Fix parameter count for docs in container.string

For consistency with Phobos.

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+charset = utf-8
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 .dub
 __test__*__
 __test__*__.core
+/tanya-test-library
 
 /docs/
 /docs.json

.travis.yml

@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ sudo: false
 
 os:
  - linux
+ - osx
 
 language: d
 
 d:
+ - dmd-2.074.0
+ - dmd-2.073.2
  - dmd-2.072.2
  - dmd-2.071.2
 
@@ -14,4 +17,7 @@ env:
   - ARCH=x86_64
 
 script:
- - dub test --arch=$ARCH
+ - dub test -b unittest-cov --arch=$ARCH
+
+after_success:
+ - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Tanya
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya)
+[![Build status](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/master)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/caraus-ecms/tanya/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/caraus-ecms/tanya)
 [![Dub version](https://img.shields.io/dub/v/tanya.svg)](https://code.dlang.org/packages/tanya)
 [![Dub downloads](https://img.shields.io/dub/dt/tanya.svg)](https://code.dlang.org/packages/tanya)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MPL_2.0-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/master/LICENSE)
@@ -13,57 +15,58 @@ Garbage Collector heap. Everything in the library is usable in @nogc code.
 Tanya extends Phobos functionality and provides alternative implementations for
 data structures and utilities that depend on the Garbage Collector in Phobos.
 
+* [Bug tracker](https://issues.caraus.io/projects/tanya)
+* [Documentation](https://docs.caraus.io/tanya)
+
 ## Overview
 
 Tanya consists of the following packages:
 
 * `async`: Event loop (epoll, kqueue and IOCP).
-* `container`: Queue, Vector, Singly linked list, buffers.
-* `crypto`: Work in progress TLS implementation.
-* `math`: Multiple precision integer and a set of functions.
+* `container`: Queue, Array, Singly and doubly linked lists, Buffers, UTF-8
+string.
+* `math`: Arbitrary precision integer and a set of functions.
 * `memory`: Tools for manual memory management (allocator, reference counting,
 helper functions).
-* `network`: URL-Parsing, sockets.
+* `network`: URL-Parsing, sockets, utilities.
 
 ### Supported compilers
 
-* dmd 2.072.2
-* dmd 2.071.2
+| dmd     |
+|:-------:|
+| 2.074.0 |
+| 2.073.2 |
+| 2.072.2 |
+| 2.071.2 |
 
 ### Current status
 
-The library is currently under development, but some parts of it can already be
-used.
+Following modules are under development:
 
-`network` and `async` exist for quite some time and could be better tested than
-other components.
-
-Containers were newly reworked and the API won't change significantly, but will
-be only extended. The same is true for the `memory` package.
-
-`math` package contains an arbitrary precision integer implementation that has
-a stable API (that mostly consists of operator overloads), but still needs
-testing and work on its performance.
-
-I'm currently mostly working on `crypto` that is not a complete cryptographic
-suite, but contains (will contain) algorithm implementations required by TLS.
+| Feature      | Branch       | Build status                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+|--------------|:------------:|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| BitVector    | bitvector    | [![bitvector](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=bitvector)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya) [![bitvector](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/bitvector?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/bitvector)                |
+| TLS          | crypto       | [![crypto](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=crypto)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya) [![crypto](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/crypto?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/crypto)                               |
+| File IO      | io           | [![io](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=io)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya) [![io](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/io?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/io)                                                   |
+| Hash table   | horton-table | [![horton-table](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya.svg?branch=horton-table)](https://travis-ci.org/caraus-ecms/tanya) [![horton-table](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/djkmverdfsylc7ti/branch/horton-table?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/belka-ew/tanya/branch/horton-table) |
 
 ### Further characteristics
 
 * Tanya is a native D library.
 
-* Documentation and usage examples can be found in the source code.
-Online documentation will be published soon.
-
 * Tanya is cross-platform. The development happens on a 64-bit Linux, but it
 is being tested on Windows and FreeBSD as well.
 
 * The library isn't thread-safe. Thread-safity should be added later.
 
+## Release management
+
+3-week release cycle.
+
 ## Contributing
 
 Since I'm mostly busy writing new code and implementing new features I would
 appreciate, if anyone uses the library. It would help me to improve the
 codebase and fix issues.
 
-Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
+Feel free to contact me if you have any questions: info@caraus.de.

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+platform: x64
+os: Visual Studio 2017
+
+environment:
+ matrix:
+  - DC: dmd
+    DVersion: 2.074.0
+    arch: x86
+  - DC: dmd
+    DVersion: 2.073.2
+    arch: x86
+  - DC: dmd
+    DVersion: 2.072.2
+    arch: x86
+  - DC: dmd
+    DVersion: 2.071.2
+    arch: x86
+
+skip_tags: true
+
+install:
+  - ps: function SetUpDCompiler
+        {
+            $env:toolchain = "msvc";
+            $version = $env:DVersion;
+            Invoke-WebRequest "http://downloads.dlang.org/releases/2.x/$($version)/dmd.$($version).windows.7z" -OutFile "c:\dmd.7z";
+            echo "finished.";
+            pushd c:\\;
+            7z x dmd.7z > $null;
+            popd;
+        }
+  - ps: SetUpDCompiler
+
+  - ps: if($env:DVersion -eq "2.071.2"){
+            Invoke-WebRequest "http://code.dlang.org/files/dub-1.2.1-windows-x86.zip" -OutFile "dub.zip";
+            7z x dub.zip -odub > $null;
+            Move-Item "dub/dub.exe" "C:\dmd2\windows\bin"
+          }
+
+before_build:
+  - ps: $env:PATH += ";C:\dmd2\windows\bin;";
+  - call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=%arch%
+
+build_script:
+ - echo dummy build script - dont remove me
+
+test_script:
+ - echo %DC%
+ - echo %PATH%
+ - 'dub --version'
+ - '%DC% --version'
+ - dub test --arch=x86 --compiler=%DC%

dub.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "tanya",
-	"description": "D library with event loop",
+	"description": "General purpose, @nogc library",
 	"license": "MPL-2.0",
 	"copyright": "(c) Eugene Wissner <info@caraus.de>",
 	"authors": [

source/tanya/async/event/epoll.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.event.epoll;
 
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import tanya.async.event.selector;
 import tanya.async.loop;
 import tanya.async.transport;
 import tanya.async.watcher;
+import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.memory.mmappool;
 import tanya.network.socket;
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@ extern (C) nothrow @nogc
     int epoll_wait (int epfd, epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout);
 }
 
-class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
+final class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
 {
     protected int fd;
-	private epoll_event[] events;
+    private Array!epoll_event events;
 
     /**
      * Initializes the loop.
@@ -45,18 +46,17 @@ class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
     {
         if ((fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
         {
-			throw MmapPool.instance.make!BadLoopException("epoll initialization failed");
+            throw defaultAllocator.make!BadLoopException("epoll initialization failed");
         }
         super();
-		MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(events, maxEvents);
+        events = Array!epoll_event(maxEvents, MmapPool.instance);
     }
 
     /**
-	 * Free loop internals.
+     * Frees loop internals.
      */
     ~this() @nogc
     {
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(events);
         close(fd);
     }
 
@@ -70,14 +70,9 @@ class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
      */
-	protected override bool reify(ConnectionWatcher watcher,
+    protected override bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
                                   EventMask oldEvents,
                                   EventMask events) @nogc
-	in
-	{
-		assert(watcher !is null);
-	}
-	body
     {
         int op = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
         epoll_event ev;
@@ -110,7 +105,7 @@ class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
     {
         // Don't block
         immutable timeout = cast(immutable int) blockTime.total!"msecs";
-		auto eventCount = epoll_wait(fd, events.ptr, maxEvents, timeout);
+        auto eventCount = epoll_wait(fd, events.get().ptr, maxEvents, timeout);
 
         if (eventCount < 0)
         {
@@ -123,29 +118,30 @@ class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
 
         for (auto i = 0; i < eventCount; ++i)
         {
-			auto io = cast(IOWatcher) connections[events[i].data.fd];
+            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[events[i].data.fd];
 
-			if (io is null)
+            if (transport is null)
             {
-				acceptConnections(connections[events[i].data.fd]);
+                auto connection = cast(ConnectionWatcher) connections[events[i].data.fd];
+                assert(connection !is null);
+
+                acceptConnections(connection);
             }
             else if (events[i].events & EPOLLERR)
             {
-				kill(io, null);
+                kill(transport);
+                continue;
             }
             else if (events[i].events & (EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI | EPOLLHUP))
             {
-				auto transport = cast(SelectorStreamTransport) io.transport;
-				assert(transport !is null);
-
                 SocketException exception;
                 try
                 {
                     ptrdiff_t received;
                     do
                     {
-						received = transport.socket.receive(io.output[]);
-						io.output += received;
+                        received = transport.socket.receive(transport.output[]);
+                        transport.output += received;
                     }
                     while (received);
                 }
@@ -155,18 +151,16 @@ class EpollLoop : SelectorLoop
                 }
                 if (transport.socket.disconnected)
                 {
-					kill(io, exception);
+                    kill(transport, exception);
+                    continue;
                 }
-				else if (io.output.length)
+                else if (transport.output.length)
                 {
-					swapPendings.enqueue(io);
+                    pendings.enqueue(transport);
                 }
             }
-			else if (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT)
+            if (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT)
             {
-				auto transport = cast(SelectorStreamTransport) io.transport;
-				assert(transport !is null);
-
                 transport.writeReady = true;
                 if (transport.input.length)
                 {

source/tanya/async/event/iocp.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.event.iocp;
 
@@ -26,32 +26,68 @@ import core.sys.windows.winbase;
 import core.sys.windows.windef;
 import core.sys.windows.winsock2;
 
-class IOCPStreamTransport : StreamTransport
+/**
+ * Transport for stream sockets.
+ */
+final class StreamTransport : SocketWatcher, DuplexTransport, SocketTransport
 {
-	private OverlappedConnectedSocket socket_;
+    private SocketException exception;
+
+    private ReadBuffer!ubyte output;
 
     private WriteBuffer!ubyte input;
 
+    private Protocol protocol_;
+
+    private bool closing;
+
     /**
      * Creates new completion port transport.
+     *
      * Params:
      *  socket = Socket.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
      */
     this(OverlappedConnectedSocket socket) @nogc
-	in
+    {
+        super(socket);
+        output = ReadBuffer!ubyte(8192, 1024, MmapPool.instance);
+        input = WriteBuffer!ubyte(8192, MmapPool.instance);
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Socket.
+     *
+     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
+     */
+    override @property OverlappedConnectedSocket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    out (socket)
     {
         assert(socket !is null);
     }
     body
     {
-		socket_ = socket;
-		input = WriteBuffer!ubyte(8192, MmapPool.instance);
+        return cast(OverlappedConnectedSocket) socket_;
     }
 
-	@property inout(OverlappedConnectedSocket) socket()
-	inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    /**
+     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
+     */
+    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
     {
-		return socket_;
+        return closing;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the transport.
+     *
+     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
+     */
+    void close() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        closing = true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -62,8 +98,48 @@ class IOCPStreamTransport : StreamTransport
      */
     void write(ubyte[] data) @nogc
     {
-		immutable empty = input.length == 0;
         input ~= data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Application protocol.
+     */
+    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return protocol_;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switches the protocol.
+     *
+     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop, it should currently be
+     * allocated with $(D_PSYMBOL MmapPool).
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  protocol = Application protocol.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
+     */
+    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(protocol !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        protocol_ = protocol;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes the watcher callback.
+     */
+    override void invoke() @nogc
+    {
+        if (output.length)
+        {
+            immutable empty = input.length == 0;
+            protocol.received(output[0 .. $]);
+            output.clear();
             if (empty)
             {
                 SocketState overlapped;
@@ -79,9 +155,17 @@ class IOCPStreamTransport : StreamTransport
                 }
             }
         }
+        else
+        {
+            protocol.disconnected(exception);
+            MmapPool.instance.dispose(protocol_);
+            defaultAllocator.dispose(exception);
+            active = false;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-class IOCPLoop : Loop
+final class IOCPLoop : Loop
 {
     protected HANDLE completionPort;
 
@@ -112,7 +196,7 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
      */
-	override protected bool reify(ConnectionWatcher watcher,
+    override protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
                                   EventMask oldEvents,
                                   EventMask events) @nogc
     {
@@ -145,10 +229,7 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
         if (!(oldEvents & Event.read) && (events & Event.read)
             || !(oldEvents & Event.write) && (events & Event.write))
         {
-			auto io = cast(IOWatcher) watcher;
-			assert(io !is null);
-
-			auto transport = cast(IOCPStreamTransport) io.transport;
+            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) watcher;
             assert(transport !is null);
 
             if (CreateIoCompletionPort(cast(HANDLE) transport.socket.handle,
@@ -165,7 +246,7 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
                 try
                 {
                     overlapped = MmapPool.instance.make!SocketState;
-					transport.socket.beginReceive(io.output[], overlapped);
+                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
                 }
                 catch (SocketException e)
                 {
@@ -178,6 +259,20 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
         return true;
     }
 
+    private void kill(StreamTransport transport,
+                      SocketException exception = null) @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(transport !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        transport.socket.shutdown();
+        defaultAllocator.dispose(transport.socket);
+        transport.exception = exception;
+        pendings.enqueue(transport);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Does the actual polling.
      */
@@ -215,29 +310,26 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
                 assert(listener !is null);
 
                 auto socket = listener.endAccept(overlapped);
-				auto transport = MmapPool.instance.make!IOCPStreamTransport(socket);
-				auto io = MmapPool.instance.make!IOWatcher(transport, connection.protocol);
+                auto transport = MmapPool.instance.make!StreamTransport(socket);
 
-				connection.incoming.enqueue(io);
+                connection.incoming.enqueue(transport);
 
-				reify(io, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
+                reify(transport, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
 
-				swapPendings.enqueue(connection);
+                pendings.enqueue(connection);
                 listener.beginAccept(overlapped);
                 break;
             case OverlappedSocketEvent.read:
-				auto io = cast(IOWatcher) (cast(void*) key);
-				assert(io !is null);
-				if (!io.active)
+                auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) (cast(void*) key);
+                assert(transport !is null);
+
+                if (!transport.active)
                 {
-					MmapPool.instance.dispose(io);
+                    MmapPool.instance.dispose(transport);
                     MmapPool.instance.dispose(overlapped);
                     return;
                 }
 
-				auto transport = cast(IOCPStreamTransport) io.transport;
-				assert(transport !is null);
-
                 int received;
                 SocketException exception;
                 try
@@ -250,38 +342,39 @@ class IOCPLoop : Loop
                 }
                 if (transport.socket.disconnected)
                 {
-					// We want to get one last notification to destroy the watcher
-					transport.socket.beginReceive(io.output[], overlapped);
-					kill(io, exception);
+                    // We want to get one last notification to destroy the watcher.
+                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
+                    kill(transport, exception);
                 }
                 else if (received > 0)
                 {
-					immutable full = io.output.free == received;
+                    immutable full = transport.output.free == received;
 
-					io.output += received;
-					// Receive was interrupted because the buffer is full. We have to continue
+                    transport.output += received;
+                    // Receive was interrupted because the buffer is full. We have to continue.
                     if (full)
                     {
-						transport.socket.beginReceive(io.output[], overlapped);
+                        transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
                     }
-					swapPendings.enqueue(io);
+                    pendings.enqueue(transport);
                 }
                 break;
             case OverlappedSocketEvent.write:
-				auto io = cast(IOWatcher) (cast(void*) key);
-				assert(io !is null);
-
-				auto transport = cast(IOCPStreamTransport) io.transport;
+                auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) (cast(void*) key);
                 assert(transport !is null);
 
                 transport.input += transport.socket.endSend(overlapped);
-				if (transport.input.length)
+                if (transport.input.length > 0)
                 {
                     transport.socket.beginSend(transport.input[], overlapped);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-					transport.socket.beginReceive(io.output[], overlapped);
+                    transport.socket.beginReceive(transport.output[], overlapped);
+                    if (transport.isClosing())
+                    {
+                        kill(transport);
+                    }
                 }
                 break;
             default:

source/tanya/async/event/kqueue.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -41,8 +41,19 @@ else version (DragonFlyBSD)
 
 version (MacBSD):
 
-import core.stdc.stdint;    // intptr_t, uintptr_t
+import core.stdc.errno;
 import core.sys.posix.time; // timespec
+import core.sys.posix.unistd;
+import core.time;
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
+import tanya.async.event.selector;
+import tanya.async.loop;
+import tanya.async.transport;
+import tanya.async.watcher;
+import tanya.container.array;
+import tanya.memory;
+import tanya.memory.mmappool;
+import tanya.network.socket;
 
 void EV_SET(kevent_t* kevp, typeof(kevent_t.tupleof) args) pure nothrow @nogc
 {
@@ -102,32 +113,19 @@ extern(C) int kevent(int kq, const kevent_t *changelist, int nchanges,
                      kevent_t *eventlist, int nevents, const timespec *timeout)
                      nothrow @nogc;
 
-import tanya.async.event.selector;
-import tanya.async.loop;
-import tanya.async.transport;
-import tanya.async.watcher;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.memory.mmappool;
-import tanya.network.socket;
-import core.stdc.errno;
-import core.sys.posix.unistd;
-import core.sys.posix.sys.time;
-import core.time;
-import std.algorithm.comparison;
-
-class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
+final class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
 {
     protected int fd;
-	private kevent_t[] events;
-	private kevent_t[] changes;
+    private Array!kevent_t events;
+    private Array!kevent_t changes;
     private size_t changeCount;
 
     /**
      * Returns: Maximal event count can be got at a time
      *          (should be supported by the backend).
      */
-	override protected @property inout(uint) maxEvents()
-	inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    override protected @property uint maxEvents()
+    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
     {
         return cast(uint) events.length;
     }
@@ -138,19 +136,18 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
 
         if ((fd = kqueue()) == -1)
         {
-			throw MmapPool.instance.make!BadLoopException("epoll initialization failed");
+            throw make!BadLoopException(defaultAllocator,
+                                        "kqueue initialization failed");
         }
-		MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(events, 64);
-		MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(changes, 64);
+        events = Array!kevent_t(64, MmapPool.instance);
+        changes = Array!kevent_t(64, MmapPool.instance);
     }
 
     /**
-	 * Free loop internals.
+     * Frees loop internals.
      */
     ~this() @nogc
     {
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(events);
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(changes);
         close(fd);
     }
 
@@ -158,7 +155,7 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
     {
         if (changes.length <= changeCount)
         {
-			MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(changes, changeCount + maxEvents);
+            changes.length = changeCount + maxEvents;
         }
         EV_SET(&changes[changeCount],
                cast(ulong) socket,
@@ -180,7 +177,7 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
      */
-	override protected bool reify(ConnectionWatcher watcher,
+    override protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
                                   EventMask oldEvents,
                                   EventMask events) @nogc
     {
@@ -216,10 +213,15 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
 
         if (changeCount > maxEvents) 
         {
-			MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(events, changes.length);
+            events.length = changes.length;
         }
 
