49 files changed, 1156 insertions, 1130 deletions

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 3cb4f7a..ee8283f 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ matrix:
   include:
   - name: D-Scanner
     d: dmd-$LATEST
-    env: DSCANNER=0.6.0
+    env: DSCANNER=0.7.0
     os: linux
   - name: DDoc
     d: dmd-$LATEST
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ matrix:
   allow_failures:
   - name: D-Scanner
     d: dmd-$LATEST
-    env: DSCANNER=0.6.0
+    env: DSCANNER=0.7.0
     os: linux
 
 addons:
@@ -53,12 +53,14 @@ script:
     dub build :sys -b ddox --compiler=$DC;
     dub build :os -b ddox --compiler=$DC;
     dub build :encoding -b ddox --compiler=$DC;
+    dub build :memory -b ddox --compiler=$DC;
     dub build -b ddox --compiler=$DC;
   elif [ -z "$DSCANNER" ]; then
     dub test :meta -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
     dub test :sys -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
     dub test :os -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
     dub test :encoding -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
+    dub test :memory -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
     dub test -b ${UNITTEST:-unittest} --arch=$ARCH --compiler=$DC;
   else
     dub fetch dscanner --version=$DSCANNER;
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
index fd4db00..dc0e5e8 100644
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -61,4 +61,5 @@ test_script:
   - dub test :sys -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%
   - dub test :os -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%
   - dub test :encoding -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%
+  - dub test :memory -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%
   - dub test -b unittest --arch=%Darch% --compiler=%DC%
diff --git a/dub.json b/dub.json
index 823f97f..3fd1ec6 100644
--- a/dub.json
+++ b/dub.json
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 		"tanya:meta": "*",
 		"tanya:sys": "*",
 		"tanya:os": "*",
-		"tanya:encoding": "*"
+		"tanya:encoding": "*",
+		"tanya:memory": "*"
 	},
 
 	"dependencies-linux": {
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@
 		"./meta",
 		"./sys",
 		"./os",
-		"./encoding"
+		"./encoding",
+		"./memory"
 	],
 
 	"configurations": [
diff --git a/encoding/dub.json b/encoding/dub.json
index 9c50acd..00ef6de 100644
--- a/encoding/dub.json
+++ b/encoding/dub.json
@@ -5,5 +5,12 @@
 
