIOCGIFCONF = 0x8912, // Get iface list.
-    SIOCGIFFLAGS = 0x8913, // Get flags.
-    SIOCSIFFLAGS = 0x8914, // Set flags.
-    SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915, // Get PA address.
-    SIOCSIFADDR = 0x8916, // Set PA address.
-    SIOCGIFDSTADDR = 0x8917, // Get remote PA address.
-    SIOCSIFDSTADDR = 0x8918, // Set remote PA address.
-    SIOCGIFBRDADDR = 0x8919, // Get broadcast PA address.
-    SIOCSIFBRDADDR = 0x891a, // Set broadcast PA address.
-    SIOCGIFNETMASK = 0x891b, // Get network PA mask.
-    SIOCSIFNETMASK = 0x891c, // Set network PA mask.
-    SIOCGIFMETRIC = 0x891d, // Get metric.
-    SIOCSIFMETRIC = 0x891e, // Set metric.
-    SIOCGIFMEM = 0x891f, // Get memory address (BSD).
-    SIOCSIFMEM = 0x8920, // Set memory address (BSD).
-    SIOCGIFMTU = 0x8921, // Get MTU size.
-    SIOCSIFMTU = 0x8922, // Set MTU size.
-    SIOCSIFNAME = 0x8923, // Set interface name.
-    SIOCSIFHWADDR = 0x8924, // Set hardware address.
-    SIOCGIFENCAP = 0x8925, // Get/set encapsulations.
-    SIOCSIFENCAP = 0x8926,
-    SIOCGIFHWADDR = 0x8927, // Get hardware address.
-    SIOCGIFSLAVE = 0x8929, // Driver slaving support.
-    SIOCSIFSLAVE = 0x8930,
-    SIOCADDMULTI = 0x8931, // Multicast address lists.
-    SIOCDELMULTI = 0x8932,
-    SIOCGIFINDEX = 0x8933, // Name -> if_index mapping.
-    SIOGIFINDEX = SIOCGIFINDEX, // Misprint compatibility.
-    SIOCSIFPFLAGS = 0x8934, // Set/get extended flags set.
-    SIOCGIFPFLAGS = 0x8935,
-    SIOCDIFADDR = 0x8936, // Delete PA address.
-    SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST = 0x8937, // Set hardware broadcast address.
-    SIOCGIFCOUNT = 0x8938, // Get number of devices.
-
-    SIOCGIFBR = 0x8940, // Bridging support.
-    SIOCSIFBR = 0x8941, // Set bridging options.
-
-    SIOCGIFTXQLEN = 0x8942, // Get the tx queue length.
-    SIOCSIFTXQLEN = 0x8943, // Set the tx queue length.
-
-    SIOCDARP = 0x8953, // Delete ARP table entry.
-    SIOCGARP = 0x8954, // Get ARP table entry.
-    SIOCSARP = 0x8955, // Set ARP table entry.
-
-    SIOCDRARP = 0x8960, // Delete RARP table entry.
-    SIOCGRARP = 0x8961, // Get RARP table entry.
-    SIOCSRARP = 0x8962, // Set RARP table entry.
-
-    SIOCGIFMAP = 0x8970, // Get device parameters.
-    SIOCSIFMAP = 0x8971, // Set device parameters.
-
-    SIOCADDDLCI = 0x8980, // Create new DLCI device.
-    SIOCDELDLCI = 0x8981, // Delete DLCI device.
-}

source/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/mman.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.posix.mman;
-
-version (TanyaNative):
-
-enum
-{
-    PROT_EXEC = 0x4, // Page can be executed.
-    PROT_NONE = 0x0, // Page cannot be accessed.
-    PROT_READ = 0x1, // Page can be read.
-    PROT_WRITE = 0x2, // Page can be written.
-}
-
-enum
-{
-    MAP_FIXED = 0x10, // Interpret addr exactly.
-    MAP_PRIVATE = 0x02, // Changes are private.
-    MAP_SHARED = 0x01, // Share changes.
-    MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20, // Don't use a file.
-}

source/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.posix.net.if_;
-
-version (TanyaNative):
-
-enum size_t IF_NAMESIZE = 16;
-
-struct ifreq
-{
-    char[IF_NAMESIZE] ifr_name;
-
-    union
-    {
-        int ifr_ifindex;
-    }
-}