-		auto eventCount = kevent(fd, changes.ptr, cast(int) changeCount, events.ptr, maxEvents, &ts);
+        auto eventCount = kevent(fd,
+                                 changes.get().ptr,
+                                 cast(int) changeCount,
+                                 events.get().ptr,
+                                 maxEvents,
+                                 &ts);
         changeCount = 0;
 
         if (eventCount < 0)
@@ -235,29 +237,29 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
         {
             assert(connections.length > events[i].ident);
 
-			IOWatcher io = cast(IOWatcher) connections[events[i].ident];
+            auto transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[events[i].ident];
             // If it is a ConnectionWatcher. Accept connections.
-			if (io is null)
+            if (transport is null)
             {
-				acceptConnections(connections[events[i].ident]);
+                auto connection = cast(ConnectionWatcher) connections[events[i].ident];
+                assert(connection !is null);
+
+                acceptConnections(connection);
             }
             else if (events[i].flags & EV_ERROR)
             {
-				kill(io, null);
+                kill(transport);
             }
             else if (events[i].filter == EVFILT_READ)
             {
-				auto transport = cast(SelectorStreamTransport) io.transport;
-				assert(transport !is null);
-
                 SocketException exception;
                 try
                 {
                     ptrdiff_t received;
                     do
                     {
-						received = transport.socket.receive(io.output[]);
-						io.output += received;
+                        received = transport.socket.receive(transport.output[]);
+                        transport.output += received;
                     }
                     while (received);
                 }
@@ -267,18 +269,15 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
                 }
                 if (transport.socket.disconnected)
                 {
-					kill(io, exception);
+                    kill(transport, exception);
                 }
-				else if (io.output.length)
+                else if (transport.output.length)
                 {
-					swapPendings.enqueue(io);
+                    pendings.enqueue(transport);
                 }
             }
             else if (events[i].filter == EVFILT_WRITE)
             {
-				auto transport = cast(SelectorStreamTransport) io.transport;
-				assert(transport !is null);
-
                 transport.writeReady = true;
                 if (transport.input.length)
                 {
@@ -307,9 +306,9 @@ class KqueueLoop : SelectorLoop
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation could be successfully
      *          completed or scheduled, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise (the
-	 *          transport is be destroyed then).
+     *          transport will be destroyed then).
      */
-	protected override bool feed(SelectorStreamTransport transport,
+    protected override bool feed(StreamTransport transport,
                                  SocketException exception = null) @nogc
     {
         if (!super.feed(transport, exception))

source/tanya/async/event/selector.d

@@ -3,36 +3,41 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.event.selector;
 
 version (Posix):
 
 import tanya.async.loop;
+import tanya.async.protocol;
 import tanya.async.transport;
 import tanya.async.watcher;
 import tanya.container.buffer;
+import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.memory.mmappool;
 import tanya.network.socket;
-import core.sys.posix.netinet.in_;
-import core.stdc.errno;
 
 /**
  * Transport for stream sockets.
  */
-class SelectorStreamTransport : StreamTransport
+package class StreamTransport : SocketWatcher, DuplexTransport, SocketTransport
 {
-	private ConnectedSocket socket_;
+    private SelectorLoop loop;
+
+    private SocketException exception;
+
+    package ReadBuffer!ubyte output;
 
-	/// Input buffer.
     package WriteBuffer!ubyte input;
 
-	private SelectorLoop loop;
+    private Protocol protocol_;
+
+    private bool closing;
 
     /// Received notification that the underlying socket is write-ready.
     package bool writeReady;
@@ -41,20 +46,120 @@ class SelectorStreamTransport : StreamTransport
      * Params:
      *  loop   = Event loop.
      *  socket = Socket.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE loop !is null && socket !is null)
      */
     this(SelectorLoop loop, ConnectedSocket socket) @nogc
+    in 
     {
-		socket_ = socket;
+        assert(loop !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        super(socket);
         this.loop = loop;
+        output = ReadBuffer!ubyte(8192, 1024, MmapPool.instance);
         input = WriteBuffer!ubyte(8192, MmapPool.instance);
+        active = true;
     }
 
     /**
-	 * Returns: Transport socket.
+     * Returns: Socket.
+     *
+     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
      */
-	inout(ConnectedSocket) socket() inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    override @property ConnectedSocket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    out (socket)
     {
-		return socket_;
+        assert(socket !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        return cast(ConnectedSocket) socket_;
+    }
+
+    private @property void socket(ConnectedSocket socket)
+    pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(socket !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        socket_ = socket;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Application protocol.
+     */
+    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return protocol_;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switches the protocol.
+     *
+     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop, it should currently be
+     * allocated with $(D_PSYMBOL MmapPool).
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  protocol = Application protocol.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
+     */
+    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(protocol !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        protocol_ = protocol;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
+     */
+    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return closing;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the transport.
+     *
+     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
+     */
+    void close() @nogc
+    {
+        closing = true;
+        loop.reify(this,
+                   EventMask(Event.read, Event.write),
+                   EventMask(Event.write));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes the watcher callback.
+     */
+    override void invoke() @nogc
+    {
+        if (output.length)
+        {
+            protocol.received(output[0 .. $]);
+            output.clear();
+            if (isClosing() && input.length == 0)
+            {
+                loop.kill(this);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            protocol.disconnected(exception);
+            MmapPool.instance.dispose(protocol_);
+            defaultAllocator.dispose(exception);
+            active = false;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -103,28 +208,60 @@ class SelectorStreamTransport : StreamTransport
 abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
 {
     /// Pending connections.
-	protected ConnectionWatcher[] connections;
+    protected Array!SocketWatcher connections;
 
     this() @nogc
     {
         super();
-		MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(connections, maxEvents);
+        connections = Array!SocketWatcher(maxEvents, MmapPool.instance);
     }
 
     ~this() @nogc
     {
         foreach (ref connection; connections)
         {
-			// We want to free only IOWatchers. ConnectionWatcher are created by the
-			// user and should be freed by himself.
-			auto io = cast(IOWatcher) connection;
-			if (io !is null)
+            // We want to free only the transports. ConnectionWatcher are
+            // created by the user and should be freed by himself.
+            if (cast(StreamTransport) connection !is null)
             {
-				MmapPool.instance.dispose(io);
-				connection = null;
+                MmapPool.instance.dispose(connection);
             }
         }
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(connections);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should be called if the backend configuration changes.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  watcher   = Watcher.
+     *  oldEvents = The events were already set.
+     *  events    = The events should be set.
+     *
+     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
+     */
+    override abstract protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
+                                           EventMask oldEvents,
+                                           EventMask events) @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Kills the watcher and closes the connection.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  transport = Transport.
+     *  exception = Occurred exception.
+     */
+    protected void kill(StreamTransport transport,
+                        SocketException exception = null) @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(transport !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        transport.socket.shutdown();
+        defaultAllocator.dispose(transport.socket);
+        transport.exception = exception;
+        pendings.enqueue(transport);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -139,8 +276,13 @@ abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
      *          completed or scheduled, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise (the
      *          transport will be destroyed then).
      */
-	protected bool feed(SelectorStreamTransport transport,
+    protected bool feed(StreamTransport transport,
                         SocketException exception = null) @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(transport !is null);
+    }
+    body
     {
         while (transport.input.length && transport.writeReady)
         {
@@ -164,12 +306,13 @@ abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
         }
         if (exception !is null)
         {
-			auto watcher = cast(IOWatcher) connections[transport.socket.handle];
-			assert(watcher !is null);
-
-			kill(watcher, exception);
+            kill(transport, exception);
             return false;
         }
+        if (transport.input.length == 0 && transport.isClosing())
+        {
+            kill(transport);
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -188,7 +331,7 @@ abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
 
         if (connections.length <= watcher.socket)
         {
-			MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(connections, watcher.socket.handle + maxEvents / 2);
+            connections.length = watcher.socket.handle + maxEvents / 2;
         }
         connections[watcher.socket.handle] = watcher;
 
@@ -225,35 +368,33 @@ abstract class SelectorLoop : Loop
                 break;
             }
 
-			IOWatcher io;
-			auto transport = MmapPool.instance.make!SelectorStreamTransport(this, client);
+            StreamTransport transport;
 
             if (connections.length > client.handle)
             {
-				io = cast(IOWatcher) connections[client.handle];
+                transport = cast(StreamTransport) connections[client.handle];
             }
             else
             {
-				MmapPool.instance.resizeArray(connections, client.handle + maxEvents / 2);
+                connections.length = client.handle + maxEvents / 2;
             }
-			if (io is null)
+            if (transport is null)
             {
-				io = MmapPool.instance.make!IOWatcher(transport,
-				                                      connection.protocol);
-				connections[client.handle] = io;
+                transport = MmapPool.instance.make!StreamTransport(this, client);
+                connections[client.handle] = transport;
             }
             else
             {
-				io(transport, connection.protocol);
+                transport.socket = client;
             }
 
-			reify(io, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
-			connection.incoming.enqueue(io);
+            reify(transport, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.read, Event.write));
+            connection.incoming.enqueue(transport);
         }
 
         if (!connection.incoming.empty)
         {
-			swapPendings.enqueue(connection);
+            pendings.enqueue(connection);
         }
     }
 }

source/tanya/async/iocp.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.iocp;
 

source/tanya/async/loop.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  *
  * ---
  * import tanya.async;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  * {
  *  private DuplexTransport transport;
  *
- * 	void received(ubyte[] data) @nogc
+ *  void received(in ubyte[] data) @nogc
  *  {
  *      transport.write(data);
  *  }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
  *      this.transport = transport;
  *  }
  *
- * 	void disconnected(SocketException e = null) @nogc
+ *  void disconnected(SocketException e) @nogc
  *  {
  *  }
  * }
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ import core.time;
 import std.algorithm.iteration;
 import std.algorithm.mutation;
 import std.typecons;
-import tanya.async.protocol;
 import tanya.async.transport;
 import tanya.async.watcher;
 import tanya.container.buffer;
@@ -130,18 +129,17 @@ alias EventMask = BitFlags!Event;
  */
 abstract class Loop
 {
-	/// Pending watchers.
-	protected Queue!Watcher* pendings;
+    private bool done;
 
-	/// Ditto.
-	protected Queue!Watcher* swapPendings;
+    /// Pending watchers.
+    protected Queue!Watcher pendings;
 
     /**
      * Returns: Maximal event count can be got at a time
      *          (should be supported by the backend).
      */
-	protected @property inout(uint) maxEvents()
-	inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    protected @property uint maxEvents()
+    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
     {
         return 128U;
     }
@@ -151,8 +149,7 @@ abstract class Loop
      */
     this() @nogc
     {
-		pendings = MmapPool.instance.make!(Queue!Watcher)(MmapPool.instance);
-		swapPendings = MmapPool.instance.make!(Queue!Watcher)(MmapPool.instance);
+        pendings = Queue!Watcher(MmapPool.instance);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -160,17 +157,10 @@ abstract class Loop
      */
     ~this() @nogc
     {
-		foreach (w; *pendings)
+        foreach (w; pendings)
         {
             MmapPool.instance.dispose(w);
         }
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(pendings);
-
-		foreach (w; *swapPendings)
-		{
-			MmapPool.instance.dispose(w);
-		}
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(swapPendings);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -178,19 +168,18 @@ abstract class Loop
      */
     void run() @nogc
     {
-		done_ = false;
+        done = false;
         do
         {
             poll();
 
             // Invoke pendings
-			foreach (ref w; *swapPendings)
+            foreach (ref w; pendings)
             {
                 w.invoke();
             }
-			swap(pendings, swapPendings);
         }
-		while (!done_);
+        while (!done);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -198,7 +187,7 @@ abstract class Loop
      */
     void unloop() @safe pure nothrow @nogc
     {
-		done_ = true;
+        done = true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -214,6 +203,7 @@ abstract class Loop
             return;
         }
         watcher.active = true;
+
         reify(watcher, EventMask(Event.none), EventMask(Event.accept));
     }
 
@@ -244,7 +234,7 @@ abstract class Loop
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the operation was successful.
      */
-	abstract protected bool reify(ConnectionWatcher watcher,
+    abstract protected bool reify(SocketWatcher watcher,
                                   EventMask oldEvents,
                                   EventMask events) @nogc;
 
@@ -255,7 +245,7 @@ abstract class Loop
     inout @safe pure nothrow @nogc
     {
         // Don't block if we have to do.
-		return swapPendings.empty ? blockTime_ : Duration.zero;
+        return pendings.empty ? blockTime_ : Duration.zero;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -276,26 +266,11 @@ abstract class Loop
         blockTime_ = blockTime;
     }
 
-	/**
-	 * Kills the watcher and closes the connection.
-	 */
-	protected void kill(IOWatcher watcher, SocketException exception) @nogc
-	{
-		watcher.socket.shutdown();
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(watcher.socket);
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(watcher.transport);
-		watcher.exception = exception;
-		swapPendings.enqueue(watcher);
-	}
-
     /**
      * Does the actual polling.
      */
     abstract protected void poll() @nogc;
 
-	/// Whether the event loop should be stopped.
-	private bool done_;
-
     /// Maximal block time.
     protected Duration blockTime_ = 1.dur!"minutes";
 }

source/tanya/async/package.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async;
 

source/tanya/async/protocol.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.protocol;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ interface Protocol
      * Params:
      *  data = Read data.
      */
-	void received(ubyte[] data) @nogc;
+    void received(in ubyte[] data) @nogc;
 
     /**
      * Called when a connection is made.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ interface Protocol
      *  exception = $(D_PSYMBOL Exception) if an error caused
      *              the disconnect, $(D_KEYWORD null) otherwise.
      */
-	void disconnected(SocketException exception = null) @nogc;
+    void disconnected(SocketException exception) @nogc;
 }
 
 /**

source/tanya/async/transport.d

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.transport;
 
+import tanya.async.protocol;
 import tanya.network.socket;
 
 /**
@@ -45,6 +46,46 @@ interface WriteTransport : Transport
  */
 interface DuplexTransport : ReadTransport, WriteTransport
 {
+    /**
+     * Returns: Application protocol.
+     *
+     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
+     */
+    @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    out (protocol)
+    {
+        assert(protocol !is null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switches the protocol.
+     *
+     * The protocol is deallocated by the event loop, it should currently be
+     * allocated with $(D_PSYMBOL MmapPool).
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  protocol = Application protocol.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE protocol !is null)
+     */
+    @property void protocol(Protocol protocol) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(protocol !is null);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns $(D_PARAM true) if the transport is closing or closed.
+     */
+    bool isClosing() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
+
+    /**
+     * Close the transport.
+     *
+     * Buffered data will be flushed.  No more data will be received.
+     */
+    void close() @nogc;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -52,12 +93,8 @@ interface DuplexTransport : ReadTransport, WriteTransport
  */
 interface SocketTransport : Transport
 {
-	@property inout(Socket) socket() inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-}
-
     /**
- * Represents a connection-oriented socket transport.
+     * Returns: Socket.
      */
-package interface StreamTransport : DuplexTransport, SocketTransport
-{
+    @property Socket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
 }

source/tanya/async/watcher.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.async.watcher;
 
@@ -21,15 +21,6 @@ import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.memory.mmappool;
 import tanya.network.socket;
 
-version (Windows)
-{
-	import core.sys.windows.basetyps;
-	import core.sys.windows.mswsock;
-	import core.sys.windows.winbase;
-	import core.sys.windows.windef;
-	import core.sys.windows.winsock2;
-}
-
 /**
  * A watcher is an opaque structure that you allocate and register to record
  * your interest in some event. 
@@ -45,15 +36,48 @@ abstract class Watcher
     void invoke() @nogc;
 }
 
-class ConnectionWatcher : Watcher
+/**
+ * Socket watcher.
+ */
+abstract class SocketWatcher : Watcher
 {
     /// Watched socket.
-	private Socket socket_;
+    protected Socket socket_;
 
-	/// Protocol factory.
-	protected Protocol delegate() @nogc protocolFactory;
+    /**
+     * Params:
+     *  socket = Socket.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE socket !is null)
+     */
+    this(Socket socket) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    in
+    {
+        assert(socket !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        socket_ = socket;
+    }
 
-	package Queue!IOWatcher incoming;
+    /**
+     * Returns: Socket.
+     */
+    @property Socket socket() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return socket_;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Connection watcher.
+ */
+class ConnectionWatcher : SocketWatcher
+{
+    /// Incoming connection queue.
+    Queue!DuplexTransport incoming;
+
+    private Protocol delegate() @nogc protocolFactory;
 
     /**
      * Params:
@@ -61,20 +85,8 @@ class ConnectionWatcher : Watcher
      */
     this(Socket socket) @nogc
     {
-		socket_ = socket;
-	}
-
-	/// Ditto.
-	protected this() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-	{
-	}
-
-	~this() @nogc
-	{
-		foreach (w; incoming)
-		{
-			MmapPool.instance.dispose(w);
-		}
+        super(socket);
+        incoming = Queue!DuplexTransport(MmapPool.instance);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -87,159 +99,19 @@ class ConnectionWatcher : Watcher
     }
 
     /**
-	 * Returns: Socket.
+     * Invokes new connection callback.
      */
-	@property inout(Socket) socket() inout pure nothrow @nogc
-	{
-		return socket_;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns: New protocol instance.
-	 */
-	@property Protocol protocol() @nogc
+    override void invoke() @nogc
     in
     {
         assert(protocolFactory !is null, "Protocol isn't set.");
     }
     body
     {
-		return protocolFactory();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Invokes new connection callback.
-	 */
-	override void invoke() @nogc
+        foreach (transport; incoming)
         {
-		foreach (io; incoming)
-		{
-			io.protocol.connected(cast(DuplexTransport) io.transport);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * Contains a pending watcher with the invoked events or a transport can be
- * read from.
- */
-class IOWatcher : ConnectionWatcher
-{
-	/// If an exception was thrown the transport should be already invalid.
-	private union
-	{
-		StreamTransport transport_;
-		SocketException exception_;
-	}
-
-	private Protocol protocol_;
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns: Underlying output buffer.
-	 */
-	package ReadBuffer!ubyte output;
-
-	/**
-	 * Params:
-	 * 	transport = Transport.
-	 * 	protocol  = New instance of the application protocol.
-	 */
-	this(StreamTransport transport, Protocol protocol) @nogc
-	in
-	{
-		assert(transport !is null);
-		assert(protocol !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		super();
-		transport_ = transport;
-		protocol_ = protocol;
-		output = ReadBuffer!ubyte(8192, 1024, MmapPool.instance);
-		active = true;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Destroys the watcher.
-	 */
-	~this() @nogc
-	{
-		MmapPool.instance.dispose(protocol_);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Assigns a transport.
-	 *
-	 * Params:
-	 * 	transport = Transport.
-	 * 	protocol  = Application protocol.
-	 *
-	 * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-	 */
-	IOWatcher opCall(StreamTransport transport, Protocol protocol)
-	pure nothrow @nogc
-	in
-	{
-		assert(transport !is null);
-		assert(protocol !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		transport_ = transport;
-		protocol_ = protocol;
-		active = true;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns: Transport used by this watcher.
-	 */
-	@property inout(StreamTransport) transport() inout pure nothrow @nogc
-	{
-		return transport_;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets an exception occurred during a read/write operation.
-	 *
-	 * Params:
-	 * 	exception = Thrown exception.
-	 */
-	@property void exception(SocketException exception) pure nothrow @nogc
-	{
-		exception_ = exception;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns: Application protocol.
-	 */
-	override @property Protocol protocol() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-	{
-		return protocol_;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns: Socket.
-	 */
-	override @property inout(Socket) socket() inout pure nothrow @nogc
-	{
-		return transport.socket;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Invokes the watcher callback.
-	 */
-	override void invoke() @nogc
-	{
-		if (output.length)
-		{
-			protocol.received(output[0..$]);
-			output.clear();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			protocol.disconnected(exception_);
-			active = false;
+            transport.protocol = protocolFactory();
+            transport.protocol.connected(transport);
         }
     }
 }

source/tanya/container/buffer.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -261,7 +261,6 @@ struct ReadBuffer(T = ubyte)
                     allocator.reallocate(buf, (cap + blockSize) * T.sizeof);
                     buffer_ = cast(T[]) buf;
                 }();
-				buffer_[cap .. $] = T.init;
             }
             ring = length_;
             return buffer_[length_ .. $];
@@ -337,33 +336,25 @@ struct WriteBuffer(T = ubyte)
      *  size      = Initial buffer size and the size by which the buffer will
      *              grow.
      *  allocator = Allocator.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE size > 0 && allocator !is null)
      */
     this(in size_t size, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator) @trusted
     in
     {
         assert(size > 0);
+        assert(allocator !is null);
     }
     body
     {
         blockSize = size;
         ring = size - 1;
-		this(allocator);
+        allocator_ = allocator;
         buffer_ = cast(T[]) allocator_.allocate(size * T.sizeof);
     }
 