 	"dependencies": {
 		"tanya:meta": "*"
-	}
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	]
 }
diff --git a/encoding/source/tanya/encoding/ascii.d b/encoding/tanya/encoding/ascii.d
index c664861..6498547 100644
--- a/encoding/source/tanya/encoding/ascii.d
+++ b/encoding/tanya/encoding/ascii.d
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/encoding/ascii.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/encoding/tanya/encoding/ascii.d,
  *                 tanya/encoding/ascii.d)
  */
 module tanya.encoding.ascii;
diff --git a/encoding/source/tanya/encoding/package.d b/encoding/tanya/encoding/package.d
index e9912ee..9ec74d0 100644
--- a/encoding/source/tanya/encoding/package.d
+++ b/encoding/tanya/encoding/package.d
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/encoding/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/encoding/tanya/encoding/package.d,
  *                 tanya/encoding/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.encoding;
diff --git a/memory/dub.json b/memory/dub.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7339127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/memory/dub.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "memory",
+	"description": "Tools for manual memory management (allocators, smart pointers)",
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"dependencies": {
+		"tanya:meta": "*",
+		"tanya:os": "*",
+		"tanya:sys": "*"
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	]
+}
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/allocator.d b/memory/tanya/memory/allocator.d
index 3d05a37..e161612 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/allocator.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/allocator.d
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/allocator.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/allocator.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/allocator.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.allocator;
diff --git a/memory/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d b/memory/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35d251b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+/**
+ * Lifecycle management functions, types and related exceptions.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2019.
+ * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
+ *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
+ * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d,
+ *                 tanya/memory/lifecycle.d)
+ */
+module tanya.memory.lifecycle;
+
+import tanya.memory : defaultAllocator;
+import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.meta.trait;
+import tanya.meta.metafunction;
+version (unittest) import tanya.test.stub;
+
+/**
+ * Error thrown if memory allocation fails.
+ */
+final class OutOfMemoryError : Error
+{
+    /**
+     * Constructs new error.
+     *
+     * Params:
+     *  msg  = The message for the exception.
+     *  file = The file where the exception occurred.
+     *  line = The line number where the exception occurred.
+     *  next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
+     */
+    this(string msg = "Out of memory",
+         string file = __FILE__,
+         size_t line = __LINE__,
+         Throwable next = null) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        super(msg, file, line, next);
+    }
+
+    /// ditto
+    this(string msg,
+         Throwable next,
+         string file = __FILE__,
+         size_t line = __LINE__) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+    {
+        super(msg, file, line, next);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocates $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) in a static storage and throws it.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  msg = Custom error message.
+ *
+ * Throws: $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError).
+ */
+void onOutOfMemoryError(string msg = "Out of memory")
+@nogc nothrow pure @trusted
+{
+    static ubyte[stateSize!OutOfMemoryError] memory;
+    alias PureType = OutOfMemoryError function(string) @nogc nothrow pure;
+    throw (cast(PureType) () => emplace!OutOfMemoryError(memory))(msg);
+}
+
+// From druntime
+extern (C)
+private void _d_monitordelete(Object h, bool det) @nogc nothrow pure;
+
+/*
+ * Internal function used to create, resize or destroy a dynamic array. It
+ * may throw $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError). The new
+ * allocated part of the array isn't initialized. This function can be trusted
+ * only in the data structures that can ensure that the array is
+ * allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the same allocator.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Element type of the array being created.
+ *  allocator = The allocator used for getting memory.
+ *  array     = A reference to the array being changed.
+ *  length    = New array length.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM array).
+ */
+package(tanya) T[] resize(T)(shared Allocator allocator,
+                             auto ref T[] array,
+                             const size_t length) @trusted
+{
+    if (length == 0)
+    {
+        if (allocator.deallocate(array))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            onOutOfMemoryError();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void[] buf = array;
+    if (!allocator.reallocate(buf, length * T.sizeof))
+    {
+        onOutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+    // Casting from void[] is unsafe, but we know we cast to the original type.
+    array = cast(T[]) buf;
+
+    return array;
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int[] p;
+
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 20);
+    assert(p.length == 20);
+
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 30);
+    assert(p.length == 30);
+
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 10);
+    assert(p.length == 10);
+
+    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 0);
+    assert(p is null);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroys the object.
+ * Returns the memory should be freed.
+ */
+package(tanya.memory) void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
+{
+    if (p is null)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+    {
+        destroy(*p);
+    }
+    return (cast(void*) p)[0 .. T.sizeof];
+}
+
+package(tanya.memory) void[] finalize(T)(ref T p)
+if (isPolymorphicType!T)
+{
+    if (p is null)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+    static if (is(T == interface))
+    {
+        version(Windows)
+        {
+            import core.sys.windows.unknwn : IUnknown;
+            static assert(!is(T : IUnknown), "COM interfaces can't be destroyed in "
+                                           ~ __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+        }
+        auto ob = cast(Object) p;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        alias ob = p;
+    }
+    auto ptr = cast(void*) ob;
+    auto support = ptr[0 .. typeid(ob).initializer.length];
+
+    auto ppv = cast(void**) ptr;
+    if (!*ppv)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+    auto pc = cast(ClassInfo*) *ppv;
+    scope (exit)
+    {
+        *ppv = null;
+    }
+
+    auto c = *pc;
+    do
+    {
+        // Assume the destructor is @nogc. Leave it nothrow since the destructor
+        // shouldn't throw and if it does, it is an error anyway.
+        if (c.destructor)
+        {
+            alias DtorType = void function(Object) pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
+            (cast(DtorType) c.destructor)(ob);
+        }
+    }
+    while ((c = c.base) !is null);
+
+    if (ppv[1]) // if monitor is not null
+    {
+        _d_monitordelete(cast(Object) ptr, true);
+    }
+    return support;
+}
+
+package(tanya.memory) void[] finalize(T)(ref T[] p)
+{
+    destroyAllImpl!(T[], T)(p);
+    return p;
+}
+
+package(tanya) void destroyAllImpl(R, E)(R p)
+{
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!E)
+    {
+        foreach (ref e; p)
+        {
+            destroy(e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
+ * allocator.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
+ *  allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
+ *  p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
+ */
+void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
+{
+    () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(finalize(p)); }();
+    p = null;
+}
+
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    auto p = cast(S[]) defaultAllocator.allocate(S.sizeof);
+
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(p);
+}
+
+// Works with interfaces.
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    interface I
+    {
+    }
+    class C : I
+    {
+    }
+    auto c = defaultAllocator.make!C();
+    I i = c;
+
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new class instance of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
+ * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Class type.
+ *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL T).
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+ */
+T make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+if (is(T == class))
+in (allocator !is null)
+{
+    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
+    if (mem is null)
+    {
+        onOutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+    scope (failure)
+    {
+        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
+    }
+
+    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a value object of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
+ * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T) and returns a
+ * pointer to the new object.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Object type.
+ *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * Returns: Pointer to the created object.
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
+ */
+T* make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
+if (!isPolymorphicType!T && !isAssociativeArray!T && !isArray!T)
+in (allocator !is null)
+{
+    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
+    if (mem is null)
+    {
+        onOutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+    scope (failure)
+    {
+        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
+    }
+    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int* i = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
+    assert(*i == 5);
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM n) elements.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
+ *  allocator = Allocator.
+ *  n         = Array size.
+ *
+ * Returns: Newly created array.
+ *
+ * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
+ *                           && n <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
+ */
+T make(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t n)
+in (allocator !is null)
+in (n <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
+{
+    auto ret = allocator.resize!E(null, n);
+
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!E)
+    {
+        for (auto range = ret; range.length != 0; range = range[1 .. $])
+        {
+            emplace!E(cast(void[]) range[0 .. 1], E.init);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret[] = E.init;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int[] i = defaultAllocator.make!(int[])(2);
+    assert(i.length == 2);
+    assert(i[0] == int.init && i[1] == int.init);
+    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new object of type $(D_PARAM T) in $(D_PARAM memory) with the
+ * given arguments.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is a $(D_KEYWORD class), emplace returns a class reference
+ * of type $(D_PARAM T), otherwise a pointer to the constructed object is
+ * returned.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class inside another class, $(D_PARAM outer)
+ * should be an instance of the outer class.
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM args) are arguments for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T). If
+ * $(D_PARAM T) isn't an aggregate type and doesn't have a constructor,
+ * $(D_PARAM memory) can be initialized to `args[0]` if `Args.length == 1`,
+ * `Args[0]` should be implicitly convertible to $(D_PARAM T) then.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T     = Constructed type.
+ *  U     = Type of the outer class if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
+ *  Args  = Types of the constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor
+ *          or the type of the initial value.
+ *  outer = Outer class instance if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
+ *  args  = Constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor or the
+ *          initial value.
+ *
+ * Returns: New instance of type $(D_PARAM T) constructed in $(D_PARAM memory).
+ *
+ * Precondition: `memory.length == stateSize!T`.
+ * Postcondition: $(D_PARAM memory) and the result point to the same memory.
+ */
+T emplace(T, U, Args...)(void[] memory, U outer, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isAbstractClass!T && isInnerClass!T && is(typeof(T.outer) == U))
+in (memory.length >= stateSize!T)
+out (result; memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)())
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
+
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
+    result.outer = outer;
+
+    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (is(T == class) && !isAbstractClass!T && !isInnerClass!T)
+in (memory.length == stateSize!T)
+out (result; memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)())
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
+
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
+    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    class C
+    {
+        int i = 5;
+        class Inner
+        {
+            int i;
+
+            this(int param) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+            {
+                this.i = param;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ubyte[stateSize!C] memory1;
+    ubyte[stateSize!(C.Inner)] memory2;
+
+    auto c = emplace!C(memory1);
+    assert(c.i == 5);
+
+    auto inner = emplace!(C.Inner)(memory2, c, 8);
+    assert(c.i == 5);
+    assert(inner.i == 8);
+    assert(inner.outer is c);
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isAggregateType!T && (Args.length <= 1))