source/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d

@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/*
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/socket.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.posix.socket;
-
-version (TanyaNative):
-
-/*
- * Protocol families.
- */
-enum
-{
-    PF_UNSPEC = 0, // Unspecified.
-    PF_LOCAL = 1, // Local to host (pipes and file-domain).
-    PF_UNIX = PF_LOCAL, // POSIX name for PF_LOCAL.
-    PF_FILE = PF_LOCAL, // Another non-standard name for PF_LOCAL.
-    PF_INET = 2, // IP protocol family.
-    PF_AX25 = 3, // Amateur Radio AX.25.
-    PF_IPX = 4, // Novell Internet Protocol.
-    PF_APPLETALK = 5, // Appletalk DDP.
-    PF_NETROM = 6, // Amateur radio NetROM.
-    PF_BRIDGE = 7, // Multiprotocol bridge.
-    PF_ATMPVC = 8, // ATM PVCs.
-    PF_X25 = 9, // Reserved for X.25 project.
-    PF_INET6 = 10, // IP version 6.
-    PF_ROSE = 11, // Amateur Radio X.25 PLP.
-    PF_DECnet = 12, // Reserved for DECnet project.
-    PF_NETBEUI = 13, // Reserved for 802.2LLC project.
-    PF_SECURITY = 14, // Security callback pseudo AF.
-    PF_KEY = 15, // PF_KEY key management API.
-    PF_NETLINK = 16, // Kernel user interface device.
-    PF_ROUTE = PF_NETLINK, // Alias to emulate 4.4BSD.
-    PF_PACKET = 17, // Packet family.
-    PF_ASH = 18, // Ash.
-    PF_ECONET = 19, // Acorn Econet.
-    PF_ATMSVC = 20, // ATM SVCs.
-    PF_RDS = 21, // RDS sockets.
-    PF_SNA = 22, // Linux SNA Project.
-    PF_IRDA = 23, // IRDA sockets.
-    PF_PPPOX = 24, // PPPoX sockets.
-    PF_WANPIPE = 25, // Wanpipe API sockets.
-    PF_LLC = 26, // Linux LLC.
-    PF_IB = 27, // Native InfiniBand address.
-    PF_MPLS = 28, // MPLS.
-    PF_CAN = 29, // Controller Area Network.
-    PF_TIPC = 30, // TIPC sockets.
-    PF_BLUETOOTH = 31, // Bluetooth sockets.
-    PF_IUCV = 32, // IUCV sockets.
-    PF_RXRPC = 33, // RxRPC sockets.
-    PF_ISDN = 34, // mISDN sockets.
-    PF_PHONET = 35, // Phonet sockets.
-    PF_IEEE802154 = 36, // IEEE 802.15.4 sockets.
-    PF_CAIF = 37, // CAIF sockets.
-    PF_ALG = 38, // Algorithm sockets.
-    PF_NFC = 39, // NFC sockets.
-    PF_VSOCK = 40, // vSockets.
-    PF_MAX = 41, // For now.
-}
-
-/*
- * Address families.
- */
-enum
-{
-    AF_UNSPEC = PF_UNSPEC,
-    AF_LOCAL = PF_LOCAL,
-    AF_UNIX = PF_UNIX,
-    AF_FILE = PF_FILE,
-    AF_INET = PF_INET,
-    AF_AX25 = PF_AX25,
-    AF_IPX = PF_IPX,
-    AF_APPLETALK = PF_APPLETALK,
-    AF_NETROM = PF_NETROM,
-    AF_BRIDGE = PF_BRIDGE,
-    AF_ATMPVC = PF_ATMPVC,
-    AF_X25 = PF_X25,
-    AF_INET6 = PF_INET6,
-    AF_ROSE = PF_ROSE,
-    AF_DECnet = PF_DECnet,
-    AF_NETBEUI = PF_NETBEUI,
-    AF_SECURITY = PF_SECURITY,
-    AF_KEY = PF_KEY,
-    AF_NETLINK = PF_NETLINK,
-    AF_ROUTE = PF_ROUTE,
-    AF_PACKET = PF_PACKET,
-    AF_ASH = PF_ASH,
-    AF_ECONET = PF_ECONET,
-    AF_ATMSVC = PF_ATMSVC,
-    AF_RDS = PF_RDS,
-    AF_SNA = PF_SNA,
-    AF_IRDA = PF_IRDA,
-    AF_PPPOX = PF_PPPOX,
-    AF_WANPIPE = PF_WANPIPE,
-    AF_LLC = PF_LLC,
-    AF_IB = PF_IB,
-    AF_MPLS = PF_MPLS,
-    AF_CAN = PF_CAN,
-    AF_TIPC = PF_TIPC,
-    AF_BLUETOOTH = PF_BLUETOOTH,
-    AF_IUCV = PF_IUCV,
-    AF_RXRPC = PF_RXRPC,
-    AF_ISDN = PF_ISDN,
-    AF_PHONET = PF_PHONET,
-    AF_IEEE802154 = PF_IEEE802154,
-    AF_CAIF = PF_CAIF,
-    AF_ALG = PF_ALG,
-    AF_NFC = PF_NFC,
-    AF_VSOCK = PF_VSOCK,
-    AF_MAX = PF_MAX,
-}
-
-/*
- * Types of sockets.
- */
-enum
-{
-    // Sequenced, reliable, connection-based byte streams.
-    SOCK_STREAM = 1,
-    // Connectionless, unreliable datagrams of fixed maximum length.
-    SOCK_DGRAM = 2,
-    // Raw protocol interface.
-    SOCK_RAW = 3,
-    // Reliably-delivered messages.
-    SOCK_RDM = 4,
-    // Sequenced, reliable, connection-based, datagrams of fixed maximum
-    // length.
-    SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5,
-    // Datagram Congestion Control Protocol.
-    SOCK_DCCP = 6,
-    // Linux specific way of getting packets at the dev level. For writing rarp
-    // and other similar things on the user level.
-    SOCK_PACKET = 10,
-}
-
-/*
- * Flags to be ORed into the type parameter of socket and socketpair and used
- * for the flags parameter of paccept.
- */
-enum
-{
-    SOCK_CLOEXEC = 0x80000, // Atomically set close-on-exec flag for the new descriptor(s).
-    SOCK_NONBLOCK = 0x800, // Atomically mark descriptor(s) as non-blocking.
-}

source/tanya/sys/windows/def.d

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Base type definitions and aliases.
- *
- * This module doesn't provide aliases for all types used by Windows, but only
- * for types that can vary on different platforms. For example there is no
- * need to define `INT32` alias for D, since $(D_KEYWORD int) is always a
- * 32-bit signed integer. But `int` and its Windows alias `INT` is not the
- * same on all platforms in C, so its size can be something differen than
- * 32 bit, therefore an $(D_PSYMBOL INT) alias is available in this module.
- * $(D_PARAM TCHAR) can be a $(D_KEYWORD char) if Unicode isn't supported or
- * $(D_KEYWORD wchar) if Unicode is supported, so $(D_PSYMBOL TCHAR) is
- * defined here.
- * Also aliases for specific types like $(D_PSYMBOL SOCKET) are defined here.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/def.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/def.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows.def;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-alias BYTE = ubyte;
-alias TBYTE = wchar; // If Unicode, otherwise char.
-alias CHAR = char; // Signed or unsigned char.
-alias WCHAR = wchar;
-alias TCHAR = wchar; // If Unicode, otherwise char.
-alias SHORT = short;
-alias USHORT = ushort;
-alias WORD = ushort;
-alias INT = int;
-alias UINT = uint;
-alias LONG = int;
-alias ULONG = uint;
-alias DWORD = uint;
-alias LONGLONG = long; // Or double.
-alias ULONGLONG = ulong; // Or double.
-alias DWORDLONG = ulong;
-alias FLOAT = float;
-alias BOOL = int;
-alias BOOLEAN = BYTE;
-
-alias HANDLE = void*;
-enum HANDLE INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = cast(HANDLE) -1;
-
-enum TRUE = 1;
-enum FALSE = 0;
-
-alias PSTR = CHAR*;
-alias PWSTR = WCHAR*;
-alias PTSTR = TCHAR*;
-
-align(1) struct GUID
-{
-    uint Data1;
-    ushort Data2;
-    ushort Data3;
-    char[8] Data4;
-}