     @disable this();
 
-	/// Ditto.
-	this(shared Allocator allocator)
-	in
-	{
-		assert(allocator !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		allocator_ = allocator;
-	}
-
     /**
      * Deallocates the internal buffer.
      */

source/tanya/container/entry.d

@@ -5,41 +5,27 @@
 /*
  * Internal package used by containers that rely on entries/nodes.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.container.entry;
 
-version (unittest)
+package struct SEntry(T)
 {
-	package struct ConstEqualsStruct
-	{
-		int opEquals(typeof(this) that) const @nogc
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	package struct MutableEqualsStruct
-	{
-		int opEquals(typeof(this) that) @nogc
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	package struct NoEqualsStruct
-	{
-	}
-}
-
-package struct Entry(T)
-{
-	/// Item content.
+    // Item content.
     T content;
 
-	/// Next item.
-	Entry* next;
+    // Next item.
+    SEntry* next;
+}
+
+package struct DEntry(T)
+{
+    // Item content.
+    T content;
+
+    // Previous and next item.
+    DEntry* next, prev;
 }

source/tanya/container/package.d

@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Abstract data types whose instances are collections of other objects.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.container;
 
+public import tanya.container.array;
 public import tanya.container.buffer;
 public import tanya.container.list;
-public import tanya.container.vector;
+public import tanya.container.string;
 public import tanya.container.queue;

source/tanya/container/queue.d

@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * FIFO queue.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.container.queue;
 
+import core.exception;
 import std.traits;
 import std.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.entry;
@@ -34,18 +37,6 @@ struct Queue(T)
         }
     }
 
-	/**
-	 * Removes all elements from the queue.
-	 */
-	deprecated
-	void clear()
-	{
-		while (!empty)
-		{
-			dequeue();
-		}
-	}
-
     /**
      * Returns how many elements are in the queue. It iterates through the queue
      * to count the elements.
@@ -55,7 +46,7 @@ struct Queue(T)
     size_t length() const
     {
         size_t len;
-		for (const(Entry!T)* i = first.next; i !is null; i = i.next)
+        for (const(SEntry!T)* i = first; i !is null; i = i.next)
         {
             ++len;
         }
@@ -83,84 +74,27 @@ struct Queue(T)
         assert(q.length == 0);
     }
 
-	version (D_Ddoc)
+    private void enqueueEntry(ref SEntry!T* entry)
     {
-		/**
-		 * Compares two queues. Checks if all elements of the both queues are equal.
-		 *
-		 * Returns: Whether $(D_KEYWORD this) and $(D_PARAM that) are equal.
-		 */
-		deprecated
-		int opEquals(ref typeof(this) that);
-
-		/// Ditto.
-		deprecated
-		int opEquals(typeof(this) that);
-	}
-	else static if (!hasMember!(T, "opEquals")
-	             || (functionAttributes!(T.opEquals) & FunctionAttribute.const_))
+        if (empty)
         {
-		deprecated
-		bool opEquals(in ref typeof(this) that) const
-		{
-			const(Entry!T)* i = first.next;
-			const(Entry!T)* j = that.first.next;
-			while (i !is null && j !is null)
-			{
-				if (i.content != j.content)
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
-				i = i.next;
-				j = j.next;
-			}
-			return i is null && j is null;
-		}
-
-		deprecated
-		bool opEquals(in typeof(this) that) const
-		{
-			return opEquals(that);
-		}
+            first = rear = entry;
         }
         else
         {
-		deprecated
-		bool opEquals(ref typeof(this) that)
-		{
-			Entry!T* i = first.next;
-			Entry!T* j = that.first.next;
-			while (i !is null && j !is null)
-			{
-				if (i.content != j.content)
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
-				i = i.next;
-				j = j.next;
-			}
-			return i is null && j is null;
-		}
-
-		deprecated
-		bool opEquals(typeof(this) that)
-		{
-			return opEquals(that);
+            rear.next = entry;
+            rear = rear.next;
         }
     }
 
-	/**
-	 * Returns: First element.
-	 */
-	deprecated("Use dequeue instead.")
-	@property ref inout(T) front() inout
-	in
+    private SEntry!T* allocateEntry()
     {
-		assert(!empty);
+        auto temp = cast(SEntry!T*) allocator.allocate(SEntry!T.sizeof);
+        if (temp is null)
+        {
+            onOutOfMemoryError();
         }
-	body
-	{
-		return first.next.content;
+        return temp;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -168,43 +102,36 @@ struct Queue(T)
      *
      * Params:
      *  x = New element.
-	 *
-	 * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-	ref typeof(this) enqueue(ref T x)
+    void enqueue(ref T x)
     {
-		auto temp = allocator.make!(Entry!T)(x);
-		if (empty)
-		{
-			first.next = rear = temp;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			rear.next = temp;
-			rear = rear.next;
-		}
-		return this;
+        auto temp = allocateEntry();
+
+        *temp = SEntry!T.init;
+        temp.content = x;
+
+        enqueueEntry(temp);
     }
 
     /// Ditto.
-	ref typeof(this) enqueue(T x)
+    void enqueue(T x)
     {
-		return enqueue(x);
+        auto temp = allocateEntry();
+
+        moveEmplace(x, (*temp).content);
+        (*temp).next = null;
+
+        enqueueEntry(temp);
     }
 
-	deprecated("Use enqueue instead.")
-	alias insert = enqueue;
-
-	deprecated("Use enqueue instead.")
-	alias insertBack = enqueue;
-
     ///
     unittest
     {
         Queue!int q;
 
         assert(q.empty);
-		q.enqueue(8).enqueue(9);
+        q.enqueue(8);
+        q.enqueue(9);
         assert(q.dequeue() == 8);
         assert(q.dequeue() == 9);
     }
@@ -214,7 +141,7 @@ struct Queue(T)
      */
     @property bool empty() const
     {
-		return first.next is null;
+        return first is null;
     }
 
     ///
@@ -237,27 +164,24 @@ struct Queue(T)
     in
     {
         assert(!empty);
-		assert(allocator !is null);
     }
     body
     {
-		auto n = first.next.next;
-		T ret = move(first.next.content);
+        auto n = first.next;
+        T ret = move(first.content);
 
-		dispose(allocator, first.next);
-		first.next = n;
+        allocator.dispose(first);
+        first = n;
         return ret;
     }
 
-	deprecated("Use dequeue instead.")
-	alias popFront = dequeue;
-
     ///
     unittest
     {
         Queue!int q;
 
-		q.enqueue(8).enqueue(9);
+        q.enqueue(8);
+        q.enqueue(9);
         assert(q.dequeue() == 8);
         assert(q.dequeue() == 9);
     }
@@ -268,6 +192,8 @@ struct Queue(T)
      *
      * Params:
      *  dg = $(D_KEYWORD foreach) body.
+     *
+     * Returns: The value returned from $(D_PARAM dg).
      */
     int opApply(scope int delegate(ref size_t i, ref T) @nogc dg)
     {
@@ -306,7 +232,9 @@ struct Queue(T)
         Queue!int q;
 
         size_t j;
-		q.enqueue(5).enqueue(4).enqueue(9);
+        q.enqueue(5);
+        q.enqueue(4);
+        q.enqueue(9);
         foreach (i, e; q)
         {
             assert(i != 2 || e == 9);
@@ -318,7 +246,9 @@ struct Queue(T)
         assert(q.empty);
 
         j = 0;
-		q.enqueue(5).enqueue(4).enqueue(9);
+        q.enqueue(5);
+        q.enqueue(4);
+        q.enqueue(9);
         foreach (e; q)
         {
             assert(j != 2 || e == 9);
@@ -330,11 +260,8 @@ struct Queue(T)
         assert(q.empty);
     }
 
-	/// The first element of the list.
-	private Entry!T first;
-
-	/// The last element of the list.
-	private Entry!T* rear;
+    private SEntry!T* first;
+    private SEntry!T* rear;
 
     mixin DefaultAllocator;
 }
@@ -347,7 +274,8 @@ unittest
     q.enqueue(5);
     assert(!q.empty);
 
-	q.enqueue(4).enqueue(9);
+    q.enqueue(4);
+    q.enqueue(9);
 
     assert(q.dequeue() == 5);
 

source/tanya/crypto/bit.d

@@ -1,510 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.crypto.bit;
-
-/**
- * Wrapper that allows bit manipulation on $(D_KEYWORD ubyte[]) array.
- */
-struct BitVector
-{
-    protected ubyte[] vector;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *     array = Array should be manipulated on.
-     */
-    this(inout(ubyte[]) array) inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(array.length <= size_t.max / 8);
-        assert(array !is null);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        vector = array;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        ubyte[5] array1 = [234, 3, 252, 10, 18];
-        ubyte[3] array2 = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(array1);
-
-        assert(bits[] is array1);
-        assert(bits[] !is array2);
-
-        bits = BitVector(array2);
-        assert(bits[] is array2);
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Number of bits in the vector.
-     */
-    @property inout(size_t) length() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return vector.length * 8;
-    }
-
-    /// Ditto.
-    inout(size_t) opDollar() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return vector.length * 8;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] arr = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        assert(bits.length == 24);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *     bit = Bit position.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the bit on position $(D_PARAM bit) is set,
-     *          $(D_KEYWORD false) if not set.
-     */
-    inout(bool) opIndex(size_t bit) inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(bit / 8 <= vector.length);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        return (vector[bit / 8] & (0x80 >> (bit % 8))) != 0;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] arr = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        assert(!bits[0]);
-        assert(bits[1]);
-        assert(bits[7]);
-        assert(!bits[8]);
-        assert(!bits[11]);
-        assert(bits[12]);
-        assert(bits[20]);
-        assert(bits[23]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Underlying array.
-     */
-    inout(ubyte[]) opIndex() inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return vector;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] arr = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        assert(bits[] is arr);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *     value = $(D_KEYWORD true) if the bit should be set,
-     *             $(D_KEYWORD false) if cleared.
-     *     bit   = Bit position.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_PSYMBOL this).
-     */
-    bool opIndexAssign(bool value, size_t bit) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(bit / 8 <= vector.length);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        if (value)
-        {
-            vector[bit / 8] |= (0x80 >> (bit % 8));
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            vector[bit / 8] &= ~(0x80 >> (bit % 8));
-        }
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] arr = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        bits[5] = bits[6] = true;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 71);
-
-        bits[14] = true;
-        bits[15] = false;
-        assert(bits[][1] == 14);
-
-        bits[16] = bits[23] = false;
-        assert(bits[][2] == 44);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Copies bits from $(D_PARAM vector) into this $(D_PSYMBOL BitVector).
-     *
-     * The array that should be assigned, can be smaller (but not larger) than
-     * the underlying array of this $(D_PSYMBOL BitVector), leading zeros will
-     * be added in this case to the left.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     vector = $(D_KEYWORD ubyte[]) array not larger than
-     *              `$(D_PSYMBOL length) / 8`.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-     */
-    BitVector opAssign(ubyte[] vector) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(vector.length <= this.vector.length);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        immutable delta = this.vector.length - vector.length;
-        if (delta > 0)
-        {
-            this.vector[0..delta] = 0;
-        }
-        this.vector[delta..$] = vector[0..$];
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        ubyte[5] array1 = [234, 3, 252, 10, 18];
-        ubyte[3] array2 = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(array1);
-
-        bits = array2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][1] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][2] == 65);
-        assert(bits[][3] == 13);
-        assert(bits[][4] == 173);
-
-        bits = array2[0..2];
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][1] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][2] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][3] == 65);
-        assert(bits[][4] == 13);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Support for bitwise operations.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     that = Another bit vector.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-     */
-    BitVector opOpAssign(string op)(BitVector that) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        if ((op == "^") || (op == "|") || (op == "&"))
-    {
-        return opOpAssign(op)(that.vector);
-    }
-
-    /// Ditto.
-    BitVector opOpAssign(string op)(ubyte[] that) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        if ((op == "^") || (op == "|") || (op == "&"))
-    in
-    {
-        assert(that.length <= vector.length);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        for (int i = cast(int) vector.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
-        {
-            mixin("vector[i] " ~  op ~ "= " ~ "that[i];");
-        }
-        immutable delta = vector.length - that.length;
-        if (delta)
-        {
-            static if (op == "&")
-            {
-                vector[0..delta] = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] array1 = [65, 13, 173];
-        ubyte[3] array2 = [0b01010010, 0b10111110, 0b10111110];
-        auto bits = BitVector(array1);
-
-        bits |= array2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b01010011);
-        assert(bits[][1] == 0b10111111);
-        assert(bits[][2] == 0b10111111);
-
-        bits &= array2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == array2[0]);
-        assert(bits[][1] == array2[1]);
-        assert(bits[][2] == array2[2]);
-
-        bits ^= array2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][1] == 0);
-        assert(bits[][2] == 0);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Support for shift operations.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     n = Number of bits.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-     */
-    BitVector opOpAssign(string op)(in size_t n) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        if ((op == "<<") || (op == ">>"))
-
-    {
-        if (n >= length)
-        {
-            vector[0..$] = 0;
-        }
-        else if (n != 0)
-        {
-            immutable bit = n % 8, step = n / 8;
-            immutable delta = 8 - bit;
-            size_t i, j;
-
-            static if (op == "<<")
-            {
-                for (j = step; j < vector.length - 1; ++i)
-                {
-                    vector[i] = cast(ubyte)((vector[j] << bit)
-                              | vector[++j] >> delta);
-                }
-                vector[i] = cast(ubyte)(vector[j] << bit);
-                vector[$ - step ..$] = 0;
-            }
-            else static if (op == ">>")
-            {
-                for (i = vector.length - 1, j = i - step; j > 0; --i)
-                {
-                    vector[i] = cast(ubyte)((vector[j] >> bit)
-                              | vector[--j] << delta);
-                }
-                vector[i] = cast(ubyte)(vector[j] >> bit);
-                vector[0..step] = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    nothrow @safe @nogc unittest
-    {
-        ubyte[4] arr = [0b10111110, 0b11110010, 0b01010010, 0b01010011];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        bits <<= 0;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b10111110 && bits[][1] == 0b11110010
-            && bits[][2] == 0b01010010 && bits[][3] == 0b01010011);
-
-        bits <<= 2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b11111011 && bits[][1] == 0b11001001
-            && bits[][2] == 0b01001001 && bits[][3] == 0b01001100);
-
-        bits <<= 4;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b10111100 && bits[][1] == 0b10010100
-            && bits[][2] == 0b10010100 && bits[][3] == 0b11000000);
-
-        bits <<= 8;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b10010100 && bits[][1] == 0b10010100
-            && bits[][2] == 0b11000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        bits <<= 7;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b01001010 && bits[][1] == 0b01100000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        bits <<= 25;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        arr = [0b00110011, 0b11001100, 0b11111111, 0b01010101];
-        bits <<= 24;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b01010101 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        arr[1] = 0b11001100;
-        arr[2] = 0b11111111;
-        arr[3] = 0b01010101;
-        bits <<= 12;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b11001111 && bits[][1] == 0b11110101
-            && bits[][2] == 0b01010000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        bits <<= 100;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        arr = [0b10111110, 0b11110010, 0b01010010, 0b01010011];
-        bits >>= 0;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b10111110 && bits[][1] == 0b11110010
-            && bits[][2] == 0b01010010 && bits[][3] == 0b01010011);
-
-        bits >>= 2;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00101111 && bits[][1] == 0b10111100
-            && bits[][2] == 0b10010100 && bits[][3] == 0b10010100);
-
-        bits >>= 4;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000010 && bits[][1] == 0b11111011
-            && bits[][2] == 0b11001001 && bits[][3] == 0b01001001);
-
-        bits >>= 8;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000010
-            && bits[][2] == 0b11111011 && bits[][3] == 0b11001001);
-
-        bits >>= 7;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000101 && bits[][3] == 0b11110111);
-
-        bits >>= 25;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-
-        arr = [0b00110011, 0b11001100, 0b11111111, 0b01010101];
-        bits >>= 24;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00110011);
-
-        arr[1] = 0b11001100;
-        arr[2] = 0b11111111;
-        arr[3] = 0b01010101;
-        bits >>= 12;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00001100 && bits[][3] == 0b11001111);
-
-        bits >>= 100;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b00000000 && bits[][1] == 0b00000000
-            && bits[][2] == 0b00000000 && bits[][3] == 0b00000000);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Negates all bits.
-     *
-     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
-     */
-    BitVector opUnary(string op)() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        if (op == "~")
-    {
-        foreach (ref b; vector)
-        {
-            b = ~b;
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        // [01000001, 00001101, 10101101]
-        ubyte[3] arr = [65, 13, 173];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-
-        ~bits;
-        assert(bits[][0] == 0b10111110);
-        assert(bits[][1] == 0b11110010);
-        assert(bits[][2] == 0b01010010);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Iterates through all bits.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     dg = $(D_KEYWORD foreach) delegate.
-     *
-     * Returns: By $(D_PARAM dg) returned value.
-     */
-    int opApply(int delegate(size_t, bool) dg)
-    {
-        int result;
-        foreach (i, ref v; vector)
-        {
-            foreach (c; 0..8)
-            {
-                result = dg(i * 8 + c, (v & (0x80 >> c)) != 0);
-                if (result)
-                {
-                    return result;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// Ditto.
-    int opApply(int delegate(bool) dg)
-    {
-        int result;
-        foreach (ref v; vector)
-        {
-            foreach (c; 0..8)
-            {
-                result = dg((v & (0x80 >> c)) != 0);
-                if (result)
-                {
-                    return result;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    ///
-    unittest
-    {
-        ubyte[2] arr = [0b01000001, 0b00001101];
-        auto bits = BitVector(arr);
-        size_t c;
-
-        foreach (i, v; bits)
-        {
-            assert(i == c);
-            if (i == 1 || i == 7 || i == 15 || i == 13 || i == 12)
-            {
-                assert(v);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                assert(!v);
-            }
-            ++c;
-        }
-        assert(c == 16);
-    }
-}