+in (memory.length >= T.sizeof)
+out (result; memory.ptr is result)
+{
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
+    static if (Args.length == 1)
+    {
+        *result = T(args[0]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *result = T.init;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+private void initializeOne(T)(ref void[] memory, ref T* result) @trusted
+{
+    import tanya.memory.op : copy, fill;
+
+    static if (!hasElaborateAssign!T && isAssignable!T)
+    {
+        *result = T.init;
+    }
+    else static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083 // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
+        && __traits(isZeroInit, T))
+    {
+        memory.ptr[0 .. T.sizeof].fill!0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static immutable T init = T.init;
+        copy((&init)[0 .. 1], memory);
+    }
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
+if (!isPolymorphicType!T && isAggregateType!T)
+in (memory.length >= T.sizeof)
+out (result; memory.ptr is result)
+{
+    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
+
+    static if (Args.length == 0)
+    {
+        static assert(is(typeof({ static T t; })),
+                      "Default constructor is disabled");
+        initializeOne(memory, result);
+    }
+    else static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
+    {
+        initializeOne(memory, result);
+        result.__ctor(args);
+    }
+    else static if (Args.length == 1 && is(typeof({ T t = args[0]; })))
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+        ((ref arg) @trusted =>
+            copy((cast(void*) &arg)[0 .. T.sizeof], memory))(args[0]);
+        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T)
+        {
+            result.__postblit();
+        }
+    }
+    else static if (is(typeof({ T t = T(args); })))
+    {
+        auto init = T(args);
+        (() @trusted => moveEmplace(init, *result))();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static assert(false,
+                      "Unable to construct value with the given arguments");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    ubyte[4] memory;
+
+    auto i = emplace!int(memory);
+    static assert(is(typeof(i) == int*));
+    assert(*i == 0);
+
+    i = emplace!int(memory, 5);
+    assert(*i == 5);
+
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int i;
+        @disable this();
+        @disable this(this);
+        this(int i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+    }
+    auto s = emplace!S(memory, 8);
+    static assert(is(typeof(s) == S*));
+    assert(s.i == 8);
+}
+
+// Handles "Cannot access frame pointer" error.
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    struct F
+    {
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!F((void[]).init))));
+}
+
+// Can emplace structs without a constructor
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!WithDtor(null, WithDtor()))));
+    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!WithDtor(null))));
+}
+
+// Doesn't call a destructor on uninitialized elements
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct SWithDtor
+    {
+        private bool canBeInvoked = false;
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            assert(this.canBeInvoked);
+        }
+    }
+    void[SWithDtor.sizeof] memory = void;
+    auto actual = emplace!SWithDtor(memory[], SWithDtor(true));
+    assert(actual.canBeInvoked);
+}
+
+// Initializes structs if no arguments are given
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct SEntry
+    {
+        byte content;
+    }
+    ubyte[1] mem = [3];
+
+    assert(emplace!SEntry(cast(void[]) mem[0 .. 1]).content == 0);
+}
+
+// Postblit is called when emplacing a struct
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        bool called = false;
+        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            this.called = true;
+        }
+    }
+    S target;
+    S* sp = &target;
+
+    emplace!S(sp[0 .. 1], S());
+    assert(target.called);
+}
+
+private void deinitialize(bool zero, T)(ref T value)
+{
+    static if (is(T == U[S], U, size_t S))
+    {
+        foreach (ref e; value)
+        {
+            deinitialize!zero(e);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy, fill;
+
+        static if (isNested!T)
+        {
+            // Don't override the context pointer.
+            enum size_t size = T.sizeof - (void*).sizeof;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            enum size_t size = T.sizeof;
+        }
+        static if (zero)
+        {
+            fill!0((cast(void*) &value)[0 .. size]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            copy(typeid(T).initializer()[0 .. size], (&value)[0 .. 1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
+ * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
+ *
+ * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
+ * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
+ * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
+ * accessing it yields an unspecified value. No postblits or destructors are
+ * called. If the $(D_PARAM target) should be destroyed before, use
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL move).
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) must be different objects.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T      = Object type.
+ *  source = Source object.
+ *  target = Target object.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL move),
+ *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateCopyConstructor),
+ *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateDestructor).
+ *
+ * Precondition: `&source !is &target`.
+ */
+void moveEmplace(T)(ref T source, ref T target) @system
+in
+{
+    assert(&source !is &target, "Source and target must be different");
+}
+do
+{
+    static if (is(T == struct) || isStaticArray!T)
+    {
+        import tanya.memory.op : copy;
+
+        copy((&source)[0 .. 1], (&target)[0 .. 1]);
+
+        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+        {
+            static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083) // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
+            {
+                deinitialize!(__traits(isZeroInit, T))(source);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (typeid(T).initializer().ptr is null)
+                {
+                    deinitialize!true(source);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    deinitialize!false(source);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        target = source;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int member = 5;
+
+        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    S source, target = void;
+    moveEmplace(source, target);
+    assert(target.member == 5);
+
+    int x1 = 5, x2;
+    moveEmplace(x1, x2);
+    assert(x2 == 5);
+}
+
+// Is pure.
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    struct S
+    {
+        this(this)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    S source, target = void;
+    static assert(is(typeof({ moveEmplace(source, target); })));
+}
+
+// Moves nested.
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    struct Nested
+    {
+        void method() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    Nested source, target = void;
+    moveEmplace(source, target);
+    assert(source == target);
+}
+
+// Emplaces static arrays.
+@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        size_t member;
+        this(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            this.member = i;
+        }
+        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    S[2] source = [ S(5), S(5) ], target = void;
+    moveEmplace(source, target);
+    assert(source[0].member == 0);
+    assert(target[0].member == 5);
+    assert(source[1].member == 0);
+    assert(target[1].member == 5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
+ * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
+ *
+ * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
+ * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
+ * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
+ * accessing it yields an unspecified value. $(D_PARAM target) is destroyed before
+ * the new value is assigned. If $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized and
+ * therefore shouldn't be destroyed, $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace) can be used.
+ *
+ * If $(D_PARAM target) isn't specified, $(D_PSYMBOL move) returns the source
+ * as rvalue without calling its copy constructor or destructor.
+ *
+ * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) are the same object,
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL move) does nothing.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T      = Object type.
+ *  source = Source object.
+ *  target = Target object.
+ *
+ * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace).
+ */
+void move(T)(ref T source, ref T target)
+{
+    if ((() @trusted => &source is &target)())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+    {
+        target.__xdtor();
+    }
+    (() @trusted => moveEmplace(source, target))();
+}
+
+/// ditto
+T move(T)(ref T source) @trusted
+{
+    static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
+    {
+        T target = void;
+        moveEmplace(source, target);
+        return target;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return source;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static struct S
+    {
+        int member = 5;
+
+        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
+        {
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    S source, target = void;
+    move(source, target);
+    assert(target.member == 5);
+    assert(move(target).member == 5);
+
+    int x1 = 5, x2;
+    move(x1, x2);
+    assert(x2 == 5);
+    assert(move(x2) == 5);
+}
+
+// Moves if source is target.
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int x = 5;
+    move(x, x);
+    assert(x == 5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b).
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL swap) moves the contents of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b)
+ * without calling its postblits or destructors.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  a = The first object.
+ *  b = The second object.
+ */
+void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) @trusted
+{
+    T tmp = void;
+    moveEmplace(a, tmp);
+    moveEmplace(b, a);
+    moveEmplace(tmp, b);
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    int a = 3, b = 5;
+    swap(a, b);
+    assert(a == 5);
+    assert(b == 3);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Forwards its argument list preserving $(D_KEYWORD ref) and $(D_KEYWORD out)
+ * storage classes.
+ *
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL forward) accepts a list of variables or literals. It returns an
+ * argument list of the same length that can be for example passed to a
+ * function accepting the arguments of this type.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  args = Argument list.
+ *
+ * Returns: $(D_PARAM args) with their original storage classes.
+ */
+template forward(args...)
+{
+    static if (args.length == 0)
+    {
+        alias forward = AliasSeq!();
+    }
+    else static if (__traits(isRef, args[0]) || __traits(isOut, args[0]))
+    {
+        static if (args.length == 1)
+        {
+            alias forward = args[0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            alias forward = AliasSeq!(args[0], forward!(args[1 .. $]));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @property auto forwardOne()
+        {
+            return move(args[0]);
+        }
+        static if (args.length == 1)
+        {
+            alias forward = forwardOne;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            alias forward = AliasSeq!(forwardOne, forward!(args[1 .. $]));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(is(typeof((int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
+    static assert(is(typeof((ref int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
+    static assert(is(typeof({
+        void f(int i, ref int j, out int k)
+        {
+            f(forward!(i, j, k));
+        }
+    })));
+}
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/mallocator.d b/memory/tanya/memory/mallocator.d
index fdf7ede..858ad40 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/mallocator.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/mallocator.d
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/mallocator.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/mallocator.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/mallocator.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.mallocator;
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/mmappool.d b/memory/tanya/memory/mmappool.d
index 5c42241..1bc401b 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/mmappool.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/mmappool.d
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/mmappool.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/mmappool.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/mmappool.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.mmappool;
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ final class MmapPool : Allocator
         }
         if (p !is null)
         {
-            copy(p[0 .. min(p.length, size)], reallocP);
+            copy(p[0 .. p.length < size ? p.length : size], reallocP);
             deallocate(p);
         }
         p = reallocP;
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/op.d b/memory/tanya/memory/op.d
index 6005329..d77f3bb 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/op.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/op.d
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/op.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/op.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/op.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.op;
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/package.d b/memory/tanya/memory/package.d
index 8526b5a..98aec48 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/package.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/package.d
@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/package.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory;
 