source/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows.ifdef;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-import tanya.sys.windows.def;
-
-union NET_LUID_LH
-{
-    ulong Value;
-    ulong Info;
-}
-
-alias NET_LUID = NET_LUID_LH;
-alias IF_LUID = NET_LUID_LH;
-
-alias NET_IFINDEX = ULONG;
-
-enum size_t IF_MAX_STRING_SIZE = 256;

source/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows.iphlpapi;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-import tanya.sys.windows.def;
-import tanya.sys.windows.ifdef;
-
-extern(Windows)
-DWORD ConvertInterfaceNameToLuidA(const(CHAR)* InterfaceName,
-                                  NET_LUID* InterfaceLuid)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern(Windows)
-DWORD ConvertInterfaceLuidToIndex(const(NET_LUID)* InterfaceLuid,
-                                  NET_IFINDEX* InterfaceIndex)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern(Windows)
-DWORD ConvertInterfaceIndexToLuid(NET_IFINDEX InterfaceIndex,
-                                  NET_LUID* InterfaceLuid)
-@nogc nothrow @system;
-
-extern(Windows)
-DWORD ConvertInterfaceLuidToNameA(const(NET_LUID)* InterfaceLuid,
-                                  PSTR InterfaceName,
-                                  size_t Length)
-@nogc nothrow @system;

source/tanya/sys/windows/package.d

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/package.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/package.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-public import tanya.sys.windows.def;
-public import tanya.sys.windows.ifdef;
-public import tanya.sys.windows.iphlpapi;
-public import tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
-public import tanya.sys.windows.winsock2;

source/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Definitions from winbase.h.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-public import tanya.sys.windows.def;
-
-struct OVERLAPPED
-{
-    size_t Internal;
-    size_t InternalHigh;
-    union
-    {
-        struct
-        {
-            DWORD Offset;
-            DWORD OffsetHigh;
-        }
-        void* Pointer;
-    }
-    HANDLE hEvent;
-}
-
-extern(Windows)
-HANDLE CreateIoCompletionPort(HANDLE FileHandle,
-                              HANDLE ExistingCompletionPort,
-                              size_t CompletionKey,
-                              DWORD NumberOfConcurrentThreads)
-nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-BOOL GetQueuedCompletionStatus(HANDLE CompletionPort,
-                               DWORD* lpNumberOfBytes,
-                               size_t* lpCompletionKey,
-                               OVERLAPPED** lpOverlapped,
-                               DWORD dwMilliseconds) nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-BOOL GetOverlappedResult(HANDLE hFile,
-                         OVERLAPPED* lpOverlapped,
-                         DWORD* lpNumberOfBytesTransferred,
-                         BOOL bWait) nothrow @system @nogc;