source/tanya/crypto/des.d

@@ -1,607 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.crypto.des;
-
-import tanya.crypto.bit;
-import tanya.crypto.symmetric;
-
-/// Initial permutation table.
-private immutable ubyte[64] ipTable = [58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
-                                       60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,
-                                       62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,
-                                       64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,
-                                       57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9,  1,
-                                       59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
-                                       61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,
-                                       63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7];
-
-/// Final permutation table.
-private immutable ubyte[64] fpTable = [40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32,
-                                       39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31,
-                                       38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30,
-                                       37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29,
-                                       36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28,
-                                       35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27,
-                                       34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26,
-                                       33, 1, 41, 9,  49, 17, 57, 25];
-
-/// Key permutation table 1.
-private immutable ubyte[64] pc1Table = [57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,
-                                        58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
-                                        59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
-                                        60, 52, 44, 36, 63, 55, 47, 39,
-                                        31, 23, 15, 7,  62, 54, 46, 38,
-                                        30, 22, 14, 6,  61, 53, 45, 37,
-                                        29, 21, 13, 5,  28, 20, 12, 4];
-
-/// Key permutation table 2.
-private immutable ubyte[48] pc2Table = [14, 17, 11, 24, 1,  5,  3,  28,
-                                        15, 6,  21, 10, 23, 19, 12, 4,
-                                        26, 8,  16, 7,  27, 20, 13, 2,
-                                        41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55, 30, 40,
-                                        51, 45, 33, 48, 44, 49, 39, 56,
-                                        34, 53, 46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32];
-
-/// Expansion table.
-private immutable ubyte[48] expansionTable = [32, 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  4,  5,
-                                              6,  7,  8,  9,  8,  9,  10, 11,
-                                              12, 13, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
-                                              16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 20, 21,
-                                              22, 23, 24, 25, 24, 25, 26, 27,
-                                              28, 29, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1];
-
-/// Final input block permutation.
-private immutable ubyte[32] pTable = [16, 7,  20, 21, 29, 12, 28, 17,
-                                      1,  15, 23, 26, 5,  18, 31, 10,
-                                      2,  8,  24, 14, 32, 27, 3,  9,
-                                      19, 13, 30, 6,  22, 11, 4, 25];
-
-/// The (in)famous S-boxes.
-private immutable ubyte[64][8] sBox = [[
-                                         14, 0,  4,  15, 13, 7,  1,  4,  2, 14,  15, 2, 11, 13, 8,  1,
-                                         3,  10, 10, 6,  6,  12, 12, 11, 5,  9,  9,  5, 0,  3,  7,  8,
-                                         4,  15, 1,  12, 14, 8,  8,  2,  13, 4,  6,  9, 2,  1,  11, 7,
-                                         15, 5,  12, 11, 9,  3,  7,  14, 3,  10, 10, 0, 5,  6,  0,  13,
-                                      ],[
-                                         15, 3,  1,  13, 8,  4,  14, 7,  6,  15, 11, 2,  3,  8,  4,  14,
-                                         9,  12, 7,  0,  2,  1,  13, 10, 12, 6,  0,  9,  5,  11, 10, 5,
-                                         0,  13, 14, 8,  7,  10, 11, 1,  10, 3,  4,  15, 13, 4,  1,  2,
-                                         5,  11, 8,  6,  12, 7,  6,  12, 9,  0,  3,  5,  2,  14, 15, 9,
-                                      ],[
-                                         10, 13, 0,  7,  9,  0,  14, 9,  6,  3,  3,  4,  15, 6,  5,  10,
-                                         1,  2,  13, 8,  12, 5,  7,  14, 11, 12, 4,  11, 2,  15, 8,  1,
-                                         13, 1,  6,  10, 4,  13, 9,  0,  8,  6,  15, 9,  3,  8,  0,  7,
-                                         11, 4,  1,  15, 2,  14, 12, 3,  5,  11, 10, 5,  14, 2,  7,  12,
-                                      ],[
-                                         7,  13, 13, 8,  14, 11, 3,  5,  0,  6,  6,  15, 9,  0,  10, 3,
-                                         1,  4,  2,  7,  8,  2,  5,  12, 11, 1,  12, 10, 4,  14, 15, 9,
-                                         10, 3,  6,  15, 9,  0,  0,  6,  12, 10, 11, 1,  7,  13, 13, 8,
-                                         15, 9,  1,  4,  3,  5,  14, 11, 5,  12, 2,  7,  8,  2,  4,  14,
-                                      ],[
-                                         2,  14, 12, 11, 4,  2,  1,  12, 7,  4,  10, 7,  11, 13, 6,  1,
-                                         8,  5,  5,  0,  3,  15, 15, 10, 13, 3,  0,  9,  14, 8,  9,  6,
-                                         4,  11, 2,  8,  1,  12, 11, 7,  10, 1,  13, 14, 7,  2,  8,  13,
-                                         15, 6,  9,  15, 12, 0,  5,  9,  6,  10, 3,  4,  0,  5,  14, 3,
-                                      ],[
-                                         12, 10, 1,  15, 10, 4,  15, 2,  9,  7,  2,  12, 6,  9,  8,  5,
-                                         0,  6,  13, 1,  3,  13, 4,  14, 14, 0,  7,  11, 5,  3,  11, 8,
-                                         9,  4,  14, 3,  15, 2,  5,  12, 2,  9,  8,  5,  12, 15, 3,  10,
-                                         7,  11, 0,  14, 4,  1,  10, 7,  1,  6,  13, 0,  11, 8,  6,  13,
-                                      ],[
-                                         4,  13, 11, 0,  2,  11, 14, 7,  15, 4,  0,  9,  8,  1,  13, 10,
-                                         3,  14, 12, 3,  9,  5,  7,  12, 5,  2,  10, 15, 6,  8,  1,  6,
-                                         1,  6,  4,  11, 11, 13, 13, 8,  12, 1,  3,  4,  7,  10, 14, 7,
-                                         10, 9,  15, 5,  6,  0,  8,  15, 0,  14, 5,  2,  9,  3,  2,  12,
-                                      ],[
-                                         13, 1,  2,  15, 8,  13, 4,  8,  6,  10, 15, 3,  11, 7,  1,  4,
-                                         10, 12, 9,  5,  3,  6,  14, 11, 5,  0,  0,  14, 12, 9,  7,  2,
-                                         7,  2,  11, 1,  4,  14, 1,  7,  9,  4,  12, 10, 14, 8,  2,  13,
-                                         0,  15, 6,  12, 10, 9,  13, 0,  15, 3,  3,  5,  5,  6,  8,  11,
-                                      ]];
-
-/**
- * Data Encryption Standard.
- *
- * Params:
- *     L = Number of keys.
- */
-class DES(ushort L = 1) : BlockCipher
-    if (L == 1)
-{
-    mixin FixedBlockSize!8;
-    mixin KeyLength!8;
-
-    private enum expansionBlockSize = 6;
-    private enum pc1KeyLength = 7;
-    private enum subkeyLength = 6;
-    private ubyte[] key_;
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *     key = Key.
-     */
-    @property void key(ubyte[] key) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(key.length >= minKeyLength);
-        assert(key.length <= maxKeyLength);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        key_ = key;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Encrypts a block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *    plain  = Plain text, input.
-     *    cipher = Cipher text, output.
-     */
-    void encrypt(in ubyte[] plain, ubyte[] cipher)
-    nothrow
-    in
-    {
-        assert(plain.length == blockSize);
-        assert(cipher.length == blockSize);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        operateBlock!(Direction.encryption)(plain, cipher);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Decrypts a block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *    cipher = Cipher text, input.
-     *    plain  = Plain text, output.
-     */
-    void decrypt(in ubyte[] cipher, ubyte[] plain)
-    nothrow
-    in
-    {
-        assert(plain.length == blockSize);
-        assert(cipher.length == blockSize);
-    }
-    body
-    {
-        operateBlock!(Direction.decryption)(cipher, plain);
-    }
-
-    private void operateBlock(Direction D)(in ubyte[] source, ref ubyte[] target)
-    {
-        ubyte[blockSize_] ipBlock;
-        ubyte[expansionBlockSize] expansionBlock;
-        ubyte[4] substitutionBlock;
-        ubyte[4] pBoxTarget;
-        ubyte[pc1KeyLength] pc1Key;
-        ubyte[subkeyLength] subkey;
-
-        // Initial permutation
-        permute(source, ipBlock, ipTable, blockSize);
-
-        // Key schedule computation
-        permute(key_, pc1Key, pc1Table, pc1KeyLength);
-
-        // Feistel function
-        for (ubyte round; round < 16; ++round)
-        {
-            auto bitVector = BitVector(expansionBlock);
-            /* Expansion. This permutation only looks at the first 4 bytes (32
-               bits of ipBlock); 16 of these are repeated in expansion table.*/
-            permute(BitVector(ipBlock[4..$]), bitVector, expansionTable, 6);
-
-            // Key mixing
-            static if (D == Direction.encryption)
-            {
-                rotateLeft(pc1Key);
-                if (!(round <= 1 || round == 8 || round == 15))
-                {
-                    // Rotate twice.
-                    rotateLeft(pc1Key);
-                }
-            }
-            permute(pc1Key, subkey, pc2Table, subkeyLength);
-            static if (D == Direction.decryption)
-            {
-                rotateRight(pc1Key);
-                if (!(round >= 14 || round == 7 || round == 0))
-                {
-                    // Rotate twice.
-                    rotateRight(pc1Key);
-                }
-            }
-
-            bitVector ^= subkey;
-
-            // Substitution; copy from updated expansion block to ciphertext block
-            substitutionBlock[0] = cast(ubyte) (sBox[0][(expansionBlock[0] & 0xfc ) >> 2] << 4);
-            substitutionBlock[0] |= sBox[1][(expansionBlock[0] & 0x03) << 4 | (expansionBlock[1] & 0xf0) >> 4];
-            substitutionBlock[1] = cast(ubyte) (sBox[2][(expansionBlock[1] & 0x0f) << 2 | (expansionBlock[2] & 0xc0) >> 6] << 4);
-            substitutionBlock[1] |= sBox[3][(expansionBlock[2] & 0x3f)];
-            substitutionBlock[2] = cast(ubyte) (sBox[4][(expansionBlock[3] & 0xfc) >> 2 ] << 4);
-            substitutionBlock[2] |= sBox[5][(expansionBlock[3] & 0x03) << 4 | (expansionBlock[4] & 0xf0) >> 4];
-            substitutionBlock[3] = cast(ubyte) (sBox[6][(expansionBlock[4] & 0x0F) << 2 | (expansionBlock[5] & 0xc0) >> 6] << 4);
-            substitutionBlock[3] |= sBox[7][(expansionBlock[5] & 0x3f)];
-
-            // Permutation
-            bitVector = BitVector(substitutionBlock);
-            permute(bitVector, pBoxTarget, pTable, blockSize / 2);
-
-            // Swap the halves.
-            substitutionBlock = ipBlock[0..4];
-            ipBlock[0..4] = ipBlock[4..$];
-
-            bitVector ^= pBoxTarget;
-            ipBlock[4..$] = substitutionBlock;
-        }
-
-        substitutionBlock = ipBlock[0..4];
-        ipBlock[0..4] = ipBlock[4..$];
-        ipBlock[4..$] = substitutionBlock;
-
-        // Final permutaion (undo initial permuation).
-        permute(ipBlock, target, fpTable, blockSize);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Performs the left rotation operation on the key.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     key = The key to rotate.
-     */
-    private void rotateLeft(ref ubyte[7] key) const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        immutable carryLeft = (key[0] & 0x80) >> 3;
-
-        key[0] = cast(ubyte) ((key[0] << 1) | ((key[1] & 0x80) >> 7));
-        key[1] = cast(ubyte) ((key[1] << 1) | ((key[2] & 0x80) >> 7));
-        key[2] = cast(ubyte) ((key[2] << 1) | ((key[3] & 0x80) >> 7));
-
-        immutable carryRight = (key[3] & 0x08) >> 3;
-        key[3] = cast(ubyte) ((((key[3] << 1) | ((key[4] & 0x80) >> 7)) & ~0x10) | carryLeft);
-
-        key[4] = cast(ubyte) ((key[4] << 1) | ((key[5] & 0x80) >> 7));
-        key[5] = cast(ubyte) ((key[5] << 1) | ((key[6] & 0x80) >> 7));
-        key[6] = cast(ubyte) ((key[6] << 1) | carryRight);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Performs the right rotation operation on the key.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *     key = The key to rotate.
-     */
-    private void rotateRight(ref ubyte[7] key) const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        immutable carryRight = (key[6] & 0x01) << 3;
-
-        key[6] = cast(ubyte) ((key[6] >> 1) | ((key[5] & 0x01) << 7));
-        key[5] = cast(ubyte) ((key[5] >> 1) | ((key[4] & 0x01) << 7));
-        key[4] = cast(ubyte) ((key[4] >> 1) | ((key[3] & 0x01) << 7));
-
-        immutable carryLeft = (key[3] & 0x10) << 3;
-        key[3] = cast(ubyte) ((((key[3] >> 1) | ((key[2] & 0x01) << 7)) & ~0x08) | carryRight);
-
-        key[2] = cast(ubyte) ((key[2] >> 1) | ((key[1] & 0x01) << 7));
-        key[1] = cast(ubyte) ((key[1] >> 1) | ((key[0] & 0x01) << 7));
-        key[0] = cast(ubyte) ((key[0] >> 1) | carryLeft);
-    }
-
-    private void permute(in ubyte[] source, ubyte[] target, immutable(ubyte[]) permuteTable, size_t length)
-    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        const sourceVector = const BitVector(source);
-        auto targetVector = BitVector(target);
-
-        permute(sourceVector, targetVector, permuteTable, length);
-    }
-
-    private void permute(in BitVector source, ubyte[] target, immutable(ubyte[]) permuteTable, size_t length)
-    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        auto targetVector = BitVector(target);
-
-        permute(source, targetVector, permuteTable, length);
-    }
-
-    private void permute(in BitVector source, ref BitVector target, immutable(ubyte[]) permuteTable, size_t length)
-    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        for (uint i; i < length * 8; ++i)
-        {
-            target[i] = source[permuteTable[i] - 1];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-version (unittest)
-{
-    import std.typecons;
-
-    /* Test vectors for DES. Source:
-       "Validating the Correctness of Hardware 
-       Implementations of the NBS Data Encryption Standard"
-       NBS Special Publication 500-20, 1980. Appendix B */
-
-    // Initial and reverse Permutation and Expansion tests. Encrypt.
-    ubyte[8][64] desTestVectors1 = [
-        [0x95, 0xf8, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xdd, 0x31, 0xd9, 0x00],
-        [0xdd, 0x7f, 0x12, 0x1c, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x56, 0x19],
-        [0x2e, 0x86, 0x53, 0x10, 0x4f, 0x38, 0x34, 0xea],
-        [0x4b, 0xd3, 0x88, 0xff, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0x1d, 0x4f],
-        [0x20, 0xb9, 0xe7, 0x67, 0xb2, 0xfb, 0x14, 0x56],
-        [0x55, 0x57, 0x93, 0x80, 0xd7, 0x71, 0x38, 0xef],
-        [0x6c, 0xc5, 0xde, 0xfa, 0xaf, 0x04, 0x51, 0x2f],
-        [0x0d, 0x9f, 0x27, 0x9b, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0x72, 0x60],
-        [0xd9, 0x03, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x71, 0xbd, 0x5a, 0x0a],
-        [0x42, 0x42, 0x50, 0xb3, 0x7c, 0x3d, 0xd9, 0x51],
-        [0xb8, 0x06, 0x1b, 0x7e, 0xcd, 0x9a, 0x21, 0xe5],
-        [0xf1, 0x5d, 0x0f, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x65, 0xbd, 0x28],
-        [0xad, 0xd0, 0xcc, 0x8d, 0x6e, 0x5d, 0xeb, 0xa1],
-        [0xe6, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0x27, 0x52, 0xad, 0x63, 0xd1],
-        [0xec, 0xbf, 0xe3, 0xbd, 0x3f, 0x59, 0x1a, 0x5e],
-        [0xf3, 0x56, 0x83, 0x43, 0x79, 0xd1, 0x65, 0xcd],
-        [0x2b, 0x9f, 0x98, 0x2f, 0x20, 0x03, 0x7f, 0xa9],
