Добавил третью главу занимательного программирования
This commit is contained in:
302
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/geometry.pas
Normal file
302
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/geometry.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
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unit Geometry;
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{$mode ObjFPC}{$H+}
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interface
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uses
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Classes, SysUtils;
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type
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{ Вершины }
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Vertex = record
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x, y, z: Real; { Координаты вершины }
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end;
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{ Ребра }
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Edge = record
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src, dest: Integer; { Индексы соединяемых вершин }
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end;
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Object3D = record
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vertices: array of Vertex; { вершины }
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edges: array of Edge; { ребра }
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xc, yc, zc: Real; { координаты центра объекта }
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end;
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Matrix = array[1..4, 1..4] of Real; { матрица 4x4 }
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Column = array[1..4] of Real; { столбец }
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function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
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function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
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{ умножение матрицы на матрицу }
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function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
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{ умножение матрицы на столбец }
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function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
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{ матрица поворота модели }
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function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
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function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
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function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
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procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
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procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
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procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
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implementation
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function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
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var
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F: TextFile; { исходный файл }
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NV, NE: Integer; { количество вершин, количество ребер }
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Shape: Object3D; { модель }
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i: Integer; { счетчик цикла }
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begin
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AssignFile(F, filename); { открываем исходный файл }
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FileMode := 0; { в режиме "только чтение" }
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Reset(F);
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ReadLn(F, NV); { считываем количество вершин }
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SetLength(Shape.vertices, NV); { и корректируем размер массива }
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for i := 0 to NV - 1 do { считываем каждую вершину }
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ReadLn(F, Shape.vertices[i].x, Shape.vertices[i].y, Shape.vertices[i].z);
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ReadLn(F, NE); { то же для ребер }
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SetLength(Shape.edges, NE);
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for i := 0 to NE - 1 do
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ReadLn(F, Shape.edges[i].src, Shape.edges[i].dest);
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CloseFile(F);
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LoadObject3D := Shape;
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end;
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function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
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begin
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CopyObject3D.vertices := Copy(Shape.vertices, 0);
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CopyObject3D.edges := Copy(Shape.edges, 0);
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CopyObject3D.xc := Shape.xc;
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CopyObject3D.yc := Shape.yc;
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CopyObject3D.zc := Shape.zc
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end;
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function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
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var
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i, j, k: Integer;
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r: Matrix;
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s: Real;
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begin
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for i := 1 to 4 do
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for j := 1 to 4 do
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begin
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s := 0;
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for k := 1 to 4 do
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s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k, j];
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r[i, j] := s;
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end;
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MMMult := r;
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end;
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function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
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var
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k, i: Integer;
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s: Real;
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r: Column;
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begin
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for i := 1 to 4 do { аналогично MMMult }
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begin
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s := 0;
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for k := 1 to 4 do
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s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k];
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r[i] := s;
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end;
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MCMult := r;
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end;
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function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
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var
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xr, yr, zr: Matrix;
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begin
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{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Ox }
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xr[1, 1] := 1;
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xr[1, 2] := 0;
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xr[1, 3] := 0;
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xr[1, 4] := 0;
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xr[2, 1] := 0;
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xr[2, 2] := Cos(xa);
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xr[2, 3] := -Sin(xa);
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xr[2, 4] := 0;
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xr[3, 1] := 0;
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xr[3, 2] := Sin(xa);
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xr[3, 3] := Cos(xa);
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xr[3, 4] := 0;
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xr[4, 1] := 0;
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xr[4, 2] := 0;
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xr[4, 3] := 0;
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xr[4, 4] := 1;
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{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oy }
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yr[1, 1] := Cos(ya);
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yr[1, 2] := 0;
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yr[1, 3] := Sin(ya);
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yr[1, 4] := 0;
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yr[2, 1] := 0;
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yr[2, 2] := 1;
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yr[2, 3] := 0;
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yr[2, 4] := 0;
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yr[3, 1] := -Sin(ya);