source/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d

@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Definitions from winsock2.h, ws2def.h and MSWSock.h.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d)
- */
-module tanya.sys.windows.winsock2;
-
-version (Windows):
-
-public import tanya.sys.windows.def;
-public import tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
-
-alias SOCKET = size_t;
-enum SOCKET INVALID_SOCKET = ~0;
-enum SOCKET_ERROR = -1;
-
-enum
-{
-    IOC_UNIX     = 0x00000000,
-    IOC_WS2      = 0x08000000,
-    IOC_PROTOCOL = 0x10000000,
-    IOC_VOID     = 0x20000000,         // No parameters.
-    IOC_OUT      = 0x40000000,         // Copy parameters back.
-    IOC_IN       = 0x80000000,         // Copy parameters into.
-    IOC_VENDOR   = 0x18000000,
-    IOC_WSK      = (IOC_WS2 | 0x07000000), // _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600.
-    IOC_INOUT    = (IOC_IN | IOC_OUT), // Copy parameter into and get back.
-}
-
-template _WSAIO(int x, int y)
-{
-    enum _WSAIO = IOC_VOID | x | y;
-}
-template _WSAIOR(int x, int y)
-{
-    enum _WSAIOR = IOC_OUT | x | y;
-}
-template _WSAIOW(int x, int y)
-{
-    enum _WSAIOW = IOC_IN | x | y;
-}
-template _WSAIORW(int x, int y)
-{
-    enum _WSAIORW = IOC_INOUT | x | y;
-}
-
-alias SIO_ASSOCIATE_HANDLE               = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 1);
-alias SIO_ENABLE_CIRCULAR_QUEUEING       = _WSAIO!(IOC_WS2, 2);
-alias SIO_FIND_ROUTE                     = _WSAIOR!(IOC_WS2, 3);
-alias SIO_FLUSH                          = _WSAIO!(IOC_WS2, 4);
-alias SIO_GET_BROADCAST_ADDRESS          = _WSAIOR!(IOC_WS2, 5);
-alias SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER = _WSAIORW!(IOC_WS2, 6);
-alias SIO_GET_QOS                        = _WSAIORW!(IOC_WS2, 7);
-alias SIO_GET_GROUP_QOS                  = _WSAIORW!(IOC_WS2, 8);
-alias SIO_MULTIPOINT_LOOPBACK            = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 9);
-alias SIO_MULTICAST_SCOPE                = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 10);
-alias SIO_SET_QOS                        = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 11);
-alias SIO_SET_GROUP_QOS                  = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 12);
-alias SIO_TRANSLATE_HANDLE               = _WSAIORW!(IOC_WS2, 13);
-alias SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_QUERY        = _WSAIORW!(IOC_WS2, 20);
-alias SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE       = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 21);
-alias SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_QUERY             = _WSAIOR!(IOC_WS2, 22);
-alias SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE            = _WSAIO!(IOC_WS2, 23);
-alias SIO_QUERY_TARGET_PNP_HANDLE        = _WSAIOR!(IOC_WS2, 24);
-alias SIO_NSP_NOTIFY_CHANGE              = _WSAIOW!(IOC_WS2, 25);
-
-alias GROUP = uint;
-
-enum
-{
-    WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED = 0x01,
-    WSA_FLAG_MULTIPOINT_C_ROOT = 0x02,
-    WSA_FLAG_MULTIPOINT_C_LEAF = 0x04,
-    WSA_FLAG_MULTIPOINT_D_ROOT = 0x08,
-    WSA_FLAG_MULTIPOINT_D_LEAF = 0x10,
-    WSA_FLAG_ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY = 0x40,
-    WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT = 0x80,
-    WSA_FLAG_REGISTERED_IO = 0x100,
-}
-
-enum MAX_PROTOCOL_CHAIN = 7;
-enum BASE_PROTOCOL = 1;
-enum LAYERED_PROTOCOL = 0;
-enum WSAPROTOCOL_LEN = 255;
-
-struct WSAPROTOCOLCHAIN
-{
-    int ChainLen;
-    DWORD[MAX_PROTOCOL_CHAIN] ChainEntries;
-}
-
-struct WSABUF
-{
-    ULONG len;
-    CHAR* buf;
-}
-
-struct WSAPROTOCOL_INFO
-{
-    DWORD                      dwServiceFlags1;
-    DWORD                      dwServiceFlags2;
-    DWORD                      dwServiceFlags3;
-    DWORD                      dwServiceFlags4;
-    DWORD                      dwProviderFlags;
-    GUID                       ProviderId;
-    DWORD                      dwCatalogEntryId;
-    WSAPROTOCOLCHAIN           ProtocolChain;
-    int                        iVersion;
-    int                        iAddressFamily;
-    int                        iMaxSockAddr;
-    int                        iMinSockAddr;
-    int                        iSocketType;
-    int                        iProtocol;
-    int                        iProtocolMaxOffset;
-    int                        iNetworkByteOrder;
-    int                        iSecurityScheme;
-    DWORD                      dwMessageSize;
-    DWORD                      dwProviderReserved;
-    TCHAR[WSAPROTOCOL_LEN + 1] szProtocol;
-}
-
-const GUID WSAID_GETACCEPTEXSOCKADDRS = {
-    0xb5367df2, 0xcbac, 0x11cf,
-    [0x95, 0xca, 0x00, 0x80, 0x5f, 0x48, 0xa1, 0x92],
-};
-
-const GUID WSAID_ACCEPTEX = {
-    0xb5367df1, 0xcbac, 0x11cf,
-    [0x95, 0xca, 0x00, 0x80, 0x5f, 0x48, 0xa1, 0x92],
-};
-
-alias LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE = void function(DWORD dwError,
-                                                         DWORD cbTransferred,
-                                                         OVERLAPPED* lpOverlapped,
-                                                         DWORD dwFlags) nothrow @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-SOCKET WSASocket(int af,
-                 int type,
-                 int protocol,
-                 WSAPROTOCOL_INFO* lpProtocolInfo,
-                 GROUP g,
-                 DWORD dwFlags) nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-int WSARecv(SOCKET s,
-            WSABUF* lpBuffers,
-            DWORD dwBufferCount,
-            DWORD* lpNumberOfBytesRecvd,
-            DWORD* lpFlags,
-            OVERLAPPED* lpOverlapped,
-            LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine)
-nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-int WSASend(SOCKET s,
-            WSABUF* lpBuffers,
-            DWORD dwBufferCount,
-            DWORD* lpNumberOfBytesRecvd,
-            DWORD lpFlags,
-            OVERLAPPED* lpOverlapped,
-            LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine)
-nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-extern(Windows)
-int WSAIoctl(SOCKET s,
-             uint dwIoControlCode,
-             void* lpvInBuffer,
-             uint cbInBuffer,
-             void* lpvOutBuffer,
-             uint cbOutBuffer,
-             uint* lpcbBytesReturned,
-             OVERLAPPED* lpOverlapped,
-             LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine)             
-nothrow @system @nogc;
-
-alias ADDRESS_FAMILY = USHORT;
-
-struct SOCKADDR
-{
-    ADDRESS_FAMILY sa_family;           // Address family.
-    CHAR[14] sa_data;                   // Up to 14 bytes of direct address.
-}
-
-alias LPFN_GETACCEPTEXSOCKADDRS = void function(void*,
-                                                DWORD,
-                                                DWORD,
-                                                DWORD,
-                                                SOCKADDR**,
-                                                INT*,
-                                                SOCKADDR**,
-                                                INT*) nothrow @nogc;
-
-alias LPFN_ACCEPTEX = extern(Windows) BOOL function(SOCKET,
-                                                    SOCKET,
-                                                    void*,
-                                                    DWORD,
-                                                    DWORD,
-                                                    DWORD,
-                                                    DWORD*,
-                                                    OVERLAPPED*) @nogc nothrow;
-
-enum
-{
-    SO_MAXDG = 0x7009,
-    SO_MAXPATHDG = 0x700A,
-    SO_UPDATE_ACCEPT_CONTEXT = 0x700B,
-    SO_CONNECT_TIME = 0x700C,
-    SO_UPDATE_CONNECT_CONTEXT = 0x7010,
-}