-        [0x88, 0x9d, 0xe0, 0x68, 0xa1, 0x6f, 0x0b, 0xe6],
-        [0xe1, 0x9e, 0x27, 0x5d, 0x84, 0x6a, 0x12, 0x98],
-        [0x32, 0x9a, 0x8e, 0xd5, 0x23, 0xd7, 0x1a, 0xec],
-        [0xe7, 0xfc, 0xe2, 0x25, 0x57, 0xd2, 0x3c, 0x97],
-        [0x12, 0xa9, 0xf5, 0x81, 0x7f, 0xf2, 0xd6, 0x5d],
-        [0xa4, 0x84, 0xc3, 0xad, 0x38, 0xdc, 0x9c, 0x19],
-        [0xfb, 0xe0, 0x0a, 0x8a, 0x1e, 0xf8, 0xad, 0x72],
-        [0x75, 0x0d, 0x07, 0x94, 0x07, 0x52, 0x13, 0x63],
-        [0x64, 0xfe, 0xed, 0x9c, 0x72, 0x4c, 0x2f, 0xaf],
-        [0xf0, 0x2b, 0x26, 0x3b, 0x32, 0x8e, 0x2b, 0x60],
-        [0x9d, 0x64, 0x55, 0x5a, 0x9a, 0x10, 0xb8, 0x52],
-        [0xd1, 0x06, 0xff, 0x0b, 0xed, 0x52, 0x55, 0xd7],
-        [0xe1, 0x65, 0x2c, 0x6b, 0x13, 0x8c, 0x64, 0xa5],
-        [0xe4, 0x28, 0x58, 0x11, 0x86, 0xec, 0x8f, 0x46],
-        [0xae, 0xb5, 0xf5, 0xed, 0xe2, 0x2d, 0x1a, 0x36],
-        [0xe9, 0x43, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x8a, 0xec, 0x0c, 0x5c],
-        [0xdf, 0x98, 0xc8, 0x27, 0x6f, 0x54, 0xb0, 0x4b],
-        [0xb1, 0x60, 0xe4, 0x68, 0x0f, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x6f],
-        [0xfa, 0x07, 0x52, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0x9c, 0x4a, 0xb8],
-        [0xca, 0x3a, 0x2b, 0x03, 0x6d, 0xbc, 0x85, 0x02],
-        [0x5e, 0x09, 0x05, 0x51, 0x7b, 0xb5, 0x9b, 0xcf],
-        [0x81, 0x4e, 0xeb, 0x3b, 0x91, 0xd9, 0x07, 0x26],
-        [0x4d, 0x49, 0xdb, 0x15, 0x32, 0x91, 0x9c, 0x9f],
-        [0x25, 0xeb, 0x5f, 0xc3, 0xf8, 0xcf, 0x06, 0x21],
-        [0xab, 0x6a, 0x20, 0xc0, 0x62, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x6f],
-        [0x79, 0xe9, 0x0d, 0xbc, 0x98, 0xf9, 0x2c, 0xca],
-        [0x86, 0x6e, 0xce, 0xdd, 0x80, 0x72, 0xbb, 0x0e],
-        [0x8b, 0x54, 0x53, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x3e, 0x64, 0xa8],
-        [0xea, 0x51, 0xd3, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0xb8, 0x6b],
-        [0xca, 0xff, 0xc6, 0xac, 0x45, 0x42, 0xde, 0x31],
-        [0x8d, 0xd4, 0x5a, 0x2d, 0xdf, 0x90, 0x79, 0x6c],
-        [0x10, 0x29, 0xd5, 0x5e, 0x88, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0xd0],
-        [0x5d, 0x86, 0xcb, 0x23, 0x63, 0x9d, 0xbe, 0xa9],
-        [0x1d, 0x1c, 0xa8, 0x53, 0xae, 0x7c, 0x0c, 0x5f],
-        [0xce, 0x33, 0x23, 0x29, 0x24, 0x8f, 0x32, 0x28],
-        [0x84, 0x05, 0xd1, 0xab, 0xe2, 0x4f, 0xb9, 0x42],
-        [0xe6, 0x43, 0xd7, 0x80, 0x90, 0xca, 0x42, 0x07],
-        [0x48, 0x22, 0x1b, 0x99, 0x37, 0x74, 0x8a, 0x23],
-        [0xdd, 0x7c, 0x0b, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xfa, 0xfd, 0x54],
-        [0x2f, 0xbc, 0x29, 0x1a, 0x57, 0x0d, 0xb5, 0xc4],
-        [0xe0, 0x7c, 0x30, 0xd7, 0xe4, 0xe2, 0x6e, 0x12],
-        [0x09, 0x53, 0xe2, 0x25, 0x8e, 0x8e, 0x90, 0xa1],
-        [0x5b, 0x71, 0x1b, 0xc4, 0xce, 0xeb, 0xf2, 0xee],
-        [0xcc, 0x08, 0x3f, 0x1e, 0x6d, 0x9e, 0x85, 0xf6],
-        [0xd2, 0xfd, 0x88, 0x67, 0xd5, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xfe],
-        [0x06, 0xe7, 0xea, 0x22, 0xce, 0x92, 0x70, 0x8f],
-        [0x16, 0x6b, 0x40, 0xb4, 0x4a, 0xba, 0x4b, 0xd6],
-    ];
-
-    // Key Permutation test. Encrypt.
-    // Test of right-shifts. Decrypt.
-    ubyte[8][56] desTestVectors2 = [
-        [0x95, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0x28, 0x13, 0xda, 0xa9, 0x4d],
-        [0x0e, 0xec, 0x14, 0x87, 0xdd, 0x8c, 0x26, 0xd5],
-        [0x7a, 0xd1, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0x79, 0xc4, 0x59, 0x26],
-        [0xd3, 0x74, 0x62, 0x94, 0xca, 0x6a, 0x6c, 0xf3],
-        [0x80, 0x9f, 0x5f, 0x87, 0x3c, 0x1f, 0xd7, 0x61],
-        [0xc0, 0x2f, 0xaf, 0xfe, 0xc9, 0x89, 0xd1, 0xfc],
-        [0x46, 0x15, 0xaa, 0x1d, 0x33, 0xe7, 0x2f, 0x10],
-        [0x20, 0x55, 0x12, 0x33, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x08, 0x58],
-        [0xdf, 0x3b, 0x99, 0xd6, 0x57, 0x73, 0x97, 0xc8],
-        [0x31, 0xfe, 0x17, 0x36, 0x9b, 0x52, 0x88, 0xc9],
-        [0xdf, 0xdd, 0x3c, 0xc6, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x16, 0x42],
-        [0x17, 0x8c, 0x83, 0xce, 0x2b, 0x39, 0x9d, 0x94],
-        [0x50, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x32, 0x4a, 0x9b, 0x7f, 0x80],
-        [0xa8, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xe3, 0xbc, 0x18, 0xf0, 0x6d],
-        [0xa2, 0xdc, 0x9e, 0x92, 0xfd, 0x3c, 0xde, 0x92],
-        [0xca, 0xc0, 0x9f, 0x79, 0x7d, 0x03, 0x12, 0x87],
-        [0x90, 0xba, 0x68, 0x0b, 0x22, 0xae, 0xb5, 0x25],
-        [0xce, 0x7a, 0x24, 0xf3, 0x50, 0xe2, 0x80, 0xb6],
-        [0x88, 0x2b, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xa0, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0x87],
-        [0x25, 0x61, 0x02, 0x88, 0x92, 0x45, 0x11, 0xc2],
-        [0xc7, 0x15, 0x16, 0xc2, 0x9c, 0x75, 0xd1, 0x70],
-        [0x51, 0x99, 0xc2, 0x9a, 0x52, 0xc9, 0xf0, 0x59],
-        [0xc2, 0x2f, 0x0a, 0x29, 0x4a, 0x71, 0xf2, 0x9f],
-        [0xee, 0x37, 0x14, 0x83, 0x71, 0x4c, 0x02, 0xea],
-        [0xa8, 0x1f, 0xbd, 0x44, 0x8f, 0x9e, 0x52, 0x2f],
-        [0x4f, 0x64, 0x4c, 0x92, 0xe1, 0x92, 0xdf, 0xed],
-        [0x1a, 0xfa, 0x9a, 0x66, 0xa6, 0xdf, 0x92, 0xae],
-        [0xb3, 0xc1, 0xcc, 0x71, 0x5c, 0xb8, 0x79, 0xd8],
-        [0x19, 0xd0, 0x32, 0xe6, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xbd, 0x8b],
-        [0x3c, 0xfa, 0xa7, 0xa7, 0xdc, 0x87, 0x20, 0xdc],
-        [0xb7, 0x26, 0x5f, 0x7f, 0x44, 0x7a, 0xc6, 0xf3],
-        [0x9d, 0xb7, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x0d, 0x16, 0x3f, 0x54],
-        [0x81, 0x81, 0xb6, 0x5b, 0xab, 0xf4, 0xa9, 0x75],
-        [0x93, 0xc9, 0xb6, 0x40, 0x42, 0xea, 0xa2, 0x40],
-        [0x55, 0x70, 0x53, 0x08, 0x29, 0x70, 0x55, 0x92],
-        [0x86, 0x38, 0x80, 0x9e, 0x87, 0x87, 0x87, 0xa0],
-        [0x41, 0xb9, 0xa7, 0x9a, 0xf7, 0x9a, 0xc2, 0x08],
-        [0x7a, 0x9b, 0xe4, 0x2f, 0x20, 0x09, 0xa8, 0x92],
-        [0x29, 0x03, 0x8d, 0x56, 0xba, 0x6d, 0x27, 0x45],
-        [0x54, 0x95, 0xc6, 0xab, 0xf1, 0xe5, 0xdf, 0x51],
-        [0xae, 0x13, 0xdb, 0xd5, 0x61, 0x48, 0x89, 0x33],
-        [0x02, 0x4d, 0x1f, 0xfa, 0x89, 0x04, 0xe3, 0x89],
-        [0xd1, 0x39, 0x97, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x9b, 0xf0, 0x2e],
-        [0x14, 0xc1, 0xd7, 0xc1, 0xcf, 0xfe, 0xc7, 0x9e],
-        [0x1d, 0xe5, 0x27, 0x9d, 0xae, 0x3b, 0xed, 0x6f],
-        [0xe9, 0x41, 0xa3, 0x3f, 0x85, 0x50, 0x13, 0x03],
-        [0xda, 0x99, 0xdb, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x03, 0xf3, 0x79],
-        [0xb7, 0xfc, 0x92, 0xf9, 0x1d, 0x8e, 0x92, 0xe9],
-        [0xae, 0x8e, 0x5c, 0xaa, 0x3c, 0xa0, 0x4e, 0x85],
-        [0x9c, 0xc6, 0x2d, 0xf4, 0x3b, 0x6e, 0xed, 0x74],
-        [0xd8, 0x63, 0xdb, 0xb5, 0xc5, 0x9a, 0x91, 0xa0],
-        [0xa1, 0xab, 0x21, 0x90, 0x54, 0x5b, 0x91, 0xd7],
-        [0x08, 0x75, 0x04, 0x1e, 0x64, 0xc5, 0x70, 0xf7],
-        [0x5a, 0x59, 0x45, 0x28, 0xbe, 0xbe, 0xf1, 0xcc],
-        [0xfc, 0xdb, 0x32, 0x91, 0xde, 0x21, 0xf0, 0xc0],
-        [0x86, 0x9e, 0xfd, 0x7f, 0x9f, 0x26, 0x5a, 0x09],
-    ];
-
-    // Data permutation test. Encrypt.
-    ubyte[8][2][32] desTestVectors3 = [
-        [[0x10, 0x46, 0x91, 0x34, 0x89, 0x98, 0x01, 0x31], [0x88, 0xd5, 0x5e, 0x54, 0xf5, 0x4c, 0x97, 0xb4]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x10, 0x34, 0x89, 0x98, 0x80, 0x20], [0x0c, 0x0c, 0xc0, 0x0c, 0x83, 0xea, 0x48, 0xfd]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x10, 0x34, 0xc8, 0x98, 0x01, 0x20], [0x83, 0xbc, 0x8e, 0xf3, 0xa6, 0x57, 0x01, 0x83]],
-        [[0x10, 0x46, 0x10, 0x34, 0x89, 0x98, 0x80, 0x20], [0xdf, 0x72, 0x5d, 0xca, 0xd9, 0x4e, 0xa2, 0xe9]],
-        [[0x10, 0x86, 0x91, 0x15, 0x19, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0xe6, 0x52, 0xb5, 0x3b, 0x55, 0x0b, 0xe8, 0xb0]],
-        [[0x10, 0x86, 0x91, 0x15, 0x19, 0x58, 0x01, 0x01], [0xaf, 0x52, 0x71, 0x20, 0xc4, 0x85, 0xcb, 0xb0]],
-        [[0x51, 0x07, 0xb0, 0x15, 0x19, 0x58, 0x01, 0x01], [0x0f, 0x04, 0xce, 0x39, 0x3d, 0xb9, 0x26, 0xd5]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0xb0, 0x15, 0x19, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0xc9, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x74, 0x07, 0x90, 0x67]],
-        [[0x31, 0x07, 0x91, 0x54, 0x98, 0x08, 0x01, 0x01], [0x7c, 0xfd, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x93, 0x25, 0x2b, 0x4e]],
-        [[0x31, 0x07, 0x91, 0x94, 0x98, 0x08, 0x01, 0x01], [0xcb, 0x49, 0xa2, 0xf9, 0xe9, 0x13, 0x63, 0xe3]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x91, 0x15, 0xb9, 0x08, 0x01, 0x40], [0x00, 0xb5, 0x88, 0xbe, 0x70, 0xd2, 0x3f, 0x56]],
-        [[0x31, 0x07, 0x91, 0x15, 0x98, 0x08, 0x01, 0x40], [0x40, 0x6a, 0x9a, 0x6a, 0xb4, 0x33, 0x99, 0xae]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x15, 0x89, 0x98, 0x01, 0x01], [0x6c, 0xb7, 0x73, 0x61, 0x1d, 0xca, 0x9a, 0xda]],
-        [[0x91, 0x07, 0x91, 0x15, 0x89, 0x98, 0x01, 0x01], [0x67, 0xfd, 0x21, 0xc1, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x5d, 0x70]],
-        [[0x91, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x15, 0x89, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0x95, 0x92, 0xcb, 0x41, 0x10, 0x43, 0x07, 0x87]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x15, 0x98, 0x98, 0x01, 0x20], [0xa6, 0xb7, 0xff, 0x68, 0xa3, 0x18, 0xdd, 0xd3]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x94, 0x04, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0x4d, 0x10, 0x21, 0x96, 0xc9, 0x14, 0xca, 0x16]],
-        [[0x01, 0x07, 0x91, 0x04, 0x91, 0x19, 0x04, 0x01], [0x2d, 0xfa, 0x9f, 0x45, 0x73, 0x59, 0x49, 0x65]],
-        [[0x01, 0x07, 0x91, 0x04, 0x91, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0xb4, 0x66, 0x04, 0x81, 0x6c, 0x0e, 0x07, 0x74]],
-        [[0x01, 0x07, 0x94, 0x04, 0x91, 0x19, 0x04, 0x01], [0x6e, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x21, 0xa4, 0xf3, 0x4e, 0x87]],
-        [[0x19, 0x07, 0x92, 0x10, 0x98, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x01], [0xaa, 0x85, 0xe7, 0x46, 0x43, 0x23, 0x31, 0x99]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x91, 0x19, 0x98, 0x19, 0x08, 0x01], [0x2e, 0x5a, 0x19, 0xdb, 0x4d, 0x19, 0x62, 0xd6]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x91, 0x19, 0x98, 0x1a, 0x08, 0x01], [0x23, 0xa8, 0x66, 0xa8, 0x09, 0xd3, 0x08, 0x94]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x92, 0x10, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0xd8, 0x12, 0xd9, 0x61, 0xf0, 0x17, 0xd3, 0x20]],
-        [[0x10, 0x07, 0x91, 0x15, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x0b], [0x05, 0x56, 0x05, 0x81, 0x6e, 0x58, 0x60, 0x8f]],
-        [[0x10, 0x04, 0x80, 0x15, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x01], [0xab, 0xd8, 0x8e, 0x8b, 0x1b, 0x77, 0x16, 0xf1]],
-        [[0x10, 0x04, 0x80, 0x15, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x02], [0x53, 0x7a, 0xc9, 0x5b, 0xe6, 0x9d, 0xa1, 0xe1]],
-        [[0x10, 0x04, 0x80, 0x15, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x08], [0xae, 0xd0, 0xf6, 0xae, 0x3c, 0x25, 0xcd, 0xd8]],
-        [[0x10, 0x02, 0x91, 0x14, 0x98, 0x10, 0x01, 0x04], [0xb3, 0xe3, 0x5a, 0x5e, 0xe5, 0x3e, 0x7b, 0x8d]],
-        [[0x10, 0x02, 0x91, 0x15, 0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x04], [0x61, 0xc7, 0x9c, 0x71, 0x92, 0x1a, 0x2e, 0xf8]],
-        [[0x10, 0x02, 0x91, 0x15, 0x98, 0x10, 0x02, 0x01], [0xe2, 0xf5, 0x72, 0x8f, 0x09, 0x95, 0x01, 0x3c]],
-        [[0x10, 0x02, 0x91, 0x16, 0x98, 0x10, 0x01, 0x01], [0x1a, 0xea, 0xc3, 0x9a, 0x61, 0xf0, 0xa4, 0x64]],
-    ];
-
-    // S-Box test. Encrypt.
-    ubyte[8][3][19] desTestVectors4 = [
-        [[0x7c, 0xa1, 0x10, 0x45, 0x4a, 0x1a, 0x6e, 0x57], [0x01, 0xa1, 0xd6, 0xd0, 0x39, 0x77, 0x67, 0x42],
-        [0x69, 0x0f, 0x5b, 0x0d, 0x9a, 0x26, 0x93, 0x9b]],
-        [[0x01, 0x31, 0xd9, 0x61, 0x9d, 0xc1, 0x37, 0x6e], [0x5c, 0xd5, 0x4c, 0xa8, 0x3d, 0xef, 0x57, 0xda],
-        [0x7a, 0x38, 0x9d, 0x10, 0x35, 0x4b, 0xd2, 0x71]],
-        [[0x07, 0xa1, 0x13, 0x3e, 0x4a, 0x0b, 0x26, 0x86], [0x02, 0x48, 0xd4, 0x38, 0x06, 0xf6, 0x71, 0x72],
-        [0x86, 0x8e, 0xbb, 0x51, 0xca, 0xb4, 0x59, 0x9a]],
-        [[0x38, 0x49, 0x67, 0x4c, 0x26, 0x02, 0x31, 0x9e], [0x51, 0x45, 0x4b, 0x58, 0x2d, 0xdf, 0x44, 0x0a],
-        [0x71, 0x78, 0x87, 0x6e, 0x01, 0xf1, 0x9b, 0x2a]],
-        [[0x04, 0xb9, 0x15, 0xba, 0x43, 0xfe, 0xb5, 0xb6], [0x42, 0xfd, 0x44, 0x30, 0x59, 0x57, 0x7f, 0xa2],
-        [0xaf, 0x37, 0xfb, 0x42, 0x1f, 0x8c, 0x40, 0x95]],
-        [[0x01, 0x13, 0xb9, 0x70, 0xfd, 0x34, 0xf2, 0xce], [0x05, 0x9b, 0x5e, 0x08, 0x51, 0xcf, 0x14, 0x3a],
-        [0x86, 0xa5, 0x60, 0xf1, 0x0e, 0xc6, 0xd8, 0x5b]],
-        [[0x01, 0x70, 0xf1, 0x75, 0x46, 0x8f, 0xb5, 0xe6], [0x07, 0x56, 0xd8, 0xe0, 0x77, 0x47, 0x61, 0xd2],
-        [0x0c, 0xd3, 0xda, 0x02, 0x00, 0x21, 0xdc, 0x09]],
-        [[0x43, 0x29, 0x7f, 0xad, 0x38, 0xe3, 0x73, 0xfe], [0x76, 0x25, 0x14, 0xb8, 0x29, 0xbf, 0x48, 0x6a],
-        [0xea, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x2c, 0xb7, 0xdb, 0x2b, 0x7a]],
-        [[0x07, 0xa7, 0x13, 0x70, 0x45, 0xda, 0x2a, 0x16], [0x3b, 0xdd, 0x11, 0x90, 0x49, 0x37, 0x28, 0x02],
-        [0xdf, 0xd6, 0x4a, 0x81, 0x5c, 0xaf, 0x1a, 0x0f]],
-        [[0x04, 0x68, 0x91, 0x04, 0xc2, 0xfd, 0x3b, 0x2f], [0x26, 0x95, 0x5f, 0x68, 0x35, 0xaf, 0x60, 0x9a],
-        [0x5c, 0x51, 0x3c, 0x9c, 0x48, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x88]],
-        [[0x37, 0xd0, 0x6b, 0xb5, 0x16, 0xcb, 0x75, 0x46], [0x16, 0x4d, 0x5e, 0x40, 0x4f, 0x27, 0x52, 0x32],
-        [0x0a, 0x2a, 0xee, 0xae, 0x3f, 0xf4, 0xab, 0x77]],
-        [[0x1f, 0x08, 0x26, 0x0d, 0x1a, 0xc2, 0x46, 0x5e], [0x6b, 0x05, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x75, 0x9f, 0x5c, 0xca],
-        [0xef, 0x1b, 0xf0, 0x3e, 0x5d, 0xfa, 0x57, 0x5a]],
-        [[0x58, 0x40, 0x23, 0x64, 0x1a, 0xba, 0x61, 0x76], [0x00, 0x4b, 0xd6, 0xef, 0x09, 0x17, 0x60, 0x62],
-        [0x88, 0xbf, 0x0d, 0xb6, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0xee, 0x56]],
-        [[0x02, 0x58, 0x16, 0x16, 0x46, 0x29, 0xb0, 0x07], [0x48, 0x0d, 0x39, 0x00, 0x6e, 0xe7, 0x62, 0xf2],
-        [0xa1, 0xf9, 0x91, 0x55, 0x41, 0x02, 0x0b, 0x56]],
-        [[0x49, 0x79, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0x79, 0xb3, 0x25, 0x8f], [0x43, 0x75, 0x40, 0xc8, 0x69, 0x8f, 0x3c, 0xfa],
-        [0x6f, 0xbf, 0x1c, 0xaf, 0xcf, 0xfd, 0x05, 0x56]],
-        [[0x4f, 0xb0, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x15, 0xab, 0x73, 0xa7], [0x07, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xa0, 0x77, 0x07, 0x52, 0x92],
-        [0x2f, 0x22, 0xe4, 0x9b, 0xab, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0xac]],
-        [[0x49, 0xe9, 0x5d, 0x6d, 0x4c, 0xa2, 0x29, 0xbf], [0x02, 0xfe, 0x55, 0x77, 0x81, 0x17, 0xf1, 0x2a],
-        [0x5a, 0x6b, 0x61, 0x2c, 0xc2, 0x6c, 0xce, 0x4a]],
-        [[0x01, 0x83, 0x10, 0xdc, 0x40, 0x9b, 0x26, 0xd6], [0x1d, 0x9d, 0x5c, 0x50, 0x18, 0xf7, 0x28, 0xc2],
-        [0x5f, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x8e, 0xd1, 0x2b, 0x2e, 0x41]],
-        [[0x1c, 0x58, 0x7f, 0x1c, 0x13, 0x92, 0x4f, 0xef], [0x30, 0x55, 0x32, 0x28, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x29, 0x5a],
-        [0x63, 0xfa, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0x34, 0xd9, 0xf7, 0x93]],
-    ];
-}
-
-///
-unittest
-{
-    auto des = scoped!(DES!1);
-    ubyte[8] key = [0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01];
-    ubyte[8] plain = [0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
-    ubyte[8] cipher;
-
-    des.key = key;
-    foreach (ubyte i; 0..64)
-    {
-        if (i != 0)
-        {
-            plain[i / 8] = i % 8 ? plain[i / 8] >> 1 : 0x80;
-            if (i % 8 == 0)
-            {
-                plain[i / 8 - 1] = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        // Initial Permutation and Expansion test.
-        des.encrypt(plain, cipher);
-        assert(cipher == desTestVectors1[i]);
-
-        // Inverse Permutation and Expansion test.
-        des.encrypt(cipher, cipher);
-        assert(cipher == plain);
-    }
-
-    plain[0..$] = 0;
-    foreach (ubyte i; 0..56)
-    {
-        key[i / 7] = i % 7 ? key[i / 7] >> 1 : 0x80;
-        if (i % 7 == 0 && i != 0)
-        {
-            key[i / 7 - 1] = 0x01;
-        }
-        des.key = key;
-
-        // Initial Permutation and Expansion test.
-        des.encrypt(plain, cipher);
-        assert(cipher == desTestVectors2[i]);
-
-        // Test of right-shifts in Decryption.
-        des.decrypt(desTestVectors2[i], cipher);
-        assert(cipher == plain);
-    }
-
-    // Data permutation test.
-    plain[0..$] = 0;
-    foreach (i; desTestVectors3)
-    {
-        des.key = i[0];
-        des.encrypt(plain, cipher);
-        assert(cipher == i[1]);
-    }
-
-    // S-Box test.
-    foreach (i; desTestVectors4)
-    {
-        des.key = i[0];
-        des.encrypt(i[1], cipher);
-        assert(cipher == i[2]);
-    }
-}