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yr[3, 2] := 0;
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yr[3, 3] := Cos(ya);
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yr[3, 4] := 0;
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yr[4, 1] := 0;
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yr[4, 2] := 0;
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yr[4, 3] := 0;
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yr[4, 4] := 1;
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{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oz }
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zr[1, 1] := Cos(za);
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zr[1, 2] := -Sin(za);
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zr[1, 3] := 0;
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zr[1, 4] := 0;
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zr[2, 1] := Sin(za);
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zr[2, 2] := Cos(za);
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zr[2, 3] := 0;
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zr[2, 4] := 0;
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zr[3, 1] := 0;
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zr[3, 2] := 0;
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zr[3, 3] := 1;
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zr[3, 4] := 0;
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zr[4, 1] := 0;
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zr[4, 2] := 0;
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zr[4, 3] := 0;
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zr[4, 4] := 1;
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RotateMatrix := MMMult(MMMult(xr, yr), zr)
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end;
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function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
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begin
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MoveMatrix[1, 1] := 1;
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MoveMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[1, 4] := tx;
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MoveMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[2, 2] := 1;
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MoveMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[2, 4] := ty;
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MoveMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[3, 3] := 1;
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MoveMatrix[3, 4] := tz;
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MoveMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
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MoveMatrix[4, 4] := 1
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end;
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function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
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begin
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ResizeMatrix[1, 1] := sx;
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ResizeMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[1, 4] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[2, 2] := sy;
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ResizeMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[2, 4] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[3, 3] := sz;
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ResizeMatrix[3, 4] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
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ResizeMatrix[4, 4] := 1
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end;
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procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
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var
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rm: Matrix;
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i: Integer;
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c: Column;
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begin
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rm := RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za); { сгенерировать матрицу вращения }
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c[4] := 1; { последний элемент столбца всегда равен единице }
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for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do { цикл по всем вершинам }
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begin { High(a) возвращает верхний индекс массива a }
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c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x; { инициализация столбца }
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c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
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c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
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c := MCMult(rm, c); { вызов преобразования }
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Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1]; { внесение изменений в модель }
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Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2]; { в соответствии с полученным }
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Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3] { результатом преобразования }
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end
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end;
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procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
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var
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mm: Matrix;
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i: Integer;
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c: Column;
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begin
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mm := MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz);
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c[4] := 1;
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for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
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begin
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c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
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c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
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c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
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c := MCMult(mm, c);
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Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
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Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
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Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
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end
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end;
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procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
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var
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mm: Matrix;
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i: Integer;
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c: Column;
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begin
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mm := ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz);
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c[4] := 1;
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for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
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begin
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c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
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c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
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c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
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c := MCMult(mm, c);
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Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
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Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
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Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
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end
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end;
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end.
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90
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
90
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<CONFIG>
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<ProjectOptions>
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<Version Value="12"/>
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<PathDelim Value="\"/>
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<General>
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<SessionStorage Value="InProjectDir"/>
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<Title Value="graphics_3d"/>
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<Scaled Value="True"/>
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<ResourceType Value="res"/>
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<UseXPManifest Value="True"/>
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<XPManifest>
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<DpiAware Value="True"/>
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</XPManifest>
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<Icon Value="0"/>
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</General>
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<BuildModes>