source/tanya/typecons.d

@@ -1,454 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Type constructors.
- *
- * This module contains templates that allow to build new types from the
- * available ones.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/typecons.d,
- *                 tanya/typecons.d)
- */
-module tanya.typecons;
-
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.format;
-import tanya.meta.metafunction;
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-
-/**
- * $(D_PSYMBOL Tuple) can store two or more heterogeneous objects.
- *
- * The objects can by accessed by index as `obj[0]` and `obj[1]` or by optional
- * names (e.g. `obj.first`).
- *
- * $(D_PARAM Specs) contains a list of object types and names. First
- * comes the object type, then an optional string containing the name.
- * If you want the object be accessible only by its index (`0` or `1`),
- * just skip the name.
- *
- * Params:
- *  Specs = Field types and names.
- */
-template Tuple(Specs...)
-{
-    template parseSpecs(size_t fieldCount, Specs...)
-    {
-        static if (Specs.length == 0)
-        {
-            alias parseSpecs = AliasSeq!();
-        }
-        else static if (is(Specs[0]) && fieldCount < 2)
-        {
-            static if (is(typeof(Specs[1]) == string))
-            {
-                alias parseSpecs
-                    = AliasSeq!(Pack!(Specs[0], Specs[1]),
-                                parseSpecs!(fieldCount + 1, Specs[2 .. $]));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                alias parseSpecs
-                    = AliasSeq!(Pack!(Specs[0]),
-                                parseSpecs!(fieldCount + 1, Specs[1 .. $]));
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            static assert(false, "Invalid argument: " ~ Specs[0].stringof);
-        }
-    }
-
-    alias ChooseType(alias T) = T.Seq[0];
-    alias ParsedSpecs = parseSpecs!(0, Specs);
-
-    static assert(ParsedSpecs.length > 1, "Invalid argument count");
-
-    private string formatAliases(size_t n, Specs...)()
-    {
-        static if (Specs.length == 0)
-        {
-            return "";
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            string fieldAlias;
-            static if (Specs[0].length == 2)
-            {
-                char[21] buffer;
-                fieldAlias = "alias " ~ Specs[0][1] ~ " = expand["
-                           ~ integral2String(n, buffer).idup ~ "];";
-            }
-            return fieldAlias ~ formatAliases!(n + 1, Specs[1 .. $])();
-        }
-    }
-
-    struct Tuple
-    {
-        /// Field types.
-        alias Types = Map!(ChooseType, ParsedSpecs);
-
-        // Create field aliases.
-        mixin(formatAliases!(0, ParsedSpecs[0 .. $])());
-
-        /// Represents the values of the $(D_PSYMBOL Tuple) as a list of values.
-        Types expand;
-
-        alias expand this;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    auto pair = Tuple!(int, "first", string, "second")(1, "second");
-    assert(pair.first == 1);
-    assert(pair[0] == 1);
-    assert(pair.second == "second");
-    assert(pair[1] == "second");
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(Tuple!(int, int)));
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!(int, 5)));
-
-    static assert(is(Tuple!(int, "first", int)));
-    static assert(is(Tuple!(int, "first", int, "second")));
-    static assert(is(Tuple!(int, "first", int)));
-
-    static assert(is(Tuple!(int, int, "second")));
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!("first", int, "second", int)));
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!(int, int, int)));
-
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!(int, "first")));
-
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!(int, double, char)));
-    static assert(!is(Tuple!(int, "first", double, "second", char, "third")));
-}
-
-/**
- * $(D_PSYMBOL Option) is a type that contains an optional value.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Type of the encapsulated value.
- */
-struct Option(T)
-{
-    private bool isNothing_ = true;
-    private T value = void;
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs a new option with $(D_PARAM value).
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  value = Encapsulated value.
-     */
-    this()(ref T value)
-    {
-        this.value = value;
-        this.isNothing_ = false;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    this()(T value) @trusted
-    {
-        moveEmplace(value, this.value);
-        this.isNothing_ = false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tells if the option is just a value or nothing.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) contains a nothing,
-     *          $(D_KEYWORD false) if it contains a value.
-     */
-    @property bool isNothing() const
-    {
-        return this.isNothing_;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the encapsulated value.
-     *
-     * Returns: Value encapsulated in this $(D_PSYMBOL Option).
-     *
-     * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL or).
-     *
-     * Precondition: `!isNothing`.
-     */
-    @property ref inout(T) get() inout
-    in
-    {
-        assert(!isNothing, "Option is nothing");
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        return this.value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the encapsulated value if available or a default value
-     * otherwise.
-     *
-     * Note that the contained value can be returned by reference only if the
-     * default value is passed by reference as well.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  U            = Type of the default value.
-     *  defaultValue = Default value.
-     *
-     * Returns: The value of this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) if available,
-     *          $(D_PARAM defaultValue) otherwise.
-     *
-     * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL isNothing), $(D_PSYMBOL get).
-     */
-    @property U or(U)(U defaultValue) inout
-    if (is(U == T) && isCopyable!T)
-    {
-        return isNothing ? defaultValue : this.value;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    @property ref inout(T) or(ref inout(T) defaultValue) inout
-    {