-import tanya.conv;
 public import tanya.memory.allocator;
 public import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
+deprecated("Use tanya.meta.trait.stateSize instead")
+public import tanya.meta.trait : stateSize;
 
 /**
  * The mixin generates common methods for classes and structs using
@@ -37,11 +38,7 @@ mixin template DefaultAllocator()
      * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator_ !is null)
      */
     this(shared Allocator allocator) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    in
-    {
-        assert(allocator !is null);
-    }
-    do
+    in (allocator !is null)
     {
         this.allocator_ = allocator;
     }
@@ -55,11 +52,7 @@ mixin template DefaultAllocator()
      * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
      */
     @property shared(Allocator) allocator() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    out (allocator)
-    {
-        assert(allocator !is null);
-    }
-    do
+    out (allocator; allocator !is null)
     {
         if (allocator_ is null)
         {
@@ -70,11 +63,7 @@ mixin template DefaultAllocator()
 
     /// ditto
     @property shared(Allocator) allocator() const @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
-    out (allocator)
-    {
-        assert(allocator !is null);
-    }
-    do
+    out (allocator; allocator !is null)
     {
         if (allocator_ is null)
         {
@@ -110,11 +99,7 @@ private shared(Allocator) getAllocatorInstance() @nogc nothrow
  * Postcondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null).
  */
 @property shared(Allocator) defaultAllocator() @nogc nothrow pure @trusted
-out (allocator)
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-}
-do
+out (allocator; allocator !is null)
 {
     return (cast(GetPureInstance!Allocator) &getAllocatorInstance)();
 }
@@ -128,68 +113,12 @@ do
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null).
  */
 @property void defaultAllocator(shared(Allocator) allocator) @nogc nothrow @safe
-in
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-}
-do
+in (allocator !is null)
 {
     .allocator = allocator;
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns the size in bytes of the state that needs to be allocated to hold an
- * object of type $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * There is a difference between the `.sizeof`-property and
- * $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize) if $(D_PARAM T) is a class or an interface.
- * `T.sizeof` is constant on the given architecture then and is the same as
- * `size_t.sizeof` and `ptrdiff_t.sizeof`. This is because classes and
- * interfaces are reference types and `.sizeof` returns the size of the
- * reference which is the same as the size of a pointer. $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize)
- * returns the size of the instance itself.
- *
- * The size of a dynamic array is `size_t.sizeof * 2` since a dynamic array
- * stores its length and a data pointer. The size of the static arrays is
- * calculated differently since they are value types. It is the array length
- * multiplied by the element size.
- *
- * `stateSize!void` is `1` since $(D_KEYWORD void) is mostly used as a synonym
- * for $(D_KEYWORD byte)/$(D_KEYWORD ubyte) in `void*`.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T = Object type.
- *
- * Returns: Size of an instance of type $(D_PARAM T).
- */
-template stateSize(T)
-{
-    static if (isPolymorphicType!T)
-    {
-        enum size_t stateSize = __traits(classInstanceSize, T);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        enum size_t stateSize = T.sizeof;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(stateSize!int == 4);
-    static assert(stateSize!bool == 1);
-    static assert(stateSize!(int[]) == (size_t.sizeof * 2));
-    static assert(stateSize!(short[3]) == 6);
-
-    static struct Empty
-    {
-    }
-    static assert(stateSize!Empty == 1);
-    static assert(stateSize!void == 1);
-}
-
-/**
  * Params:
  *  size      = Raw size.
  *  alignment = Alignment.
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/smartref.d b/memory/tanya/memory/smartref.d
index 90271e7..1fe81f3 100644
--- a/source/tanya/memory/smartref.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/memory/smartref.d
@@ -18,21 +18,18 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/smartref.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/memory/tanya/memory/smartref.d,
  *                 tanya/memory/smartref.d)
  */
 module tanya.memory.smartref;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.conv;
 import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
 version (unittest) import tanya.test.stub;
 
 private template Payload(T)
 {
-    static if (isPolymorphicType!T || isArray!T)
+    static if (isPolymorphicType!T || isDynamicArray!T)
     {
         alias Payload = T;
     }
@@ -529,23 +526,19 @@ do
  *
  * Params:
  *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
  *  size      = Array size.
  *  allocator = Allocator.
  *
  * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL RefCounted!T).
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
  */
-RefCounted!T refCounted(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+RefCounted!T refCounted(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t size)
 @trusted
-if (isArray!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
-}
-do
+in (allocator !is null)
+in (size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
 {
     return RefCounted!T(allocator.make!T(size), allocator);
 }
@@ -852,25 +845,21 @@ do
  *
  * Params:
  *  T         = Array type.
+ *  E         = Array element type.
  *  size      = Array size.
  *  allocator = Allocator.
  *
  * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL Unique!T).
  *
  * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
+ *                           && size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
  */
-Unique!T unique(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t size)
+Unique!T unique(T : E[], E)(shared Allocator allocator, size_t size)
 @trusted
-if (isArray!T)
-in
-{
-    assert(allocator !is null);
-    assert(size <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof);
-}
-do
+in (allocator !is null)
+in (size <= size_t.max / E.sizeof)
 {
-    auto payload = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, size);
+    auto payload = allocator.resize!E(null, size);
     return Unique!T(payload, allocator);
 }
 
diff --git a/source/tanya/test/assertion.d b/memory/tanya/test/assertion.d
index 10105d7..10105d7 100644
--- a/source/tanya/test/assertion.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/test/assertion.d
diff --git a/source/tanya/test/package.d b/memory/tanya/test/package.d
index ab6f861..ab6f861 100644
--- a/source/tanya/test/package.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/test/package.d
diff --git a/source/tanya/test/stub.d b/memory/tanya/test/stub.d
index e1f8dcb..e1f8dcb 100644
--- a/source/tanya/test/stub.d
+++ b/memory/tanya/test/stub.d
diff --git a/meta/dub.json b/meta/dub.json
index c8d2ba7..663d2fd 100644
--- a/meta/dub.json
+++ b/meta/dub.json
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 {
 	"name": "meta",
 	"description": "Template metaprogramming",
-	"targetType": "library"
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	]
 }
diff --git a/meta/source/tanya/meta/metafunction.d b/meta/tanya/meta/metafunction.d
index 6da6b47..a05b5cf 100644
--- a/meta/source/tanya/meta/metafunction.d
+++ b/meta/tanya/meta/metafunction.d
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
  * It contains different algorithms for iterating, searching and modifying
  * template arguments.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2019.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/metafunction.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/metafunction.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/metafunction.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta.metafunction;
diff --git a/meta/source/tanya/meta/package.d b/meta/tanya/meta/package.d
index d93e4fa..f06a166 100644
--- a/meta/source/tanya/meta/package.d
+++ b/meta/tanya/meta/package.d
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
  * to transform from one type to another. It has also different algorithms for
  * iterating, searching and modifying template arguments.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2019.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/package.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta;
diff --git a/meta/source/tanya/meta/trait.d b/meta/tanya/meta/trait.d
index 69b97b9..ebea9ce 100644
--- a/meta/source/tanya/meta/trait.d
+++ b/meta/tanya/meta/trait.d
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
  * Templates in this module are used to obtain type information at compile
  * time.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2019.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/trait.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/trait.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/trait.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta.trait;
@@ -2693,6 +2693,58 @@ if (is(T == class))
 }
 