source/tanya/crypto/mode.d

@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Block cipher modes of operation.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.crypto.mode;
-
-import tanya.memory;
-import std.algorithm.iteration;
-import std.typecons;
-
-/**
- * Supported padding mode.
- *
- * See_Also:
- * 	$(D_PSYMBOL pad)
- */
-enum PaddingMode
-{
-	zero,
-	pkcs7,
-	ansiX923,
-}
-
-/**
- * Params:
- * 	input     = Sequence that should be padded.
- * 	mode      = Padding mode.
- * 	blockSize = Block size.
- * 	allocator = Allocator was used to allocate $(D_PARAM input).
- *
- * Returns: The function modifies the initial array and returns it.
- *
- * See_Also:
- * 	$(D_PSYMBOL PaddingMode)
- */
-ubyte[] pad(ref ubyte[] input,
-            in PaddingMode mode,
-            in ushort blockSize,
-            shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
-in
-{
-	assert(blockSize > 0 && blockSize <= 256);
-	assert(blockSize % 64 == 0);
-	assert(input.length > 0);
-}
-body
-{
-	immutable rest = cast(ubyte) input.length % blockSize;
-	immutable size_t lastBlock = input.length - (rest > 0 ? rest : blockSize);
-	immutable needed = cast(ubyte) (rest > 0 ? blockSize - rest : 0);
-
-	final switch (mode) with (PaddingMode)
-	{
-		case zero:
-			allocator.resizeArray(input, input.length + needed);
-			break;
-		case pkcs7:
-			if (needed)
-			{
-				allocator.resizeArray(input, input.length + needed);
-				input[input.length - needed ..$].each!((ref e) => e = needed);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				allocator.resizeArray(input, input.length + blockSize);
-			}
-			break;
-		case ansiX923:
-			allocator.resizeArray(input, input.length + (needed ? needed : blockSize));
-			input[$ - 1] = needed;
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return input;
-}
-
-///
-unittest
-{
-	{ // Zeros
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.zero, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 64);
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.zero, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 64);
-		assert(input[63] == 0);
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-	}
-	{ // PKCS#7
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 40; ++i)
-		{
-			input[i] = i;
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 64);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 64; ++i)
-		{
-			if (i >= 40 && i < 50)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 0);
-			}
-			else if (i >= 50)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 14);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == i);
-			}
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 128);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 128; ++i)
-		{
-			if (i >= 64 || (i >= 40 && i < 50))
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 0);
-			}
-			else if (i >= 50 && i < 64)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 14);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == i);
-			}
-		}
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-	}
-	{ // ANSI X.923
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 40; ++i)
-		{
-			input[i] = i;
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.ansiX923, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 64);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 64; ++i)
-		{
-			if (i < 40)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == i);
-			}
-			else if (i == 63)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 14);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 0);
-			}
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		assert(input.length == 128);
-		for (ubyte i = 0; i < 128; ++i)
-		{
-			if (i < 40)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == i);
-			}
-			else if (i == 63)
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 14);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				assert(input[i] == 0);
-			}
-		}
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * Params:
- * 	input     = Sequence that should be padded.
- * 	mode      = Padding mode.
- * 	blockSize = Block size.
- * 	allocator = Allocator was used to allocate $(D_PARAM input).
- *
- * Returns: The function modifies the initial array and returns it.
- *
- * See_Also:
- * 	$(D_PSYMBOL pad)
- */
-ref ubyte[] unpad(ref ubyte[] input,
-                  in PaddingMode mode,
-                  in ushort blockSize,
-                  shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
-in
-{
-	assert(input.length != 0);
-	assert(input.length % 64 == 0);
-}
-body
-{
-	final switch (mode) with (PaddingMode)
-	{
-		case zero:
-			break;
-		case pkcs7:
-		case ansiX923:
-			immutable last = input[$ - 1];
-
-			allocator.resizeArray(input, input.length - (last ? last : blockSize));
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return input;
-}
-
-///
-unittest
-{
-	{ // Zeros
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		auto inputDup = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.zero, 64);
-		pad(inputDup, PaddingMode.zero, 64);
-
-		unpad(input, PaddingMode.zero, 64);
-		assert(input == inputDup);
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(inputDup);
-
-	}
-	{ // PKCS#7
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		auto inputDup = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 40; ++i)
-		{
-			input[i] = i;
-			inputDup[i] = i;
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		unpad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		assert(input == inputDup);
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(inputDup);
-	}
-	{ // ANSI X.923
-		auto input = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		auto inputDup = defaultAllocator.makeArray!ubyte(50);
-		for (ubyte i; i < 40; ++i)
-		{
-			input[i] = i;
-			inputDup[i] = i;
-		}
-
-		pad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		unpad(input, PaddingMode.pkcs7, 64);
-		assert(input == inputDup);
-
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(input);
-		defaultAllocator.dispose(inputDup);
-	}
-}

source/tanya/crypto/package.d

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.crypto;
-
-public import tanya.crypto.bit;
-public import tanya.crypto.des;
-public import tanya.crypto.mode;
-public import tanya.crypto.symmetric;

source/tanya/crypto/symmetric.d

@@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Interfaces for implementing secret key algorithms.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.crypto.symmetric;
-
-/**
- * Implemented by secret key algorithms.
- */
-interface SymmetricCipher
-{
-    /**
-     * Returns: Key length.
-     */
-    @property inout(uint) keyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Minimum key length.
-     */
-    @property inout(uint) minKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Maximum key length.
-     */
-    @property inout(uint) maxKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /// Cipher direction.
-    protected enum Direction : ushort
-    {
-        encryption,
-        decryption,
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Params:
-     *     key = Key.
-     */
-    @property void key(ubyte[] key) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    in
-    {
-        assert(key.length >= minKeyLength);
-        assert(key.length <= maxKeyLength);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Implemented by block ciphers.
- */
-interface BlockCipher : SymmetricCipher
-{
-    /**
-     * Returns: Block size.
-     */
-    @property inout(uint) blockSize() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-
-    /**
-     * Encrypts a block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *    plain  = Plain text, input.
-     *    cipher = Cipher text, output.
-     */
-    void encrypt(in ubyte[] plain, ubyte[] cipher)
-    in
-    {
-        assert(plain.length == blockSize);
-        assert(cipher.length == blockSize);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Decrypts a block.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *    cipher = Cipher text, input.
-     *    plain  = Plain text, output.
-     */
-    void decrypt(in ubyte[] cipher, ubyte[] plain)
-    in
-    {
-        assert(plain.length == blockSize);
-        assert(cipher.length == blockSize);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Mixed in by algorithms with fixed block size.
- *
- * Params:
- *     N = Block size.
- */
-mixin template FixedBlockSize(uint N)
-    if (N != 0)
-{
-    private enum uint blockSize_ = N;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns: Fixed block size.
-     */
-    final @property inout(uint) blockSize() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-    {
-        return blockSize_;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Mixed in by symmetric algorithms.
- * If $(D_PARAM Min) equals $(D_PARAM Max) fixed key length is assumed.
- *
- * Params:
- *     Min = Minimum key length.
- *     Max = Maximum key length.
- */
-mixin template KeyLength(uint Min, uint Max = Min)
-    if (Min != 0 && Max != 0)
-{
-    static if (Min == Max)
-    {
-        private enum uint keyLength_ = Min;
-
-        /**
-         * Returns: Key length.
-         */
-        final @property inout(uint) keyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return keyLength_;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Returns: Minimum key length.
-         */
-        final @property inout(uint) minKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return keyLength_;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Returns: Maximum key length.
-         */
-        final @property inout(uint) maxKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return keyLength_;
-        }
-    }
-    else static if (Min < Max)
-    {
-        private enum uint minKeyLength_ = Min;
-        private enum uint maxKeyLength_ = Max;
-
-        /**
-         * Returns: Minimum key length.
-         */
-        final @property inout(uint) minKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return minKeyLength_;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Returns: Maximum key length.
-         */
-        final @property inout(uint) maxKeyLength() inout const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-        {
-            return maxKeyLength_;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false, "Max should be larger or equal to Min");
-    }
-}

source/tanya/math/package.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.math;
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ body
 }
 
 /// Ditto.
-I pow(I)(in auto ref I x, in auto ref I y, in auto ref I z)
+I pow(I)(const auto ref I x, const auto ref I y, const auto ref I z)
     if (is(I == Integer))
 in
 {
@@ -87,32 +87,33 @@ in
 }
 body
 {
-	size_t i = y.length;
-	auto tmp2 = Integer(x.allocator), tmp1 = Integer(x, x.allocator);
-	Integer result = Integer(x.allocator);
+    size_t i;
+    auto tmp1 = Integer(x, x.allocator);
+    auto result = Integer(x.allocator);
+    bool firstBit;
 
-	if (x.length == 0 && i != 0)
+    if (x.size == 0 && y.size != 0)
     {
-		i = 0;
+        i = y.size;
     }
     else
     {
         result = 1;
     }
-	while (i)
+    while (i < y.size)
     {
-		--i;
-		for (ubyte mask = 0x01; mask; mask <<= 1)
+        for (uint mask = 0x01; mask != 0x10000000; mask <<= 1)
         {
             if (y.rep[i] & mask)
             {
                 result *= tmp1;
                 result %= z;
             }
-			tmp2 = tmp1;
+            auto tmp2 = tmp1;
             tmp1 *= tmp2;
             tmp1 %= z;
         }
+        ++i;
     }
     return result;
 }
@@ -134,15 +135,15 @@ pure nothrow @safe @nogc unittest
 ///
 unittest
 {
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(3), Integer(5), Integer(7)) == 5);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(1)) == 0);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(3), Integer(3), Integer(3)) == 0);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(7), Integer(4), Integer(2)) == 1);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(53), Integer(0), Integer(2)) == 1);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(53), Integer(1), Integer(3)) == 2);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(53), Integer(2), Integer(5)) == 4);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(0), Integer(0), Integer(5)) == 1);
-	assert(cast(long) pow(Integer(0), Integer(5), Integer(5)) == 0);
+    assert(pow(Integer(3), Integer(5), Integer(7)) == 5);
+    assert(pow(Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(1)) == 0);
+    assert(pow(Integer(3), Integer(3), Integer(3)) == 0);
+    assert(pow(Integer(7), Integer(4), Integer(2)) == 1);
+    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(0), Integer(2)) == 1);
+    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(1), Integer(3)) == 2);
+    assert(pow(Integer(53), Integer(2), Integer(5)) == 4);
+    assert(pow(Integer(0), Integer(0), Integer(5)) == 1);
+    assert(pow(Integer(0), Integer(5), Integer(5)) == 0);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -170,3 +171,31 @@ unittest
 
     known.each!((ref x) => assert(isPseudoprime(x)));
 }
+
+/**
+ * Params:
+ *  I = Value type.
+ *  x = Value.
+ *
+ * Returns: The absolute value of a number.
+ */
+I abs(I : Integer)(const auto ref I x)
+{
+    auto result = Integer(x, x.allocator);
+    result.sign = Sign.positive;
+    return result;
+}
+
+/// Ditto.
+I abs(I : Integer)(I x)
+{
+    x.sign = Sign.positive;
+    return x;
+}
+
+/// Ditto.
+I abs(I)(const I x)
+    if (isIntegral!I)
+{
+    return x >= 0 ? x : -x;
+}

source/tanya/math/random.d

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.math.random;
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ version (linux)
  *
  * output = entropy.random;
  *
- * defaultAllocator.finalize(entropy);
+ * defaultAllocator.dispose(entropy);
  * ---
  */
 class Entropy
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Entropy
     }
     body
     {
-		allocator.resizeArray(sources, maxSources);
+        allocator.resize(sources, maxSources);
 
         version (linux)
         {

source/tanya/memory/allocator.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ interface Allocator
     bool reallocate(ref void[] p, in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc;
 
     /**
-	 * Expands a memory block in place.
+     * Reallocates a memory block in place if possible or returns
+     * $(D_KEYWORD false). This function cannot be used to allocate or
+     * deallocate memory, so if $(D_PARAM p) is $(D_KEYWORD null) or
+     * $(D_PARAM size) is `0`, it should return $(D_KEYWORD false).
      *
      * Params:
      *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
@@ -60,68 +63,5 @@ interface Allocator
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if successful, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
      */
-	bool expand(ref void[] p, in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc;
-}
-
-/**
- * The mixin generates common methods for classes and structs using
- * allocators. It provides a protected member, constructor and a read-only property,
- * that checks if an allocator was already set and sets it to the default
- * one, if not (useful for structs which don't have a default constructor).
- */
-mixin template DefaultAllocator()
-{
-	/// Allocator.
-	protected shared Allocator allocator_;
-
-	/**
-	 * Params:
-	 * 	allocator = The allocator should be used.
-	 */
-	this(shared Allocator allocator)
-	in
-	{
-		assert(allocator !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		this.allocator_ = allocator;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This property checks if the allocator was set in the constructor
-	 * and sets it to the default one, if not.
-	 *
-	 * Returns: Used allocator.
-	 *
-	 * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator_ !is null)
-	 */
-	protected @property shared(Allocator) allocator() nothrow @safe @nogc
-	out (allocator)
-	{
-		assert(allocator !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		if (allocator_ is null)
-		{
-			allocator_ = defaultAllocator;
-		}
-		return allocator_;
-	}
-
-	/// Ditto.
-	@property shared(Allocator) allocator() const nothrow @trusted @nogc
-	out (allocator)
-	{
-		assert(allocator !is null);
-	}
-	body
-	{
-		if (allocator_ is null)
-		{
-			return defaultAllocator;
-		}
-		return cast(shared Allocator) allocator_;
-	}
+    bool reallocateInPlace(ref void[] p, in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc;
 }

source/tanya/memory/mallocator.d

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ */
+module tanya.memory.mallocator;
+
+import core.stdc.stdlib;
+import std.algorithm.comparison;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper for malloc/realloc/free from the C standard library.
+ */
+final class Mallocator : Allocator
+{
+    /**
+     * Allocates $(D_PARAM size) bytes of memory.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  size = Amount of memory to allocate.
+     *
+     * Returns: The pointer to the new allocated memory.
+     */
+    void[] allocate(in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc
+    {
+        if (!size)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        auto p = malloc(size + psize);
+
+        return p is null ? null : p[psize .. psize + size];
+    }
+
+    ///
+    @nogc nothrow unittest
+    {
+        auto p = Mallocator.instance.allocate(20);
+
+        assert(p.length == 20);
+
+        Mallocator.instance.deallocate(p);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deallocates a memory block.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p = A pointer to the memory block to be freed.
+     *
+     * Returns: Whether the deallocation was successful.
+     */
+    bool deallocate(void[] p) shared nothrow @nogc
+    {
+        if (p !is null)
+        {
+            free(p.ptr - psize);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ///
+    @nogc nothrow unittest
+    {
+        void[] p;
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.deallocate(p));
+
+        p = Mallocator.instance.allocate(10);
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.deallocate(p));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reallocating in place isn't supported.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
+     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
+     *
+     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD false).
+     */
+    bool reallocateInPlace(ref void[] p, const size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Increases or decreases the size of a memory block.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
+     *  size = Size of the reallocated block.
+     *
+     * Returns: Whether the reallocation was successful.
+     */
+    bool reallocate(ref void[] p, const size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc
+    {
+        if (size == 0)
+        {
+            if (deallocate(p))
+            {
+                p = null;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (p is null)
+        {
+            p = allocate(size);
+            return p is null ? false : true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            auto r = realloc(p.ptr - psize, size + psize);
+
+            if (r !is null)
+            {
+                p = r[psize .. psize + size];
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ///
+    @nogc nothrow unittest
+    {
+        void[] p;
+
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.reallocate(p, 20));
+        assert(p.length == 20);
+
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.reallocate(p, 30));
+        assert(p.length == 30);
+
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.reallocate(p, 10));
+        assert(p.length == 10);
+
+        assert(Mallocator.instance.reallocate(p, 0));
+        assert(p is null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: The alignment offered.
+     */
+    @property uint alignment() shared const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return cast(uint) max(double.alignof, real.alignof);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Static allocator instance and initializer.
+     *
+     * Returns: The global $(D_PSYMBOL Allocator) instance.
+     */
+    static @property ref shared(Mallocator) instance() @nogc nothrow
+    {
+        if (instance_ is null)
+        {
+            immutable size = __traits(classInstanceSize, Mallocator) + psize;
+            void* p = malloc(size);
+
+            if (p !is null)
+            {
+                p[psize .. size] = typeid(Mallocator).initializer[];
+                instance_ = cast(shared Mallocator) p[psize .. size].ptr;
+            }
+        }
+        return instance_;
+    }
+
+    ///
+    @nogc nothrow unittest
+    {
+        assert(instance is instance);
+    }
+
+    private enum psize = 8;
+
+    private shared static Mallocator instance_;
+}

source/tanya/memory/mmappool.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -50,6 +50,21 @@ else version (Windows)
  */
 final class MmapPool : Allocator
 {
+    invariant
+    {
+        for (auto r = &head; *r !is null; r = &((*r).next))
+        {
+            auto block = cast(Block) (cast(void*) *r + RegionEntry.sizeof);
+            do
+            {
+                assert(block.prev is null || block.prev.next is block);
+                assert(block.next is null || block.next.prev is block);
+                assert(block.region is *r);
+            }
+            while ((block = block.next) !is null);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Allocates $(D_PARAM size) bytes of memory.
      *
@@ -156,7 +171,7 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
      */
     bool deallocate(void[] p) shared nothrow @nogc
     {
-		if (p is null)
+        if (p.ptr is null)
         {
             return true;
         }
@@ -216,7 +231,10 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
     }
 