-        return isNothing ? defaultValue : this.value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Casts this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) to $(D_KEYWORD bool).
-     *
-     * An $(D_PSYMBOL Option) is $(D_KEYWORD true) if it contains a value,
-     * ($D_KEYWORD false) if it contains nothing.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) contains a value,
-     *          ($D_KEYWORD false) if it contains nothing.
-     */
-    bool opCast(U : bool)()
-    {
-        return !isNothing;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compares this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) with $(D_PARAM that).
-     *
-     * If both objects are options of the same type and they don't contain a
-     * value, they are considered equal. If only one of them contains a value,
-     * they aren't equal. Otherwise, the encapsulated values are compared for
-     * equality.
-     *
-     * If $(D_PARAM U) is a type comparable with the type encapsulated by this
-     * $(D_PSYMBOL Option), the value of this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) is compared
-     * with $(D_PARAM that), this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) must have a value then.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  U    = Type of the object to compare with.
-     *  that = Object to compare with.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) and
-     *          $(D_PARAM that) are equal, $(D_KEYWORD false) if not.
-     *
-     * Precondition: `!isNothing` if $(D_PARAM U) is equality comparable with
-     *               $(D_PARAM T).
-     */
-    bool opEquals(U)(auto ref const U that) const
-    if (is(U == Option))
-    {
-        if (!isNothing && !that.isNothing)
-        {
-            return this.value == that.value;
-        }
-        return isNothing == that.isNothing;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    bool opEquals(U)(auto ref const U that) const
-    if (ifTestable!(U, a => a == T.init) && !is(U == Option))
-    in
-    {
-        assert(!isNothing);
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        return get == that;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Resets this $(D_PSYMBOL Option) and destroys the contained value.
-     *
-     * $(D_PSYMBOL reset) can be safely called on an $(D_PSYMBOL Option) that
-     * doesn't contain any value.
-     */
-    void reset()
-    {
-        static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-        {
-            destroy(this.value);
-        }
-        this.isNothing_ = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns a new value.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  U    = Type of the new value.
-     *  that = New value.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-     */
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(U)(ref U that)
-    if (is(U : T) && !is(U == Option))
-    {
-        this.value = that;
-        this.isNothing_ = false;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(U)(U that)
-    if (is(U == T))
-    {
-        move(that, this.value);
-        this.isNothing_ = false;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(U)(ref U that)
-    if (is(U == Option))
-    {
-        this.value = that;
-        this.isNothing_ = that.isNothing;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    ref typeof(this) opAssign(U)(U that)
-    if (is(U == Option))
-    {
-        move(that.value, this.value);
-        this.isNothing_ = that.isNothing_;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    alias get this;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    Option!int option;
-    assert(option.isNothing);
-    assert(option.or(8) == 8);
-    
-    option = 5;
-    assert(!option.isNothing);
-    assert(option.get == 5);
-    assert(option.or(8) == 5);
-
-    option.reset();
-    assert(option.isNothing);
-}
-
-// Assigns a new value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    {
-        Option!int option = 5;
-        option = 8;
-        assert(!option.isNothing);
-        assert(option == 8);
-    }
-    {
-        Option!int option;
-        const int newValue = 8;
-        assert(option.isNothing);
-        option = newValue;
-        assert(!option.isNothing);
-        assert(option == newValue);
-    }
-    {
-        Option!int option1;
-        Option!int option2 = 5;
-        assert(option1.isNothing);
-        option1 = option2;
-        assert(!option1.isNothing);
-        assert(option1.get == 5);
-    }
-}
-
-// Constructs with a value passed by reference
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int i = 5;
-    assert(Option!int(i).get == 5);
-}
-
-// Moving
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct NotCopyable
-    {
-        @disable this(this);
-    }
-
-    static assert(is(typeof(Option!NotCopyable(NotCopyable()))));
-    // The value cannot be returned by reference because the default value
-    // isn't passed by reference
-    static assert(!is(typeof(Option!DisabledPostblit().or(NotCopyable()))));
-    {
-        NotCopyable notCopyable;
-        static assert(is(typeof(Option!NotCopyable().or(notCopyable))));
-    }
-    {
-        Option!NotCopyable option;
-        assert(option.isNothing);
-        option = NotCopyable();
-        assert(!option.isNothing);
-    }
-    {
-        Option!NotCopyable option;
-        assert(option.isNothing);
-        option = Option!NotCopyable(NotCopyable());
-        assert(!option.isNothing);
-    }
-}
-
-// Cast to bool is done before touching the encapsulated value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(Option!bool(false));
-}
-
-// Option can be const
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert((const Option!int(5)).get == 5);
-    assert((const Option!int()).or(5) == 5);
-}
-
-// Equality
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    assert(Option!int() == Option!int());
-    assert(Option!int(0) != Option!int());
-    assert(Option!int(5) == Option!int(5));
-    assert(Option!int(5) == 5);
-    assert(Option!int(5) == cast(ubyte) 5);
-}
-
-// Returns default value
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    {
-        int i = 5;
-        assert(((ref e) => e)(Option!int().or(i)) == 5);
-    }
-}