 /**
+ * Returns the size in bytes of the state that needs to be allocated to hold an
+ * object of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ *
+ * There is a difference between the `.sizeof`-property and
+ * $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize) if $(D_PARAM T) is a class or an interface.
+ * `T.sizeof` is constant on the given architecture then and is the same as
+ * `size_t.sizeof` and `ptrdiff_t.sizeof`. This is because classes and
+ * interfaces are reference types and `.sizeof` returns the size of the
+ * reference which is the same as the size of a pointer. $(D_PSYMBOL stateSize)
+ * returns the size of the instance itself.
+ *
+ * The size of a dynamic array is `size_t.sizeof * 2` since a dynamic array
+ * stores its length and a data pointer. The size of the static arrays is
+ * calculated differently since they are value types. It is the array length
+ * multiplied by the element size.
+ *
+ * `stateSize!void` is `1` since $(D_KEYWORD void) is mostly used as a synonym
+ * for $(D_KEYWORD byte)/$(D_KEYWORD ubyte) in `void*`.
+ *
+ * Params:
+ *  T = Object type.
+ *
+ * Returns: Size of an instance of type $(D_PARAM T).
+ */
+template stateSize(T)
+{
+    static if (isPolymorphicType!T)
+    {
+        enum size_t stateSize = __traits(classInstanceSize, T);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        enum size_t stateSize = T.sizeof;
+    }
+}
+
+///
+@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
+{
+    static assert(stateSize!int == 4);
+    static assert(stateSize!bool == 1);
+    static assert(stateSize!(int[]) == (size_t.sizeof * 2));
+    static assert(stateSize!(short[3]) == 6);
+
+    static struct Empty
+    {
+    }
+    static assert(stateSize!Empty == 1);
+    static assert(stateSize!void == 1);
+}
+
+/**
  * Tests whether $(D_INLINECODE pred(T)) can be used as condition in an
  * $(D_KEYWORD if)-statement or a ternary operator.
  *
diff --git a/meta/source/tanya/meta/transform.d b/meta/tanya/meta/transform.d
index 5697e69..083e7ee 100644
--- a/meta/source/tanya/meta/transform.d
+++ b/meta/tanya/meta/transform.d
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
  * types. They take some type as argument and return a different type after
  * perfoming the specified transformation.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2017-2019.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/meta/transform.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/meta/tanya/meta/transform.d,
  *                 tanya/meta/transform.d)
  */
 module tanya.meta.transform;
diff --git a/os/dub.json b/os/dub.json
index 87df29d..647e24d 100644
--- a/os/dub.json
+++ b/os/dub.json
@@ -5,5 +5,12 @@
 
 	"dependencies": {
 		"tanya:meta": "*"
-	}
+	},
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	]
 }
diff --git a/os/source/tanya/os/error.d b/os/tanya/os/error.d
index b80404a..31c0102 100644
--- a/os/source/tanya/os/error.d
+++ b/os/tanya/os/error.d
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/os/error.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/os/tanya/os/error.d,
  *                 tanya/os/error.d)
  */
 module tanya.os.error;
diff --git a/os/source/tanya/os/package.d b/os/tanya/os/package.d
index c472c05..070ec44 100644
--- a/os/source/tanya/os/package.d
+++ b/os/tanya/os/package.d
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/os/package.d,
+ * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/os/tanya/os/package.d,
  *                 tanya/os/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.os;
diff --git a/source/tanya/algorithm/iteration.d b/source/tanya/algorithm/iteration.d
index 7eae9cd..fcfb1c0 100644
--- a/source/tanya/algorithm/iteration.d
+++ b/source/tanya/algorithm/iteration.d
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 module tanya.algorithm.iteration;
 
 import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range;
diff --git a/source/tanya/algorithm/mutation.d b/source/tanya/algorithm/mutation.d
index f0c156d..ddb2743 100644
--- a/source/tanya/algorithm/mutation.d
+++ b/source/tanya/algorithm/mutation.d
@@ -14,284 +14,21 @@
  */
 module tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 
-import tanya.conv;
 static import tanya.memory.op;
+static import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range;
 version (unittest) import tanya.test.stub;
 
-private void deinitialize(bool zero, T)(ref T value)
-{
-    static if (is(T == U[S], U, size_t S))
-    {
-        foreach (ref e; value)
-        {
-            deinitialize!zero(e);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static if (isNested!T)
-        {
-            // Don't override the context pointer.
-            enum size_t size = T.sizeof - (void*).sizeof;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            enum size_t size = T.sizeof;
-        }
-        static if (zero)
-        {
-            tanya.memory.op.fill!0((cast(void*) &value)[0 .. size]);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            tanya.memory.op.copy(typeid(T).initializer()[0 .. size],
-                                 (&value)[0 .. 1]);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
- * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
- *
- * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
- * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
- * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
- * accessing it yields an unspecified value. No postblits or destructors are
- * called. If the $(D_PARAM target) should be destroyed before, use
- * $(D_PSYMBOL move).
- *
- * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) must be different objects.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T      = Object type.
- *  source = Source object.
- *  target = Target object.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL move),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateCopyConstructor),
- *           $(D_PSYMBOL hasElaborateDestructor).
- *
- * Precondition: `&source !is &target`.
- */
-void moveEmplace(T)(ref T source, ref T target) @system
-in
-{
-    assert(&source !is &target, "Source and target must be different");
-}
-do
-{
-    static if (is(T == struct) || isStaticArray!T)
-    {
-        tanya.memory.op.copy((&source)[0 .. 1], (&target)[0 .. 1]);
-
-        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-        {
-            static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083) // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
-            {
-                deinitialize!(__traits(isZeroInit, T))(source);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (typeid(T).initializer().ptr is null)
-                {
-                    deinitialize!true(source);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    deinitialize!false(source);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        target = source;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int member = 5;
-
-        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            assert(false);
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(target.member == 5);
+deprecated("Use tanya.memory.lifecycle.swap instead")
+alias swap = tanya.memory.lifecycle.swap;
 
-    int x1 = 5, x2;
-    moveEmplace(x1, x2);
-    assert(x2 == 5);
-}
+deprecated("Use tanya.memory.lifecycle.moveEmplace instead")
+alias moveEmplace = tanya.memory.lifecycle.moveEmplace;
 
-// Is pure.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    struct S
-    {
-        this(this)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    static assert(is(typeof({ moveEmplace(source, target); })));
-}
-
-// Moves nested.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    struct Nested
-    {
-        void method() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    Nested source, target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(source == target);
-}
-
-// Emplaces static arrays.
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        size_t member;
-        this(size_t i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.member = i;
-        }
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    S[2] source = [ S(5), S(5) ], target = void;
-    moveEmplace(source, target);
-    assert(source[0].member == 0);
-    assert(target[0].member == 5);
-    assert(source[1].member == 0);
-    assert(target[1].member == 5);
-}
-
-/**
- * Moves $(D_PARAM source) into $(D_PARAM target) assuming that
- * $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized.
- *
- * Moving the $(D_PARAM source) copies it into the $(D_PARAM target) and places
- * the $(D_PARAM source) into a valid but unspecified state, which means that
- * after moving $(D_PARAM source) can be destroyed or assigned a new value, but
- * accessing it yields an unspecified value. $(D_PARAM target) is destroyed before
- * the new value is assigned. If $(D_PARAM target) isn't initialized and
- * therefore shouldn't be destroyed, $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace) can be used.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM target) isn't specified, $(D_PSYMBOL move) returns the source
- * as rvalue without calling its copy constructor or destructor.
- *
- * $(D_PARAM source) and $(D_PARAM target) are the same object,
- * $(D_PSYMBOL move) does nothing.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T      = Object type.
- *  source = Source object.
- *  target = Target object.
- *
- * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL moveEmplace).
- */
-void move(T)(ref T source, ref T target)
-{
-    if ((() @trusted => &source is &target)())
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-    {
-        target.__xdtor();
-    }
-    (() @trusted => moveEmplace(source, target))();
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T move(T)(ref T source) @trusted
-{
-    static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T || hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-    {
-        T target = void;
-        moveEmplace(source, target);
-        return target;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return source;
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int member = 5;
-
-        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            assert(false);
-        }
-    }
-    S source, target = void;
-    move(source, target);
-    assert(target.member == 5);
-    assert(move(target).member == 5);
-
-    int x1 = 5, x2;
-    move(x1, x2);
-    assert(x2 == 5);
-    assert(move(x2) == 5);
-}
-
-// Moves if source is target.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int x = 5;
-    move(x, x);
-    assert(x == 5);
-}
-
-/**
- * Exchanges the values of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b).
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL swap) moves the contents of $(D_PARAM a) and $(D_PARAM b)
- * without calling its postblits or destructors.
- *
- * Params:
- *  a = The first object.
- *  b = The second object.
- */
-void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) @trusted
-{
-    T tmp = void;
-    moveEmplace(a, tmp);
-    moveEmplace(b, a);
-    moveEmplace(tmp, b);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int a = 3, b = 5;
-    swap(a, b);
-    assert(a == 5);
-    assert(b == 3);
-}
+deprecated("Use tanya.memory.lifecycle.move instead")
+alias move = tanya.memory.lifecycle.move;
 