     /**
-	 * Expands a memory block in place.
+     * Reallocates a memory block in place if possible or returns
+     * $(D_KEYWORD false). This function cannot be used to allocate or
+     * deallocate memory, so if $(D_PARAM p) is $(D_KEYWORD null) or
+     * $(D_PARAM size) is `0`, it should return $(D_KEYWORD false).
      *
      * Params:
      *  p    = A pointer to the memory block.
@@ -224,16 +242,18 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
      *
      * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if successful, $(D_KEYWORD false) otherwise.
      */
-	bool expand(ref void[] p, in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc
+    bool reallocateInPlace(ref void[] p, in size_t size) shared nothrow @nogc
     {
-		if (size <= p.length)
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-		if (p is null)
+        if (p is null || size == 0)
         {
             return false;
         }
+        if (size <= p.length)
+        {
+            // Leave the block as is.
+            p = p.ptr[0 .. size];
+            return true;
+        }
         Block block1 = cast(Block) (p.ptr - BlockEntry.sizeof);
 
         if (block1.size >= size)
@@ -243,7 +263,7 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
             return true;
         }
         immutable dataSize = addAlignment(size);
-		immutable delta = dataSize - p.length;
+        immutable delta = dataSize - addAlignment(p.length);
 
         if (block1.next is null
          || !block1.next.free
@@ -255,21 +275,17 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         }
         if (block1.next.size >= delta + alignment_)
         {
-			// We should move the start position of the next block. The order may be
-			// important because the old block and the new one can overlap.
-			auto block2 = cast(Block) (p.ptr + dataSize);
-			block2.size = block1.next.size - delta;
-			block2.free = true;
-			block2.region = block1.region;
-			block2.next = block1.next.next;
-			block2.prev = block1;
-
+            // Move size from block2 to block1.
+            block1.next.size = block1.next.size - delta;
             block1.size = block1.size + delta;
 
+            auto block2 = cast(Block) (p.ptr + dataSize);
             if (block1.next.next !is null)
             {
                 block1.next.next.prev = block2;
             }
+            // block1.next and block2 can overlap.
+            memmove(cast(void*) block2, cast(void*) block1.next, BlockEntry.sizeof);
             block1.next = block2;
         }
         else
@@ -287,22 +303,22 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
     nothrow unittest
     {
         void[] p;
-		assert(!MmapPool.instance.expand(p, 5));
+        assert(!MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 5));
         assert(p is null);
 
         p = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
         auto orig = p.ptr;
 
-		assert(MmapPool.instance.expand(p, 2));
+        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 2));
         assert(p.length == 2);
         assert(p.ptr == orig);
 
-		assert(MmapPool.instance.expand(p, 4));
+        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 4));
         assert(p.length == 4);
         assert(p.ptr == orig);
 
-		assert(MmapPool.instance.expand(p, 2));
-		assert(p.length == 4);
+        assert(MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(p, 2));
+        assert(p.length == 2);
         assert(p.ptr == orig);
 
         MmapPool.instance.deallocate(p);
@@ -328,17 +344,12 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
             }
             return false;
         }
-		else if (size <= p.length)
-		{
-			// Leave the block as is.
-			p = p.ptr[0 .. size];
-			return true;
-		}
-		else if (expand(p, size))
+        else if (reallocateInPlace(p, size))
         {
             return true;
         }
-		// Can't extend, allocate a new block, copy and delete the previous.
+        // Can't reallocate in place, allocate a new block,
+        // copy and delete the previous one.
         void[] reallocP = allocate(size);
         if (reallocP is null)
         {
@@ -574,3 +585,61 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
     }
     private alias Block = shared BlockEntry*;
 }
+
+// A lot of allocations/deallocations, but it is the minimum caused a
+// segmentation fault because MmapPool reallocateInPlace moves a block wrong.
+unittest
+{
+    auto a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    auto d = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    auto b = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    auto e = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    auto c = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+    auto f = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(b);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(c);
+
+    a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(50);
+    MmapPool.instance.reallocateInPlace(a, 64);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
+
+    a = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+    auto tmp1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+    auto h1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+    auto tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+
+    auto h2 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(2);
+    tmp1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h2);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h1);
+
+    h2 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(2);
+    h1 = MmapPool.instance.allocate(1);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h2);
+
+    auto rep = cast(void[]) tmp2;
+    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(rep, tmp1.length);
+    tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) rep;
+
+    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(tmp1, 9);
+
+    rep = cast(void[]) tmp2;
+    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(rep, tmp1.length);
+    tmp2 = cast(ubyte[]) rep;
+    MmapPool.instance.reallocate(tmp1, 17);
+
+    tmp2[$ - 1] = 0;
+
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(tmp1);
+
+    b = MmapPool.instance.allocate(16);
+
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(h1);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(a);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(b);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(d);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(e);
+    MmapPool.instance.deallocate(f);
+}

source/tanya/memory/package.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -11,10 +11,75 @@
 module tanya.memory;
 
 import core.exception;
-public import std.experimental.allocator : make, makeArray;
+import std.algorithm.iteration;
+public import std.experimental.allocator : make;
 import std.traits;
 public import tanya.memory.allocator;
-public import tanya.memory.types;
+
+/**
+ * The mixin generates common methods for classes and structs using
+ * allocators. It provides a protected member, constructor and a read-only property,
+ * that checks if an allocator was already set and sets it to the default
+ * one, if not (useful for structs which don't have a default constructor).
+ */
+mixin template DefaultAllocator()
+{
+    /// Allocator.
+    protected shared Allocator allocator_;
+
+    /**
+     * Params:
+     *  allocator = The allocator should be used.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator_ !is null)
+     */
+    this(shared Allocator allocator)
+    in
+    {
+        assert(allocator !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        this.allocator_ = allocator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This property checks if the allocator was set in the constructor
+     * and sets it to the default one, if not.
+     *
+     * Returns: Used allocator.
+     *
+     * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+     */
+    protected @property shared(Allocator) allocator() nothrow @safe @nogc
+    out (allocator)
+    {
+        assert(allocator !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        if (allocator_ is null)
+        {
+            allocator_ = defaultAllocator;
+        }
+        return allocator_;
+    }
+
+    /// Ditto.
+    @property shared(Allocator) allocator() const nothrow @trusted @nogc
+    out (allocator)
+    {
+        assert(allocator !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        if (allocator_ is null)
+        {
+            return defaultAllocator;
+        }
+        return cast(shared Allocator) allocator_;
+    }
+}
 
 // From druntime
 private extern (C) void _d_monitordelete(Object h, bool det) nothrow @nogc;
@@ -28,11 +93,21 @@ shared static this() nothrow @trusted @nogc
 }
 
 @property ref shared(Allocator) defaultAllocator() nothrow @safe @nogc
+out (allocator)
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+body
 {
     return allocator;
 }
 
 @property void defaultAllocator(shared(Allocator) allocator) nothrow @safe @nogc
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+body
 {
     .allocator = allocator;
 }
@@ -63,109 +138,90 @@ template stateSize(T)
  *
  * Returns: Aligned size.
  */
-size_t alignedSize(in size_t size, in size_t alignment = 8) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+size_t alignedSize(const size_t size, const size_t alignment = 8)
+pure nothrow @safe @nogc
 {
     return (size - 1) / alignment * alignment + alignment;
 }
 
 /**
  * Internal function used to create, resize or destroy a dynamic array. It
- * throws $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) if $(D_PARAM Throws) is set. The new
- * allocated part of the array is initialized only if $(D_PARAM Init) 
- * is set. This function can be trusted only in the data structures that
- * can ensure that the array is allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the
- * same allocator.
+ * may throw $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError). The new
+ * allocated part of the array isn't initialized. This function can be trusted
+ * only in the data structures that can ensure that the array is
+ * allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the same allocator.
  *
  * Params:
  *  T         = Element type of the array being created.
- * 	Init      = If should be initialized.
- * 	Throws    = If $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) should be throwsn.
  *  allocator = The allocator used for getting memory.
  *  array     = A reference to the array being changed.
  *  length    = New array length.
  *
- * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) upon success, $(D_KEYWORD false) if memory could
- *          not be reallocated. In the latter
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM array).
  */
-package(tanya) bool resize(T,
-                           bool Init = true,
-                           bool Throws = true)
-                          (shared Allocator allocator,
-                           ref T[] array,
-                           in size_t length) @trusted
+package(tanya) T[] resize(T)(shared Allocator allocator,
+                             auto ref T[] array,
+                             const size_t length) @trusted
 {
-	void[] buf = array;
-	static if (Init)
+    if (length == 0)
     {
-		immutable oldLength = array.length;
+        if (allocator.deallocate(array))
+        {
+            return null;
         }
+        else
+        {
+            onOutOfMemoryErrorNoGC();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void[] buf = array;
     if (!allocator.reallocate(buf, length * T.sizeof))
     {
-		static if (Throws)
-		{
-			onOutOfMemoryError;
-		}
-		return false;
+        onOutOfMemoryErrorNoGC();
     }
     // Casting from void[] is unsafe, but we know we cast to the original type.
     array = cast(T[]) buf;
 
-	static if (Init)
-	{
-		if (oldLength < length)
-		{
-			array[oldLength .. $] = T.init;
+    return array;
 }
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-package(tanya) alias resizeArray = resize;
 
-///
-unittest
+private unittest
 {
     int[] p;
 
-	defaultAllocator.resizeArray(p, 20);
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 20);
     assert(p.length == 20);
 
-	defaultAllocator.resizeArray(p, 30);
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 30);
     assert(p.length == 30);
 
-	defaultAllocator.resizeArray(p, 10);
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 10);
     assert(p.length == 10);
 
-	defaultAllocator.resizeArray(p, 0);
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 0);
     assert(p is null);
 }
 
-/**
- * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
- * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
- * allocator.
- *
- * Params:
- * 	T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
- * 	allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
- * 	p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
+/*
+ * Destroys the object.
+ * Returns the memory should be freed.
  */
-void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T* p)
+package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
 {
     static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
     {
         destroy(*p);
     }
-	() @trusted { allocator.deallocate((cast(void*) p)[0 .. T.sizeof]); }();
-	p = null;
+    return (cast(void*) p)[0 .. T.sizeof];
 }
 
-/// Ditto.
-void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
+package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T p)
     if (is(T == class) || is(T == interface))
 {
     if (p is null)
     {
-		return;
+        return null;
     }
     static if (is(T == interface))
     {
@@ -182,18 +238,12 @@ void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
         alias ob = p;
     }
     auto ptr = cast(void*) ob;
-
     auto support = ptr[0 .. typeid(ob).initializer.length];
-	scope (success)
-	{
-		() @trusted { allocator.deallocate(support); }();
-		p = null;
-	}
 
     auto ppv = cast(void**) ptr;
     if (!*ppv)
     {
-		return;
+        return null;
     }
     auto pc = cast(ClassInfo*) *ppv;
     scope (exit)
@@ -217,18 +267,43 @@ void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
     {
         _d_monitordelete(cast(Object) ptr, true);
     }
+    return support;
 }
 
-/// Ditto.
-void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T[] array)
+package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T[] p)
 {
-	static if (hasElaborateDestructor!(typeof(array[0])))
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!(typeof(p[0])))
     {
-	foreach (ref e; array)
+        p.each!((ref e) => destroy(e));
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
+ * allocator.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
+ *  allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
+ *  p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
+ */
+void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
+{
+    () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(finalize(p)); }();
+    p = null;
+}
+
+private unittest
+{
+    struct S
+    {
+        ~this()
         {
-	    destroy(e);
         }
     }
-	() @trusted { allocator.deallocate(array); }();
-	array = null;
+    auto p = cast(S[]) defaultAllocator.allocate(S.sizeof);
+
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(p);
 }

source/tanya/memory/types.d

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.memory.types;
 
@@ -14,34 +14,28 @@ import core.exception;
 import std.algorithm.comparison;
 import std.algorithm.mutation;
 import std.conv;
+import std.range;
 import std.traits;
 import tanya.memory;
 
-/**
- * Reference-counted object containing a $(D_PARAM T) value as payload.
- * $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted) keeps track of all references of an object, and
- * when the reference count goes down to zero, frees the underlying store.
- *
- * Params:
- * 	T = Type of the reference-counted value.
- */
-struct RefCounted(T)
+private template Payload(T)
 {
-	static if (is(T == class) || is(T == interface))
+    static if (is(T == class) || is(T == interface) || isArray!T)
     {
-		private alias Payload = T;
+        alias Payload = T;
     }
     else
     {
-		private alias Payload = T*;
+        alias Payload = T*;
+    }
 }
 
-	private class Storage
+final class RefCountedStore(T)
 {
-		private Payload payload;
-		private size_t counter = 1;
+    T payload;
+    size_t counter = 1;
 
-		private final size_t opUnary(string op)() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    size_t opUnary(string op)()
         if (op == "--" || op == "++")
     in
     {
@@ -52,7 +46,7 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
         mixin("return " ~ op ~ "counter;");
     }
 
-		private final int opCmp(size_t counter) const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    int opCmp(const size_t counter)
     {
         if (this.counter > counter)
         {
@@ -68,37 +62,47 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
         }
     }
 
-		private final int opEquals(size_t counter) const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    int opEquals(const size_t counter)
     {
         return this.counter == counter;
     }
 }
 
-	private final class RefCountedStorage : Storage
+private void separateDeleter(T)(RefCountedStore!T storage,
+                                shared Allocator allocator)
 {
-		private shared Allocator allocator;
-
-		this(shared Allocator allocator) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-		in
-		{
-			assert(allocator !is null);
-		}
-		body
-		{
-			this.allocator = allocator;
+    allocator.dispose(storage.payload);
+    allocator.dispose(storage);
 }
 
-		~this() nothrow @nogc
+private void unifiedDeleter(T)(RefCountedStore!T storage,
+                               shared Allocator allocator)
 {
-			allocator.dispose(payload);
-		}
+    auto ptr1 = finalize(storage);
+    auto ptr2 = finalize(storage.payload);
+    allocator.deallocate(ptr1.ptr[0 .. ptr1.length + ptr2.length]);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Reference-counted object containing a $(D_PARAM T) value as payload.
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted) keeps track of all references of an object, and
+ * when the reference count goes down to zero, frees the underlying store.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Type of the reference-counted value.
+ */
+struct RefCounted(T)
+{
+    private alias Storage = RefCountedStore!(Payload!T);
+
     private Storage storage;
+    private void function(Storage storage,
+                          shared Allocator allocator) @nogc deleter;
 
     invariant
     {
         assert(storage is null || allocator_ !is null);
+        assert(storage is null || deleter !is null);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -112,11 +116,18 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
      *
      * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
      */
-	this(Payload value, shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    this()(auto ref Payload!T value,
+           shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
     {
         this(allocator);
-		storage = allocator.make!RefCountedStorage(allocator);
-		move(value, storage.payload);
+        this.storage = allocator.make!Storage();
+        this.deleter = &separateDeleter!(Payload!T);
+
+        move(value, this.storage.payload);
+        static if (__traits(isRef, value))
+        {
+            value = null;
+        }
     }
 
     /// Ditto.
@@ -137,7 +148,7 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
     {
         if (count != 0)
         {
-			++storage;
+            ++this.storage;
         }
     }
 
@@ -148,9 +159,9 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
      */
     ~this()
     {
-		if (storage !is null && !(storage.counter && --storage))
+        if (this.storage !is null && !(this.storage.counter && --this.storage))
         {
-			allocator_.dispose(storage);
+            deleter(this.storage, allocator);
         }
     }
 
@@ -161,79 +172,74 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
      * If it is the last reference of the previously owned object,
      * it will be destroyed.
      *
-	 * To reset the $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted) assign $(D_KEYWORD null).
+     * To reset $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted) assign $(D_KEYWORD null).
      *
      * If the allocator wasn't set before, $(D_PSYMBOL defaultAllocator) will
      * be used. If you need a different allocator, create a new
      * $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted) and assign it.
      *
      * Params:
-	 * 	rhs = $(D_KEYWORD this).
+     *  rhs = New object.
+     *
+     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
      */
-	ref typeof(this) opAssign(Payload rhs)
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign()(auto ref Payload!T rhs)
     {
-		if (storage is null)
+        if (this.storage is null)
         {
-			storage = allocator.make!RefCountedStorage(allocator);
+            this.storage = allocator.make!Storage();
+            this.deleter = &separateDeleter!(Payload!T);
         }
-		else if (storage > 1)
+        else if (this.storage > 1)
         {
-			--storage;
-			storage = allocator.make!RefCountedStorage(allocator);
-		}
-		else if (cast(RefCountedStorage) storage is null)
-		{
-			// Created with refCounted. Always destroyed togethter with the pointer.
-			assert(storage.counter != 0);
-			allocator.dispose(storage);
-			storage = allocator.make!RefCountedStorage(allocator);
+            --this.storage;
+            this.storage = allocator.make!Storage();
+            this.deleter = &separateDeleter!(Payload!T);
         }
         else
         {
-			allocator.dispose(storage.payload);
+            finalize(this.storage.payload);
+            this.storage.payload = Payload!T.init;
         }
-		move(rhs, storage.payload);
+        move(rhs, this.storage.payload);
         return this;
     }
 