test/dub.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+	"name": "test",
+	"description": "Test suite for unittest-blocks",
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"dependencies": {
+		"tanya:middle": "*"
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"dflags-dmd": ["-dip1000"]
+}

test/tanya/test/assertion.d

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * The functions can cause segmentation fault if the module is compiled
  * in production mode and the condition fails.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  */
 module tanya.test.assertion;
 
-import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 
 /**

test/tanya/test/package.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * Test suite for $(D_KEYWORD unittest)-blocks.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2020.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@
 module tanya.test;
 
 public import tanya.test.assertion;
+public import tanya.test.stub;

test/tanya/test/stub.d

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Range and generic type generators.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2020.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/test/stub.d,
+ *                 tanya/test/stub.d)
+ */
+module tanya.test.stub;
+
+/**
+ * Attribute signalizing that the generated range should contain the given
+ * number of elements.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Count) should be always specified with some value and not as a
+ * type, so $(D_INLINECODE Count(1)) instead just $(D_INLINECODE Count),
+ * otherwise you can just omit $(D_PSYMBOL Count) and it will default to 0.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Count) doesn't generate `.length` property - use
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Length) for that.
+ *
+ * If neither $(D_PSYMBOL Length) nor $(D_PSYMBOL Infinite) is given,
+ * $(D_ILNINECODE Count(0)) is assumed.
+ *
+ * This attribute conflicts with $(D_PSYMBOL Infinite) and $(D_PSYMBOL Length).
+ */
+struct Count
+{
+    /// Original range length.
+    size_t count = 0;
+
+    @disable this();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs the attribute with the given length.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  count = Original range length.
+     */
+    this(size_t count) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        this.count = count;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attribute signalizing that the generated range should be infinite.
+ *
+ * This attribute conflicts with $(D_PSYMBOL Count) and $(D_PSYMBOL Length).
+ */
+struct Infinite
+{
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates `.length` property for the range.
+ *
+ * The length of the range can be specified as a constructor argument,
+ * otherwise it is 0.
+ *
+ * This attribute conflicts with $(D_PSYMBOL Count) and $(D_PSYMBOL Infinite).
+ */
+struct Length
+{
+    /// Original range length.
+    size_t length = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attribute signalizing that the generated range should return values by
+ * reference.
+ *
+ * This atribute affects the return values of `.front`, `.back` and `[]`.
+ */
+struct WithLvalueElements
+{
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates an input range.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  E = Element type.
+ */
+mixin template InputRangeStub(E = int)
+{
+    import tanya.meta.metafunction : Alias;
+    import tanya.meta.trait : evalUDA, getUDAs, hasUDA;
+
+    /*
+     * Aliases for the attribute lookups to access them faster
+     */
+    private enum bool infinite = hasUDA!(typeof(this), Infinite);
+    private enum bool withLvalueElements = hasUDA!(typeof(this),
+                                                   WithLvalueElements);
+    private alias Count = getUDAs!(typeof(this), .Count);
+    private alias Length = getUDAs!(typeof(this), .Length);
+
+    static if (Count.length != 0)
+    {
+        private enum size_t count = Count[0].count;
+
+        static assert (!infinite,
+                       "Range cannot have count and be infinite at the same time");
+        static assert (Length.length == 0,
+                       "Range cannot have count and length at the same time");
+    }
+    else static if (Length.length != 0)
+    {
+        private enum size_t count = evalUDA!(Length[0]).length;
+
+        static assert (!infinite,
+                       "Range cannot have length and be infinite at the same time");
+    }
+    else static if (!infinite)
+    {
+        private enum size_t count = 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Member generation
+     */
+    static if (infinite)
+    {
+        enum bool empty = false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        private size_t length_ = count;
+
+        @property bool empty() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return this.length_ == 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (withLvalueElements)
+    {
+        private E* element; // Pointer to enable range copying in save()
+    }
+
+    void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    in
+    {
+        assert(!empty);
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        static if (!infinite)
+        {
+            --this.length_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (withLvalueElements)
+    {
+        ref E front() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        in
+        {
+            assert(!empty);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            return *this.element;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        E front() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        in
+        {
+            assert(!empty);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            return E.init;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (Length.length != 0)
+    {
+        size_t length() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return this.length_;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a forward range.
+ *
+ * This mixin includes input range primitives as well, but can be combined with
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL RandomAccessRangeStub).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  E = Element type.
+ */
+mixin template ForwardRangeStub(E = int)
+{
+    static if (!is(typeof(this.InputRangeMixin) == void))
+    {
+        mixin InputRangeStub!E InputRangeMixin;
+    }
+
+    auto save() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a bidirectional range.
+ *
+ * This mixin includes forward range primitives as well, but can be combined with
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL RandomAccessRangeStub).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  E = Element type.
+ */
+mixin template BidirectionalRangeStub(E = int)
+{
+    mixin ForwardRangeStub!E;
+
+    void popBack() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    in
+    {
+        assert(!empty);
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        static if (!infinite)
+        {
+            --this.length_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (withLvalueElements)
+    {
+        ref E back() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        in
+        {
+            assert(!empty);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            return *this.element;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        E back() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        in
+        {
+            assert(!empty);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            return E.init;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a random-access range.
+ *
+ * This mixin includes input range primitives as well, but can be combined with
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL ForwardRangeStub) or $(D_PSYMBOL BidirectionalRangeStub).
+ *
+ * Note that a random-access range also requires $(D_PSYMBOL Length) or
+ * $(D_PARAM Infinite) by definition.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  E = Element type.
+ */
+mixin template RandomAccessRangeStub(E = int)
+{
+    static if (!is(typeof(this.InputRangeMixin) == void))
+    {
+        mixin InputRangeStub!E InputRangeMixin;
+    }
+
+    static if (withLvalueElements)
+    {
+        ref E opIndex(size_t) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return *this.element;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        E opIndex(size_t) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return E.init;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Struct with a disabled postblit constructor.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL NonCopyable) can be used as an attribute for
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL StructStub) or as a standalone type.
+ */
+struct NonCopyable
+{
+    @disable this(this);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Struct with an elaborate destructor.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL WithDtor) can be used as an attribute for
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL StructStub) or as a standalone type.
+ *
+ * When used as a standalone object the constructor of $(D_PSYMBOL WithDtor)
+ * accepts an additional `counter` argument, which is incremented by the
+ * destructor. $(D_PSYMBOL WithDtor) stores a pointer to the passed variable,
+ * so the variable can be investigated after the struct isn't available
+ * anymore.
+ */
+struct WithDtor
+{
+    size_t* counter;
+
+    this(ref size_t counter) @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
+    {
+        this.counter = &counter;
+    }
+
+    ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        if (this.counter !is null)
+        {
+            ++*this.counter;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Struct supporting hashing.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Hashable) can be used as an attribute for
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL StructStub) or as a standalone type.
+ *
+ * The constructor accepts an additional parameter, which is returned by the
+ * `toHash()`-function. `0U` is returned if no hash value is given.
+ */
+struct Hashable
+{
+    size_t hash;
+
+    size_t toHash() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        return this.hash;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a $(D_KEYWORD struct) with common functionality.
+ *
+ * To specify the needed functionality use user-defined attributes on the
+ * $(D_KEYWORD struct) $(D_PSYMBOL StructStub) is mixed in.
+ *
+ * Supported attributes are: $(D_PSYMBOL NonCopyable), $(D_PSYMBOL Hashable),
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL WithDtor).
+ */
+mixin template StructStub()
+{
+    import tanya.meta.trait : evalUDA, getUDAs, hasUDA;
+
+    static if (hasUDA!(typeof(this), NonCopyable))
+    {
+        @disable this(this);
+    }
+
+    private alias Hashable = getUDAs!(typeof(this), .Hashable);
+    static if (Hashable.length > 0)
+    {
+        size_t toHash() const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return evalUDA!(Hashable[0]).hash;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static if (hasUDA!(typeof(this), WithDtor))
+    {
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/tanya/algorithm/tests/iteration.d

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+module tanya.algorithm.tests.iteration;
+
+import tanya.algorithm.iteration;
+import tanya.range;
+import tanya.test.stub;
+
+// Singleton range is bidirectional and random-access
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(typeof(singleton('a'))));
+    static assert(isRandomAccessRange!(typeof(singleton('a'))));
+
+    assert({ char a; return isBidirectionalRange!(typeof(singleton(a))); });
+    assert({ char a; return isRandomAccessRange!(typeof(singleton(a))); });
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    char a = 'a';
+    auto single = singleton(a);
+
+    assert(single.front == 'a');
+    assert(single.back == 'a');
+    assert(single[0] == 'a');
+    assert(single.length == 1);
+    assert(!single.empty);
+}
+
+// popFront makes SingletonByRef empty
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    char a = 'a';
+    auto single = singleton(a);
+
+    single.popFront();
+    assert(single.empty);
+    assert(single.length == 0);
+    assert(single.empty);
+}
+
+// popBack makes SingletonByRef empty
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    char a = 'b';
+    auto single = singleton(a);
+
+    single.popBack();
+    assert(single.empty);
+    assert(single.length == 0);
+    assert(single.empty);
+}