 /**
  * Copies the $(D_PARAM source) range into the $(D_PARAM target) range.
@@ -494,7 +231,7 @@ if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range
         for (; !range.empty; range.popFront())
         {
             ElementType!Range* p = &range.front;
-            emplace!(ElementType!Range)(cast(void[]) (p[0 .. 1]), value);
+            tanya.memory.lifecycle.emplace!(ElementType!Range)(cast(void[]) (p[0 .. 1]), value);
         }
     }
     else
@@ -577,13 +314,7 @@ if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range)
 void destroyAll(Range)(Range range)
 if (isInputRange!Range && hasLvalueElements!Range)
 {
-    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!(ElementType!Range))
-    {
-        foreach (ref e; range)
-        {
-            destroy(e);
-        }
-    }
+    tanya.memory.lifecycle.destroyAllImpl!(Range, ElementType!Range)(range);
 }
 
 ///
@@ -632,7 +363,7 @@ if (isForwardRange!Range && hasSwappableElements!Range)
 
     while (!front.empty && !next.empty && !sameHead(front, next))
     {
-        swap(front.front, next.front);
+        tanya.memory.lifecycle.swap(front.front, next.front);
         front.popFront();
         next.popFront();
 
diff --git a/source/tanya/container/array.d b/source/tanya/container/array.d
index 2b3adfa..1c6842f 100644
--- a/source/tanya/container/array.d
+++ b/source/tanya/container/array.d
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ module tanya.container.array;
 import core.checkedint;
 import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.functional;
 import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
diff --git a/source/tanya/container/entry.d b/source/tanya/container/entry.d
index 1e7e28f..408849a 100644
--- a/source/tanya/container/entry.d
+++ b/source/tanya/container/entry.d
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  */
 module tanya.container.entry;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.array;
 import tanya.memory.allocator;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.typecons;
diff --git a/source/tanya/container/list.d b/source/tanya/container/list.d
index 09a5c9f..e6e01d5 100644
--- a/source/tanya/container/list.d
+++ b/source/tanya/container/list.d
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 module tanya.container.list;
 
 import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.entry;
 import tanya.memory;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
diff --git a/source/tanya/conv.d b/source/tanya/conv.d
index a78c2bb..f602e01 100644
--- a/source/tanya/conv.d
+++ b/source/tanya/conv.d
@@ -14,15 +14,13 @@
  */
 module tanya.conv;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
 import tanya.container.string;
-import tanya.format;
 import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.memory.op;
+deprecated("Use tanya.memory.lifecycle.emplace instead")
+public import tanya.memory.lifecycle : emplace;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
-import tanya.range.array;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
+import tanya.range;
 