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<Item Name="Default" Default="True"/>
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</BuildModes>
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<PublishOptions>
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<Version Value="2"/>
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<UseFileFilters Value="True"/>
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</PublishOptions>
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<RunParams>
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<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
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</RunParams>
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<RequiredPackages>
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<Item>
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<PackageName Value="LCL"/>
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</Item>
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</RequiredPackages>
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<Units>
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<Unit>
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<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
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<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
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</Unit>
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<Unit>
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||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
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<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
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<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
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<HasResources Value="True"/>
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<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
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<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
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||||
</Unit>
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<Unit>
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||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
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<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
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<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
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</Unit>
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<Unit>
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||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
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||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
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</Unit>
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||||
</Units>
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||||
</ProjectOptions>
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||||
<CompilerOptions>
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||||
<Version Value="11"/>
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<PathDelim Value="\"/>
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<Target>
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<Filename Value="graphics_3d"/>
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</Target>
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<SearchPaths>
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||||
<IncludeFiles Value="$(ProjOutDir)"/>
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||||
<UnitOutputDirectory Value="lib\$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)"/>
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</SearchPaths>
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||||
<Linking>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<DebugInfoType Value="dsDwarf3"/>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
<Options>
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||||
<Win32>
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||||
<GraphicApplication Value="True"/>
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||||
</Win32>
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||||
</Options>
|
||||
</Linking>
|
||||
</CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<Exceptions>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EAbort"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="ECodetoolError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
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||||
<Name Value="EFOpenError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</Exceptions>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
28
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
28
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
||||
program graphics_3d;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
{$IFDEF UNIX}
|
||||
cthreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
{$IFDEF HASAMIGA}
|
||||
athreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
Interfaces, // this includes the LCL widgetset
|
||||
Forms, Octahedron, geometry
|
||||
{ you can add units after this };
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.res}
|
||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
RequireDerivedFormResource:=True;
|
||||
Application.Scaled:=True;
|
||||
{$PUSH}{$WARN 5044 OFF}
|
||||
Application.MainFormOnTaskbar:=True;
|
||||
{$POP}
|
||||
Application.Initialize;
|
||||
Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
|
||||
Application.Run;
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
179
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
179
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectSession>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<BuildModes Active="Default"/>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="-1"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="5"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="39"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
<IsVisibleTab Value="True"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="7"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="23" Y="20"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="39"/>
|
||||
<Bookmarks Count="1">
|
||||
<Item0 X="19" Y="50" Left="1" Top="84" ID="3"/>
|
||||
</Bookmarks>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<LoadedDesigner Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="2"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="70"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="31" Y="302"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="39"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="4" Y="20"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="39"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<DefaultSyntaxHighlighter Value="Text"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
<JumpHistory HistoryIndex="29">
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="125" Column="15" TopLine="112"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="194" Column="64" TopLine="168"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="37" Column="43" TopLine="23"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="172" Column="43" TopLine="158"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="68" Column="39" TopLine="67"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="40" Column="37" TopLine="31"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="139" Column="11" TopLine="128"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="187" TopLine="175"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="172" Column="9" TopLine="164"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="211" Column="17" TopLine="199"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="171" Column="45" TopLine="160"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="257" Column="18" TopLine="247"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="134" Column="7" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="23" TopLine="130"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="70" Column="19" TopLine="60"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="93" Column="12" TopLine="77"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="121"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="27" Column="45" TopLine="11"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="266" TopLine="248"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="31" Column="11" TopLine="19"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="73" Column="23" TopLine="58"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="77" Column="27" TopLine="63"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="37" TopLine="132"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="37" TopLine="136"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="106" Column="23" TopLine="96"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="20" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
</JumpHistory>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
<Modes ActiveMode=""/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
</ProjectSession>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
75
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
75
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
object Form1: TForm1
|
||||
Left = 352
|
||||
Height = 673
|
||||
Top = 32
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Caption = 'Form1'
|
||||
ClientHeight = 673
|
||||
ClientWidth = 600
|
||||
DesignTimePPI = 120
|
||||
object BackScreen: TImage
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Screen: TPaintBox
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object StartStopBtn: TButton
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 472
|
||||
Height = 48
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 118
|
||||
Anchors = [akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Right = 10
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