tests/tanya/algorithm/tests/mutation.d

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+module tanya.algorithm.tests.mutation;
+
+import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import tanya.range;
+import tanya.test.stub;
+
+// Returns advanced target
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int[5] input = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    assert(copy(input[3 .. 5], input[]).front == 3);
+}
+
+// Copies overlapping arrays
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
+
+    int[6] actual = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+    const int[6] expected = [1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4];
+
+    copy(actual[0 .. 4], actual[2 .. 6]);
+    assert(equal(actual[], expected[]));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof(copy((ubyte[]).init, (ushort[]).init))));
+    static assert(!is(typeof(copy((ushort[]).init, (ubyte[]).init))));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct OutPutRange
+    {
+        int value;
+
+        void opCall(int value) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        in
+        {
+            assert(this.value == 0);
+        }
+        do
+        {
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+    }
+    int[1] source = [5];
+    OutPutRange target;
+
+    assert(copy(source[], target).value == 5);
+}
+
+// [] is called where possible
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct Slice
+    {
+        bool* slicingCalled;
+
+        int front() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        void front(int) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+
+        void popFront() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+
+        bool empty() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void opIndexAssign(int) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            *this.slicingCalled = true;
+        }
+    }
+    bool slicingCalled;
+    auto range = Slice(&slicingCalled);
+    fill(range, 0);
+    assert(slicingCalled);
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    NonCopyable[] nonCopyable;
+    initializeAll(nonCopyable);
+}

tests/tanya/container/tests/array.d

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+module tanya.container.tests.array;
+
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
+import tanya.container.array;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.test.stub;
+
+// const arrays return usable ranges
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto v = const Array!int([1, 2, 4]);
+    auto r1 = v[];
+
+    assert(r1.back == 4);
+    r1.popBack();
+    assert(r1.back == 2);
+    r1.popBack();
+    assert(r1.back == 1);
+    r1.popBack();
+    assert(r1.length == 0);
+
+    static assert(!is(typeof(r1[0] = 5)));
+    static assert(!is(typeof(v[0] = 5)));
+
+    const r2 = r1[];
+    static assert(is(typeof(r2[])));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    Array!int v1;
+    const Array!int v2;
+
+    auto r1 = v1[];
+    auto r2 = v1[];
+
+    assert(r1.length == 0);
+    assert(r2.empty);
+    assert(r1 == r2);
+
+    v1.insertBack([1, 2, 4]);
+    assert(v1[] == v1);
+    assert(v2[] == v2);
+    assert(v2[] != v1);
+    assert(v1[] != v2);
+    assert(v1[].equal(v1[]));
+    assert(v2[].equal(v2[]));
+    assert(!v1[].equal(v2[]));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    struct MutableEqualsStruct
+    {
+        bool opEquals(typeof(this) that) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    struct ConstEqualsStruct
+    {
+        bool opEquals(const typeof(this) that) const @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    auto v1 = Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
+    auto v2 = Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
+    assert(v1 == v2);
+    assert(v1[] == v2);
+    assert(v1 == v2[]);
+    assert(v1[].equal(v2[]));
+
+    auto v3 = const Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
+    auto v4 = const Array!ConstEqualsStruct();
+    assert(v3 == v4);
+    assert(v3[] == v4);
+    assert(v3 == v4[]);
+    assert(v3[].equal(v4[]));
+
+    auto v7 = Array!MutableEqualsStruct(1, MutableEqualsStruct());
+    auto v8 = Array!MutableEqualsStruct(1, MutableEqualsStruct());
+    assert(v7 == v8);
+    assert(v7[] == v8);
+    assert(v7 == v8[]);
+    assert(v7[].equal(v8[]));
+}
+
+// Destructor can destroy empty arrays
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto v = Array!WithDtor();
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    class A
+    {
+    }
+    A a1, a2;
+    auto v1 = Array!A([a1, a2]);
+
+    static assert(is(Array!(A*)));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto v = Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
+    {
+        size_t i;
+
+        foreach (e; v)
+        {
+            assert(i != 0 || e == 5);
+            assert(i != 1 || e == 15);
+            assert(i != 2 || e == 8);
+            ++i;
+        }
+        assert(i == 3);
+    }
+    {
+        size_t i = 3;
+
+        foreach_reverse (e; v)
+        {
+            --i;
+            assert(i != 2 || e == 8);
+            assert(i != 1 || e == 15);
+            assert(i != 0 || e == 5);
+        }
+        assert(i == 0);
+    }
+}
+
+// const constructor tests
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    auto v1 = const Array!int([1, 2, 3]);
+    auto v2 = Array!int(v1);
+    assert(v1.get !is v2.get);
+    assert(v1 == v2);
+
+    auto v3 = const Array!int(Array!int([1, 2, 3]));
+    assert(v1 == v3);
+    assert(v3.length == 3);
+    assert(v3.capacity == 3);
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto v1 = Array!int(defaultAllocator);
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    Array!int v;
+    auto r = v[];
+    assert(r.length == 0);
+    assert(r.empty);
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto v1 = const Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
+    Array!int v2;
+    v2 = v1[0 .. 2];
+    assert(equal(v1[0 .. 2], v2[]));
+}
+
+// Move assignment
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    Array!int v1;
+    v1 = Array!int([5, 15, 8]);
+}
+
+// Postblit is safe
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    auto array = Array!int(3);
+    void func(Array!int arg)
+    {
+        assert(arg.capacity == 3);
+    }
+    func(array);
+}

tests/tanya/container/tests/buffer.d

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+module tanya.container.tests.buffer;
+
+import tanya.container.buffer;
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(ReadBuffer!int));
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof(WriteBuffer!int(5))));
+}
+

tests/tanya/container/tests/entry.d

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+module tanya.container.tests.entry;
+
+import tanya.container.entry;
+import tanya.test.stub;
+
+// Can be constructed with non-copyable key/values
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(Bucket!NonCopyable));
+    static assert(is(Bucket!(NonCopyable, NonCopyable)));
+
+    static assert(is(HashArray!((ref NonCopyable) => 0U, NonCopyable)));
+    static assert(is(HashArray!((ref NonCopyable) => 0U, NonCopyable, NonCopyable)));
+}