 version (unittest)
 {
@@ -31,269 +29,6 @@ version (unittest)
 }
 
 /**
- * Constructs a new object of type $(D_PARAM T) in $(D_PARAM memory) with the
- * given arguments.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is a $(D_KEYWORD class), emplace returns a class reference
- * of type $(D_PARAM T), otherwise a pointer to the constructed object is
- * returned.
- *
- * If $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class inside another class, $(D_PARAM outer)
- * should be an instance of the outer class.
- *
- * $(D_PARAM args) are arguments for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T). If
- * $(D_PARAM T) isn't an aggregate type and doesn't have a constructor,
- * $(D_PARAM memory) can be initialized to `args[0]` if `Args.length == 1`,
- * `Args[0]` should be implicitly convertible to $(D_PARAM T) then.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T     = Constructed type.
- *  U     = Type of the outer class if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
- *  Args  = Types of the constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor
- *          or the type of the initial value.
- *  outer = Outer class instance if $(D_PARAM T) is a nested class.
- *  args  = Constructor arguments if $(D_PARAM T) has a constructor or the
- *          initial value.
- *
- * Returns: New instance of type $(D_PARAM T) constructed in $(D_PARAM memory).
- *
- * Precondition: `memory.length == stateSize!T`.
- * Postcondition: $(D_PARAM memory) and the result point to the same memory.
- */
-T emplace(T, U, Args...)(void[] memory, U outer, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isAbstractClass!T && isInnerClass!T && is(typeof(T.outer) == U))
-in (memory.length >= stateSize!T)
-out (result; memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)())
-{
-    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
-
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
-    result.outer = outer;
-
-    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (is(T == class) && !isAbstractClass!T && !isInnerClass!T)
-in (memory.length == stateSize!T)
-out (result; memory.ptr is (() @trusted => cast(void*) result)())
-{
-    copy(typeid(T).initializer, memory);
-
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T) memory.ptr)();
-    static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    import tanya.memory : stateSize;
-
-    class C
-    {
-        int i = 5;
-        class Inner
-        {
-            int i;
-
-            this(int param) pure nothrow @safe @nogc
-            {
-                this.i = param;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    ubyte[stateSize!C] memory1;
-    ubyte[stateSize!(C.Inner)] memory2;
-
-    auto c = emplace!C(memory1);
-    assert(c.i == 5);
-
-    auto inner = emplace!(C.Inner)(memory2, c, 8);
-    assert(c.i == 5);
-    assert(inner.i == 8);
-    assert(inner.outer is c);
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isAggregateType!T && (Args.length <= 1))
-in (memory.length >= T.sizeof)
-out (result; memory.ptr is result)
-{
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
-    static if (Args.length == 1)
-    {
-        *result = T(args[0]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        *result = T.init;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-private void initializeOne(T)(ref void[] memory, ref T* result) @trusted
-{
-    static if (!hasElaborateAssign!T && isAssignable!T)
-    {
-        *result = T.init;
-    }
-    else static if (__VERSION__ >= 2083 // __traits(isZeroInit) available.
-        && __traits(isZeroInit, T))
-    {
-        memory.ptr[0 .. T.sizeof].fill!0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static immutable T init = T.init;
-        copy((&init)[0 .. 1], memory);
-    }
-}
-
-/// ditto
-T* emplace(T, Args...)(void[] memory, auto ref Args args)
-if (!isPolymorphicType!T && isAggregateType!T)
-in (memory.length >= T.sizeof)
-out (result; memory.ptr is result)
-{
-    auto result = (() @trusted => cast(T*) memory.ptr)();
-
-    static if (Args.length == 0)
-    {
-        static assert(is(typeof({ static T t; })),
-                      "Default constructor is disabled");
-        initializeOne(memory, result);
-    }
-    else static if (is(typeof(result.__ctor(args))))
-    {
-        initializeOne(memory, result);
-        result.__ctor(args);
-    }
-    else static if (Args.length == 1 && is(typeof({ T t = args[0]; })))
-    {
-        ((ref arg) @trusted =>
-            copy((cast(void*) &arg)[0 .. T.sizeof], memory))(args[0]);
-        static if (hasElaborateCopyConstructor!T)
-        {
-            result.__postblit();
-        }
-    }
-    else static if (is(typeof({ T t = T(args); })))
-    {
-        auto init = T(args);
-        (() @trusted => moveEmplace(init, *result))();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static assert(false,
-                      "Unable to construct value with the given arguments");
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    ubyte[4] memory;
-
-    auto i = emplace!int(memory);
-    static assert(is(typeof(i) == int*));
-    assert(*i == 0);
-
-    i = emplace!int(memory, 5);
-    assert(*i == 5);
-
-    static struct S
-    {
-        int i;
-        @disable this();
-        @disable this(this);
-        this(int i) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.i = i;
-        }
-    }
-    auto s = emplace!S(memory, 8);
-    static assert(is(typeof(s) == S*));
-    assert(s.i == 8);
-}
-
-// Handles "Cannot access frame pointer" error.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    struct F
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!F((void[]).init))));
-}
-
-// Can emplace structs without a constructor
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!WithDtor(null, WithDtor()))));
-    static assert(is(typeof(emplace!WithDtor(null))));
-}
-
-// Doesn't call a destructor on uninitialized elements
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct SWithDtor
-    {
-        private bool canBeInvoked = false;
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            assert(this.canBeInvoked);
-        }
-    }
-    void[SWithDtor.sizeof] memory = void;
-    auto actual = emplace!SWithDtor(memory[], SWithDtor(true));
-    assert(actual.canBeInvoked);
-}
-
-// Initializes structs if no arguments are given
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static struct SEntry
-    {
-        byte content;
-    }
-    ubyte[1] mem = [3];
-
-    assert(emplace!SEntry(cast(void[]) mem[0 .. 1]).content == 0);
-}
-
-// Postblit is called when emplacing a struct
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        bool called = false;
-        this(this) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-            this.called = true;
-        }
-    }
-    S target;
-    S* sp = &target;
-
-    emplace!S(sp[0 .. 1], S());
-    assert(target.called);
-}
-
-/**
  * Thrown if a type conversion fails.
  */
 final class ConvException : Exception
diff --git a/source/tanya/functional.d b/source/tanya/functional.d
index f628a51..9a1c3a1 100644
--- a/source/tanya/functional.d
+++ b/source/tanya/functional.d
@@ -2,77 +2,17 @@
  * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
-/**
+/*
  * Functions that manipulate other functions and their argument lists.
  *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018.
+ * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2018-2019.
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
  * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/functional.d,
  *                 tanya/functional.d)
  */
+deprecated("Use tanya.memory.lifecycle instead")
 module tanya.functional;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.meta.metafunction;
-
-/**
- * Forwards its argument list preserving $(D_KEYWORD ref) and $(D_KEYWORD out)
- * storage classes.
- *
- * $(D_PSYMBOL forward) accepts a list of variables or literals. It returns an
- * argument list of the same length that can be for example passed to a
- * function accepting the arguments of this type.
- *
- * Params:
- *  args = Argument list.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM args) with their original storage classes.
- */
-template forward(args...)
-{
-    static if (args.length == 0)
-    {
-        alias forward = AliasSeq!();
-    }
-    else static if (__traits(isRef, args[0]) || __traits(isOut, args[0]))
-    {
-        static if (args.length == 1)
-        {
-            alias forward = args[0];
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            alias forward = AliasSeq!(args[0], forward!(args[1 .. $]));
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        @property auto forwardOne()
-        {
-            return move(args[0]);
-        }
-        static if (args.length == 1)
-        {
-            alias forward = forwardOne;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            alias forward = AliasSeq!(forwardOne, forward!(args[1 .. $]));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    static assert(is(typeof((int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
-    static assert(is(typeof((ref int i) { int v = forward!i; })));
-    static assert(is(typeof({
-        void f(int i, ref int j, out int k)
-        {
-            f(forward!(i, j, k));
-        }
-    })));
-}
+public import tanya.memory.lifecycle : forward;
diff --git a/source/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d b/source/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d
deleted file mode 100644
index 2221af3..0000000
--- a/source/tanya/memory/lifecycle.d
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-/**
- * Lifecycle management functions, types and related exceptions.
- *
- * Copyright: Eugene Wissner 2019.
- * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
- *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
- * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/memory/init.d,
- *                 tanya/memory/init.d)
- */
-module tanya.memory.lifecycle;
-
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.conv;
-import tanya.memory;
-import tanya.meta.trait;
-import tanya.range.primitive;
-
-/**
- * Error thrown if memory allocation fails.
- */
-final class OutOfMemoryError : Error
-{
-    /**
-     * Constructs new error.
-     *
-     * Params:
-     *  msg  = The message for the exception.
-     *  file = The file where the exception occurred.
-     *  line = The line number where the exception occurred.
-     *  next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
-     */
-    this(string msg = "Out of memory",
-         string file = __FILE__,
-         size_t line = __LINE__,
-         Throwable next = null) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    {
-        super(msg, file, line, next);
-    }
-
-    /// ditto
-    this(string msg,
-         Throwable next,
-         string file = __FILE__,
-         size_t line = __LINE__) @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-    {
-        super(msg, file, line, next);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Allocates $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError) in a static storage and throws it.
- *
- * Params:
- *  msg = Custom error message.
- *
- * Throws: $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError).
- */
-void onOutOfMemoryError(string msg = "Out of memory")
-@nogc nothrow pure @trusted
-{
-    static ubyte[stateSize!OutOfMemoryError] memory;
-    alias PureType = OutOfMemoryError function(string) @nogc nothrow pure;
-    throw (cast(PureType) () => emplace!OutOfMemoryError(memory))(msg);
-}
-
-// From druntime
-extern (C)
-private void _d_monitordelete(Object h, bool det) @nogc nothrow pure;
-
-/*
- * Internal function used to create, resize or destroy a dynamic array. It
- * may throw $(D_PSYMBOL OutOfMemoryError). The new
- * allocated part of the array isn't initialized. This function can be trusted
- * only in the data structures that can ensure that the array is
- * allocated/rellocated/deallocated with the same allocator.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Element type of the array being created.
- *  allocator = The allocator used for getting memory.
- *  array     = A reference to the array being changed.
- *  length    = New array length.
- *
- * Returns: $(D_PARAM array).
- */
-package(tanya) T[] resize(T)(shared Allocator allocator,
-                             auto ref T[] array,
-                             const size_t length) @trusted
-{
-    if (length == 0)
-    {
-        if (allocator.deallocate(array))
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            onOutOfMemoryError();
-        }
-    }
-
-    void[] buf = array;
-    if (!allocator.reallocate(buf, length * T.sizeof))
-    {
-        onOutOfMemoryError();
-    }
-    // Casting from void[] is unsafe, but we know we cast to the original type.
-    array = cast(T[]) buf;
-
-    return array;
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int[] p;
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 20);
-    assert(p.length == 20);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 30);
-    assert(p.length == 30);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 10);
-    assert(p.length == 10);
-
-    p = defaultAllocator.resize(p, 0);
-    assert(p is null);
-}
-
-/*
- * Destroys the object.
- * Returns the memory should be freed.
- */
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T* p)
-{
-    if (p is null)
-    {
-        return null;
-    }
-    static if (hasElaborateDestructor!T)
-    {
-        destroy(*p);
-    }
-    return (cast(void*) p)[0 .. T.sizeof];
-}
-
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T p)
-if (isPolymorphicType!T)
-{
-    if (p is null)
-    {
-        return null;
-    }
-    static if (is(T == interface))
-    {
-        version(Windows)
-        {
-            import core.sys.windows.unknwn : IUnknown;
-            static assert(!is(T : IUnknown), "COM interfaces can't be destroyed in "
-                                           ~ __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
-        }
-        auto ob = cast(Object) p;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        alias ob = p;
-    }
-    auto ptr = cast(void*) ob;
-    auto support = ptr[0 .. typeid(ob).initializer.length];
-
-    auto ppv = cast(void**) ptr;
-    if (!*ppv)
-    {
-        return null;
-    }
-    auto pc = cast(ClassInfo*) *ppv;
-    scope (exit)
-    {
-        *ppv = null;
-    }
-
-    auto c = *pc;
-    do
-    {
-        // Assume the destructor is @nogc. Leave it nothrow since the destructor
-        // shouldn't throw and if it does, it is an error anyway.
-        if (c.destructor)
-        {
-            alias DtorType = void function(Object) pure nothrow @safe @nogc;
-            (cast(DtorType) c.destructor)(ob);
-        }
-    }
-    while ((c = c.base) !is null);
-
-    if (ppv[1]) // if monitor is not null
-    {
-        _d_monitordelete(cast(Object) ptr, true);
-    }
-    return support;
-}
-
-package(tanya) void[] finalize(T)(ref T[] p)
-{
-    destroyAll(p);
-    return p;
-}
-
-/**
- * Destroys and deallocates $(D_PARAM p) of type $(D_PARAM T).
- * It is assumed the respective entities had been allocated with the same
- * allocator.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Type of $(D_PARAM p).
- *  allocator = Allocator the $(D_PARAM p) was allocated with.
- *  p         = Object or array to be destroyed.
- */
-void dispose(T)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref T p)
-{
-    () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(finalize(p)); }();
-    p = null;
-}
-
-@nogc nothrow pure @system unittest
-{
-    static struct S
-    {
-        ~this() @nogc nothrow pure @safe
-        {
-        }
-    }
-    auto p = cast(S[]) defaultAllocator.allocate(S.sizeof);
-
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(p);
-}
-
-// Works with interfaces.
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    interface I
-    {
-    }
-    class C : I
-    {
-    }
-    auto c = defaultAllocator.make!C();
-    I i = c;
-
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new class instance of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
- * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Class type.
- *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
- *  allocator = Allocator.
- *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Returns: Newly created $(D_PSYMBOL T).
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
- */
-T make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
-if (is(T == class))
-in (allocator !is null)
-{
-    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
-    if (mem is null)
-    {
-        onOutOfMemoryError();
-    }
-    scope (failure)
-    {
-        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
-    }
-
-    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a value object of type $(D_PARAM T) using $(D_PARAM args)
- * as the parameter list for the constructor of $(D_PARAM T) and returns a
- * pointer to the new object.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Object type.
- *  A         = Types of the arguments to the constructor of $(D_PARAM T).
- *  allocator = Allocator.
- *  args      = Constructor arguments of $(D_PARAM T).
- *
- * Returns: Pointer to the created object.
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null)
- */
-T* make(T, A...)(shared Allocator allocator, auto ref A args)
-if (!is(T == interface)
- && !is(T == class)
- && !isAssociativeArray!T
- && !isArray!T)
-in (allocator !is null)
-{
-    auto mem = (() @trusted => allocator.allocate(stateSize!T))();
-    if (mem is null)
-    {
-        onOutOfMemoryError();
-    }
-    scope (failure)
-    {
-        () @trusted { allocator.deallocate(mem); }();
-    }
-    return emplace!T(mem[0 .. stateSize!T], args);
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int* i = defaultAllocator.make!int(5);
-    assert(*i == 5);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new array with $(D_PARAM n) elements.
- *
- * Params:
- *  T         = Array type.
- *  allocator = Allocator.
- *  n         = Array size.
- *
- * Returns: Newly created array.
- *
- * Precondition: $(D_INLINECODE allocator !is null
- *                           && n <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
- */
-T make(T)(shared Allocator allocator, const size_t n)
-if (isArray!T)
-in (allocator !is null)
-in (n <= size_t.max / ElementType!T.sizeof)
-{
-    auto ret = allocator.resize!(ElementType!T)(null, n);
-    ret.uninitializedFill(ElementType!T.init);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-///
-@nogc nothrow pure @safe unittest
-{
-    int[] i = defaultAllocator.make!(int[])(2);
-    assert(i.length == 2);
-    assert(i[0] == int.init && i[1] == int.init);
-    defaultAllocator.dispose(i);
-}
diff --git a/source/tanya/net/ip.d b/source/tanya/net/ip.d
index 2296eac..2afdfe8 100644
--- a/source/tanya/net/ip.d
+++ b/source/tanya/net/ip.d
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import tanya.container.string;
 import tanya.conv;
 import tanya.encoding.ascii;
 import tanya.format;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.net.iface;
diff --git a/source/tanya/range/adapter.d b/source/tanya/range/adapter.d
index 13f4c1e..bc20e10 100644
--- a/source/tanya/range/adapter.d
+++ b/source/tanya/range/adapter.d
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 module tanya.range.adapter;
 