     /// Ditto.
     ref typeof(this) opAssign(typeof(null))
     {
-		if (storage is null)
+        if (this.storage is null)
         {
             return this;
         }
-		else if (storage > 1)
+        else if (this.storage > 1)
         {
-			--storage;
-			storage = null;
-		}
-		else if (cast(RefCountedStorage) storage is null)
-		{
-			// Created with refCounted. Always destroyed togethter with the pointer.
-			assert(storage.counter != 0);
-			allocator.dispose(storage);
-			return this;
+            --this.storage;
         }
         else
         {
-			allocator.dispose(storage.payload);
+            deleter(this.storage, allocator);
         }
+        this.storage = null;
+
         return this;
     }
 
     /// Ditto.
     ref typeof(this) opAssign(typeof(this) rhs)
     {
-		swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
-		swap(storage, rhs.storage);
+        swap(this.allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        swap(this.storage, rhs.storage);
+        swap(this.deleter, rhs.deleter);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns: Reference to the owned object.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE cound > 0).
      */
-	inout(Payload) get() inout pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    Payload!T get() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
     in
     {
         assert(count > 0, "Attempted to access an uninitialized reference.");
@@ -243,7 +249,7 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
         return storage.payload;
     }
 
-	static if (isPointer!Payload)
+    version (D_Ddoc)
     {
         /**
          * Params:
@@ -254,6 +260,11 @@ struct RefCounted(T)
          *
          * Returns: Reference to the pointed value.
          */
+        ref T opUnary(string op)()
+            if (op == "*");
+    }
+    else static if (isPointer!(Payload!T))
+    {
         ref T opUnary(string op)()
             if (op == "*")
         {
@@ -355,6 +366,44 @@ private unittest
     assert(rc.count == 1);
 }
 
+private unittest
+{
+    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
+    assert(rc.count == 1);
+
+    void func(RefCounted!int rc)
+    {
+        assert(rc.count == 2);
+        rc = null;
+        assert(!rc.isInitialized);
+        assert(rc.count == 0);
+    }
+
+    assert(rc.count == 1);
+    func(rc);
+    assert(rc.count == 1);
+
+    rc = null;
+    assert(!rc.isInitialized);
+    assert(rc.count == 0);
+}
+
+private unittest
+{
+    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(5);
+    assert(*rc == 5);
+
+    void func(RefCounted!int rc)
+    {
+        assert(rc.count == 2);
+        rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!int(4);
+        assert(*rc == 4);
+        assert(rc.count == 1);
+    }
+    func(rc);
+    assert(*rc == 5);
+}
+
 private unittest
 {
     static assert(is(typeof(RefCounted!int.storage.payload) == int*));
@@ -380,15 +429,22 @@ private unittest
  *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
  * 
  * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted!T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
  */
 RefCounted!T refCounted(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
     if (!is(T == interface) && !isAbstractClass!T
-         && !isArray!T && !isAssociativeArray!T)
+     && !isAssociativeArray!T && !isArray!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+body
 {
     auto rc = typeof(return)(allocator);
 
-	immutable storageSize = alignedSize(stateSize!(RefCounted!T.Storage));
-	immutable size = alignedSize(stateSize!T + storageSize);
+    const storageSize = alignedSize(stateSize!(RefCounted!T.Storage));
+    const size = alignedSize(stateSize!T + storageSize);
 
     auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(size))();
     if (mem is null)
@@ -399,7 +455,7 @@ RefCounted!T refCounted(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
     {
         () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
     }
-	rc.storage = emplace!(RefCounted!T.Storage)(mem[0 .. storageSize]);
+    rc.storage = emplace!((RefCounted!T.Storage))(mem[0 .. storageSize]);
 
     static if (is(T == class))
     {
@@ -410,9 +466,38 @@ RefCounted!T refCounted(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
         auto ptr = (() @trusted => (cast(T*) mem[storageSize .. $].ptr))();
         rc.storage.payload = emplace!T(ptr, args);
     }
+    rc.deleter = &unifiedDeleter!(Payload!T);
     return rc;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM size) elements and wraps it in a
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Array type.
+ *  size      = Array size.
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted!T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ */
+RefCounted!T refCounted(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+@trusted
+    if (isArray!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
+}
+body
+{
+    auto payload = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, size);
+    return RefCounted!T(payload, allocator);
+}
+
 ///
 unittest
 {
@@ -456,3 +541,272 @@ private @nogc unittest
         assert(rc.count);
     }
 }
+
+private @nogc unittest
+{
+    auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!(int[])(5);
+    assert(rc.length == 5);
+}
+
+private @nogc unittest
+{
+    static bool destroyed = false;
+
+    struct F
+    {
+        ~this() @nogc
+        {
+            destroyed = true;
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        auto rc = defaultAllocator.refCounted!F();
+    }
+    assert(destroyed);
+}
+
+/**
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped) stores an object that gets destroyed at the end of its scope.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Value type.
+ */
+struct Scoped(T)
+{
+    private Payload!T payload;
+
+    invariant
+    {
+        assert(payload is null || allocator_ !is null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes ownership over $(D_PARAM value), setting the counter to 1.
+     * $(D_PARAM value) may be a pointer, an object or a dynamic array.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  value     = Value whose ownership is taken over.
+     *  allocator = Allocator used to destroy the $(D_PARAM value) and to
+     *              allocate/deallocate internal storage.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+     */
+    this()(auto ref Payload!T value,
+           shared Allocator allocator = defaultAllocator)
+    {
+        this(allocator);
+
+        move(value, this.payload);
+        static if (__traits(isRef, value))
+        {
+            value = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ditto.
+    this(shared Allocator allocator)
+    in
+    {
+        assert(allocator !is null);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        this.allocator_ = allocator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped) is noncopyable.
+     */
+    @disable this(this);
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys the owned object.
+     */
+    ~this()
+    {
+        if (this.payload !is null)
+        {
+            allocator.dispose(this.payload);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialized this $(D_PARAM Scoped) and takes ownership over
+     * $(D_PARAM rhs).
+     *
+     * To reset $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped) assign $(D_KEYWORD null).
+     *
+     * If the allocator wasn't set before, $(D_PSYMBOL defaultAllocator) will
+     * be used. If you need a different allocator, create a new
+     * $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped) and assign it.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  rhs = New object.
+     *
+     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD this).
+     */
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign()(auto ref Payload!T rhs)
+    {
+        allocator.dispose(this.payload);
+        move(rhs, this.payload);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Ditto.
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign(typeof(null))
+    {
+        allocator.dispose(this.payload);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Ditto.
+    ref typeof(this) opAssign(typeof(this) rhs)
+    {
+        swap(this.allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        swap(this.payload, rhs.payload);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Reference to the owned object.
+     */
+    Payload!T get() pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return payload;
+    }
+
+    version (D_Ddoc)
+    {
+        /**
+         * Params:
+         *  op = Operation. 
+         *
+         * Dereferences the pointer. It is defined only for pointers, not for
+         * reference types like classes, that can be accessed directly.
+         *
+         * Returns: Reference to the pointed value.
+         */
+        ref T opUnary(string op)()
+            if (op == "*");
+    }
+    else static if (isPointer!(Payload!T))
+    {
+        ref T opUnary(string op)()
+            if (op == "*")
+        {
+            return *payload;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mixin DefaultAllocator;
+    alias get this;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc unittest
+{
+    auto p = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
+    auto s = Scoped!int(p, defaultAllocator);
+    assert(p is null);
+    assert(*s == 5);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc unittest
+{
+    static bool destroyed = false;
+
+    struct F
+    {
+        ~this() @nogc
+        {
+            destroyed = true;
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        auto s = Scoped!F(defaultAllocator.make!F(), defaultAllocator);
+    }
+    assert(destroyed);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new object of type $(D_PARAM T) and wraps it in a
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped) using $(D_PARAM args) as the parameter list for
+ * the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Type of the constructed object.
+ *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ * 
+ * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped!T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+ */
+Scoped!T scoped(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+    if (!is(T == interface) && !isAbstractClass!T
+     && !isAssociativeArray!T && !isArray!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+}
+body
+{
+    auto payload = allocator.make!(T, shared Allocator, A)(args);
+    return Scoped!T(payload, allocator);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM size) elements and wraps it in a
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Array type.
+ *  size      = Array size.
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL Scoped!T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ */
+Scoped!T scoped(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+@trusted
+    if (isArray!T)
+in
+{
+    assert(allocator !is null);
+    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
+}
+body
+{
+    auto payload = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, size);
+    return Scoped!T(payload, allocator);
+}
+
+private unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof(defaultAllocator.scoped!B(5))));
+    static assert(is(typeof(defaultAllocator.scoped!(int[])(5))));
+}
+
+private unittest
+{
+    auto s = defaultAllocator.scoped!int(5);
+    assert(*s == 5);
+
+    s = null;
+    assert(s is null);
+}
+
+private unittest
+{
+    auto s = defaultAllocator.scoped!int(5);
+    assert(*s == 5);
+
+    s = defaultAllocator.scoped!int(4);
+    assert(*s == 4);
+}

source/tanya/meta/gen.d

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Templates that generate values.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- */
-module tanya.meta.gen;
-
-import std.traits;
-
-/**
- * Initializer list.
- *
- * Generates a static array with elements from $(D_PARAM args). All elements
- * should have the same type. It can be used in constructors which accept a
- * list of the elements of the same type in the situations where variadic
- * functions and templates can't be used.
- *
- * Params:
- * 	Args = Argument type.
- * 	args = Arguments.
- */
-enum IL(Args...)(Args args)
-	if (Args.length > 0)
-{
-	alias BaseType = typeof(args[0]);
-
-	BaseType[args.length] result;
-
-	foreach (i, a; args)
-	{
-		static assert(isImplicitlyConvertible!(typeof(a), BaseType));
-		result[i] = a;
-	}
-	return result;
-}
-
-///
-unittest
-{
-	static assert(IL(1, 5, 8).length == 3);
-	static assert(IL(1, 5, 8).sizeof == 3 * int.sizeof);
-}

source/tanya/network/inet.d

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Internet utilities.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ */
+module tanya.network.inet;
+
+import std.math;
+import std.range.primitives;
+import std.traits;
+
+version (unittest)
+{
+    version (Windows)
+    {
+        import core.sys.windows.winsock2;
+        version = PlattformUnittest;
+    }
+    else version (Posix)
+    {
+        import core.sys.posix.arpa.inet;
+        version = PlattformUnittest;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents an unsigned integer as an $(D_KEYWORD ubyte) range.
+ *
+ * The range is bidirectional. The byte order is always big-endian.
+ *
+ * It can accept any unsigned integral type but the value should fit
+ * in $(D_PARAM L) bytes.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  L = Desired range length.
+ */
+struct NetworkOrder(uint L)
+    if (L > ubyte.sizeof && L <= ulong.sizeof)
+{
+    static if (L > uint.sizeof)
+    {
+        private alias StorageType = ulong;
+    }
+    else static if (L > ushort.sizeof)
+    {
+        private alias StorageType = uint;
+    }
+    else static if (L > ubyte.sizeof)
+    {
+        private alias StorageType = ushort;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        private alias StorageType = ubyte;
+    }
+
+    private StorageType value;
+    private size_t size = L;
+
+    const pure nothrow @safe @nogc invariant
+    {
+        assert(this.size <= L);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new range.
+     *
+     * $(D_PARAM T) can be any unsigned type but $(D_PARAM value) cannot be
+     * larger than the maximum can be stored in $(D_PARAM L) bytes. Otherwise
+     * an assertion failure will be caused.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  T      = Value type.
+     *  value  = The value should be represented by this range.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE value <= 2 ^^ (length * 8) - 1).
+     */
+    this(T)(const T value)
+        if (isUnsigned!T)
+    in
+    {
+        assert(value <= pow(2, L * 8) - 1);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        this.value = value & StorageType.max;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: LSB.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE length > 0).
+     */
+    @property ubyte back() const
+    in
+    {
+        assert(this.length > 0);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        return this.value & 0xff;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: MSB.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE length > 0).
+     */
+    @property ubyte front() const
+    in
+    {
+        assert(this.length > 0);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        return (this.value >> ((this.length - 1) * 8)) & 0xff;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Eliminates the LSB.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE length > 0).
+     */
+    void popBack()
+    in
+    {
+        assert(this.length > 0);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        this.value >>= 8;
+        --this.size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Eliminates the MSB.
+     *
+     * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE length > 0).
+     */
+    void popFront()
+    in
+    {
+        assert(this.length > 0);
+    }
+    body
+    {
+        this.value &= StorageType.max >> ((StorageType.sizeof - this.length) * 8);
+        --this.size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Copy of this range.
+     */
+    typeof(this) save() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Whether the range is empty.
+     */
+    @property bool empty() const
+    {
+        return this.length == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns: Byte length.
+     */
+    @property size_t length() const
+    {
+        return this.size;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+pure nothrow @safe @nogc unittest
+{
+    auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!3(0xae34e2u);
+    assert(!networkOrder.empty);
+    assert(networkOrder.front == 0xae);
+
+    networkOrder.popFront();
+    assert(networkOrder.length == 2);
+    assert(networkOrder.front == 0x34);
+    assert(networkOrder.back == 0xe2);
+
+    networkOrder.popBack();
+    assert(networkOrder.length == 1);
+    assert(networkOrder.front == 0x34);
+    assert(networkOrder.front == 0x34);
+
+    networkOrder.popFront();
+    assert(networkOrder.empty);
+}
+
+// Static.
+private unittest
+{
+    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(NetworkOrder!4));
+    static assert(isBidirectionalRange!(NetworkOrder!8));
+    static assert(!is(NetworkOrder!9));
+    static assert(!is(NetworkOrder!1));
+}
+
+// Tests against the system's htonl, htons.
+version (PlattformUnittest)
+{
+    private unittest
+    {
+        for (uint counter; counter <= 8 * uint.sizeof; ++counter)
+        {
+            const value = pow(2, counter) - 1;
+            const inNetworkOrder = htonl(value);
+            const p = cast(ubyte*) &inNetworkOrder;
+            auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!4(value);
+
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 4);
+            assert(!networkOrder.empty);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *p);
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 3));
+
+            networkOrder.popBack();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 3);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *p);
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 2));
+
+            networkOrder.popFront();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 2);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *(p + 1));
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 2));
+
+            networkOrder.popFront();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 1);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *(p + 2));
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 2));
+
+            networkOrder.popBack();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 0);
+            assert(networkOrder.empty);
+        }
+
+        for (ushort counter; counter <= 8 * ushort.sizeof; ++counter)
+        {
+            const value = cast(ushort) (pow(2, counter) - 1);
+            const inNetworkOrder = htons(value);
+            const p = cast(ubyte*) &inNetworkOrder;
+
+            auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!2(value);
+
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 2);
+            assert(!networkOrder.empty);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *p);
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 1));
+
+            networkOrder.popBack();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 1);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *p);
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *p);
+
+            networkOrder.popBack();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 0);
+            assert(networkOrder.empty);
+
+            networkOrder = NetworkOrder!2(value);
+
+            networkOrder.popFront();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 1);
+            assert(networkOrder.front == *(p + 1));
+            assert(networkOrder.back == *(p + 1));
+
+            networkOrder.popFront();
+            assert(networkOrder.length == 0);
+            assert(networkOrder.empty);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts the $(D_KEYWORD ubyte) input range $(D_PARAM range) to
+ * $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * The byte order of $(D_PARAM r) is assumed to be big-endian. The length
+ * cannot be larger than $(D_INLINECODE T.sizeof). Otherwise an assertion
+ * failure will be caused.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T     = Desired return type.
+ *  R     = Range type.
+ *  range = Input range.
+ *
+ * Returns: Integral representation of $(D_PARAM range) with the host byte
+ *          order.
+ */
+T toHostOrder(T = size_t, R)(R range)
+    if (isInputRange!R
+     && !isInfinite!R
+     && is(Unqual!(ElementType!R) == ubyte)
+     && isUnsigned!T)
+{
+    T ret;
+    ushort pos = T.sizeof * 8;
+
+    for (; !range.empty && range.front == 0; pos -= 8, range.popFront())
+    {
+    }
+    for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
+    {
+        assert(pos != 0);
+        pos -= 8;
+        ret |= (cast(T) range.front) << pos;
+    }
+
+    return ret >> pos;
+}
+
+///
+pure nothrow @safe @nogc unittest
+{
+    const value = 0xae34e2u;
+    auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!4(value);
+    assert(networkOrder.toHostOrder() == value);
+}
+
+// Tests against the system's htonl, htons.
+version (PlattformUnittest)
+{
+    private unittest
+    {
+        for (uint counter; counter <= 8 * uint.sizeof; ++counter)
+        {
+            const value = pow(2, counter) - 1;
+            const inNetworkOrder = htonl(value);
+            const p = cast(ubyte*) &inNetworkOrder;
+            auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!4(value);
+
+            assert(p[0 .. uint.sizeof].toHostOrder() == value);
+        }
+        for (ushort counter; counter <= 8 * ushort.sizeof; ++counter)
+        {
+            const value = cast(ushort) (pow(2, counter) - 1);
+            const inNetworkOrder = htons(value);
+            const p = cast(ubyte*) &inNetworkOrder;
+            auto networkOrder = NetworkOrder!2(value);
+
+            assert(p[0 .. ushort.sizeof].toHostOrder() == value);
+        }
+    }
+}

source/tanya/network/package.d

@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Metaprogramming.
+ * Network programming.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
-module tanya.meta;
+module tanya.network;
 
-public import tanya.meta.gen;
+public import tanya.network.inet;
+public import tanya.network.socket;
+public import tanya.network.url;

source/tanya/network/socket.d

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * Socket programming.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ else version (Windows)
 
             overlapped.handle = cast(HANDLE) handle_;
             overlapped.event = OverlappedSocketEvent.read;
-			overlapped.buffer.len = buffer.length;
+            overlapped.buffer.len = cast(ULONG) buffer.length;
             overlapped.buffer.buf = cast(char*) buffer.ptr;
 
             auto result = WSARecv(handle_,
@@ -326,7 +328,7 @@ else version (Windows)
         {
             overlapped.handle = cast(HANDLE) handle_;
             overlapped.event = OverlappedSocketEvent.write;
-			overlapped.buffer.len = buffer.length;
+            overlapped.buffer.len = cast(ULONG) buffer.length;
             overlapped.buffer.buf = cast(char*) buffer.ptr;
 
             auto result = WSASend(handle_,
@@ -1004,10 +1006,14 @@ interface ConnectionOrientedSocket
      */
     enum Flag : int
     {
-		none      = 0,             /// No flags specified
-		outOfBand = MSG_OOB,       /// Out-of-band stream data
-		peek      = MSG_PEEK,      /// Peek at incoming data without removing it from the queue, only for receiving
-		dontRoute = MSG_DONTROUTE, /// Data should not be subject to routing; this flag may be ignored. Only for sending
+        /// No flags specified.
+        none      = 0,
+        /// Out-of-band stream data.
+        outOfBand = MSG_OOB,
+        /// Peek at incoming data without removing it from the queue, only for receiving.
+        peek      = MSG_PEEK,
+        /// Data should not be subject to routing; this flag may be ignored. Only for sending.
+        dontRoute = MSG_DONTROUTE,
     }
 
     alias Flags = BitFlags!Flag;

source/tanya/network/url.d

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
 /**
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016.
+ * URL parser.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2016-2017.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:belka@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  */
 module tanya.network.url;