 import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.functional;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.range;
 
diff --git a/source/tanya/range/primitive.d b/source/tanya/range/primitive.d
index ae604e9..0b192b0 100644
--- a/source/tanya/range/primitive.d
+++ b/source/tanya/range/primitive.d
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 module tanya.range.primitive;
 
 import tanya.algorithm.comparison;
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 import tanya.meta.transform;
 import tanya.range.array;
diff --git a/source/tanya/typecons.d b/source/tanya/typecons.d
index 1407c62..fa09831 100644
--- a/source/tanya/typecons.d
+++ b/source/tanya/typecons.d
@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@
  */
 module tanya.typecons;
 
-import tanya.algorithm.mutation;
-import tanya.conv;
 import tanya.format;
-import tanya.functional;
+import tanya.memory.lifecycle;
 import tanya.meta.metafunction;
 import tanya.meta.trait;
 version (unittest) import tanya.test.stub;
diff --git a/sys/dub.json b/sys/dub.json
index 8fb6d71..9201582 100644
--- a/sys/dub.json
+++ b/sys/dub.json
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 {
 	"name": "sys",
 	"description": "Low-level operating system bindings and definitions",
-	"targetType": "library"
+	"targetType": "library",
+
+	"sourcePaths": [
+		"."
+	],
+	"importPaths": [
+		"."
+	]
 }
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d b/sys/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d
index ccc3fee..5c90ea5 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/linux/syscall.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.linux.syscall;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d
index 86d1465..c206c89 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/ioctl.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.posix.ioctl;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d
index 24a4701..21266ea 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/mman.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/mman.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.posix.mman;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d
index 1cb5b43..c9e3b86 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/net/if_.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.posix.net.if_;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d
index 8924a8d..4f01a66 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/posix/socket.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/posix/socket.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.posix.socket;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/def.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/def.d
index 84b4864..5b7ab59 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/def.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/def.d
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/def.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/def.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.windows.def;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d
index f091427..084b5ca 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,

  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).

  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)

- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d,

- *                 tanya/sys/windows/ifdef.d)

  */

 module tanya.sys.windows.ifdef;

 

diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d
index 37d0f16..450b265 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,

  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).

  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)

- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d,

- *                 tanya/sys/windows/iphlpapi.d)

  */

 module tanya.sys.windows.iphlpapi;

 

diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/package.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/package.d
index 5e9b396..ef03e29 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/package.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/package.d
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/package.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/package.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.windows;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d
index 407b6d2..ba977eb 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/winbase.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.windows.winbase;
 
diff --git a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d
index 931e76b..1c6a452 100644
--- a/sys/source/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d
+++ b/sys/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
  * License: $(LINK2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/,
  *                  Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0).
  * Authors: $(LINK2 mailto:info@caraus.de, Eugene Wissner)
- * Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/caraus-ecms/tanya/blob/master/source/tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d,
- *                 tanya/sys/windows/winsock2.d)
  */
 module tanya.sys.windows.winsock2;