Caption = 'Пуск'
|
||||
TabOrder = 0
|
||||
OnClick = StartStopBtnClick
|
||||
end
|
||||
object ResizeField: TFloatSpinEdit
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 10
|
||||
Height = 28
|
||||
Top = 635
|
||||
Width = 63
|
||||
Anchors = [akLeft, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Left = 10
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
TabOrder = 1
|
||||
Value = 1
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Label1: TLabel
|
||||
Left = 10
|
||||
Height = 20
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 125
|
||||
Caption = 'Изменить размер'
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
162
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.pas
Normal file
162
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
|
||||
unit Octahedron;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls,
|
||||
Spin, Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
TForm1 = class(TForm)
|
||||
BackScreen: TImage;
|
||||
Label1: TLabel;
|
||||
ResizeField: TFloatSpinEdit;
|
||||
StartStopBtn: TButton;
|
||||
Screen: TPaintBox;
|
||||
procedure StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
|
||||
private
|
||||
|
||||
public
|
||||
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
var
|
||||
Form1: TForm1;
|
||||
IsRunning: Boolean = false;
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.lfm}
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ShowShape(Shape: Object3D); { нарисовать объект }
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, Xs, Ys: Integer;
|
||||
x, y, z: Real;
|
||||
const
|
||||
N = 300; { "глубина" экрана }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.edges) do { цикл по всем ребрам }
|
||||
begin { координаты первой точки ребра }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ вычисляем экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.MoveTo(Xs, Ys);
|
||||
{ координаты второй точки зрения }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ и ее экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.LineTo(Xs, Ys); { рисуем ребро }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
procedure TForm1.StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject); { главная процедура }
|
||||
var
|
||||
oldtime: TDateTime;
|
||||
Model, BackModel: Object3D; { трехмерный объект }
|
||||
Vx, Vy, Vz: Real; { значения составляющих его скорости }
|
||||
pause: Integer;
|
||||
const
|
||||
MSecsPerFrame = 25; { скорость работы (кадров в секунду) }
|
||||
xa = 0.01; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
ya = 0.05; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
za = 0.08; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
if IsRunning then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
IsRunning := false;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Пуск';
|
||||
Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Стоп';
|
||||
IsRunning := true;
|
||||
|
||||
Model := LoadObject3D('octahedron.txt'); { загрузить объект }
|
||||
ResizeShape(Model, ResizeField.Value, ResizeField.Value, ResizeField.Value);
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := 0; { начальное положение }
|
||||
Model.yc := 0; { объекта }
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vx := 10; { и составляющие }
|
||||
Vy := 15; { скорости }
|
||||
Vz := 20;
|
||||
|
||||
while IsRunning do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
oldtime := Now;
|
||||
|
||||
{ отразить от стена (3D-аналог "молекулы в закрытом сосуде") }
|
||||
if Model.xc > BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.xc < -BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := -BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.yc > BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.yc < -BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := -BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.zc > 1000 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 1000;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.zc < 200 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateShape(Model, xa, ya, za); { поворот модели }
|
||||
BackModel := CopyObject3D(Model);
|
||||
MoveShape(Model, Vx, Vy, Vz); { переместить объект }
|
||||
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
ShowShape(Model); { очистить экран и нарисовать объект }
|
||||
{ отобразить объект на основном экране }
|
||||
Screen.Canvas.CopyRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height),
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
Model := CopyObject3D(BackModel);
|
||||
Model.xc := Model.xc + Vx;
|
||||
Model.yc := Model.yc + Vy;
|
||||
Model.zc := Model.zc + Vz;
|
||||
|
||||
Application.ProcessMessages;
|
||||
pause := Round(MSecsPerFrame - (Now - oldtime) * MSecsPerDay);
|
||||
if pause > 0 then Sleep(pause); { задержка }
|
||||
|
||||
if Application.Terminated then Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
20
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.txt
Normal file
20
Занимательное программирование/3/1_move/octahedron.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
6
|
||||
-100 -100 0
|
||||
-100 100 0
|
||||
100 100 0
|
||||
100 -100 0
|
||||
0 0 -141.42
|
||||
0 0 141.42
|
||||
12
|
||||
0 1
|
||||
1 2
|
||||
2 3
|
||||
3 0
|
||||
4 0
|
||||
4 1
|
||||
4 2
|
||||
4 3
|
||||
5 0
|
||||
5 1
|
||||
5 2
|
||||
5 3
|
||||
302
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/geometry.pas
Normal file
302
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/geometry.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
|
||||
unit Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode ObjFPC}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
{ Вершины }
|
||||
Vertex = record
|
||||
x, y, z: Real; { Координаты вершины }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
{ Ребра }
|
||||
Edge = record
|
||||
src, dest: Integer; { Индексы соединяемых вершин }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Object3D = record
|
||||
vertices: array of Vertex; { вершины }
|
||||
edges: array of Edge; { ребра }
|
||||
xc, yc, zc: Real; { координаты центра объекта }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Matrix = array[1..4, 1..4] of Real; { матрица 4x4 }
|
||||
Column = array[1..4] of Real; { столбец }
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на матрицу }
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на столбец }
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
{ матрица поворота модели }
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
var
|
||||
F: TextFile; { исходный файл }
|
||||
NV, NE: Integer; { количество вершин, количество ребер }
|
||||
Shape: Object3D; { модель }
|
||||
i: Integer; { счетчик цикла }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
AssignFile(F, filename); { открываем исходный файл }
|
||||
FileMode := 0; { в режиме "только чтение" }
|
||||
Reset(F);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NV); { считываем количество вершин }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.vertices, NV); { и корректируем размер массива }
|
||||
for i := 0 to NV - 1 do { считываем каждую вершину }
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.vertices[i].x, Shape.vertices[i].y, Shape.vertices[i].z);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NE); { то же для ребер }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.edges, NE);
|
||||
for i := 0 to NE - 1 do
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.edges[i].src, Shape.edges[i].dest);
|
||||
|
||||
CloseFile(F);
|
||||
LoadObject3D := Shape;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
CopyObject3D.vertices := Copy(Shape.vertices, 0);
|
||||
CopyObject3D.edges := Copy(Shape.edges, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
CopyObject3D.xc := Shape.xc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.yc := Shape.yc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.zc := Shape.zc
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, j, k: Integer;
|
||||
r: Matrix;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
for j := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k, j];
|
||||
r[i, j] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
MMMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
var
|
||||
k, i: Integer;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
r: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do { аналогично MMMult }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k];
|
||||
r[i] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
MCMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
xr, yr, zr: Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
xr[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
xr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[2, 2] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 3] := -Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[3, 2] := Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 3] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
yr[1, 1] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[1, 3] := Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
yr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[3, 1] := -Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[3, 3] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
zr[1, 1] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 2] := -Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[2, 1] := Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 2] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
zr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateMatrix := MMMult(MMMult(xr, yr), zr)
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 4] := tx;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 4] := ty;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 4] := tz;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 1] := sx;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 2] := sy;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 3] := sz;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
rm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
rm := RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za); { сгенерировать матрицу вращения }
|
||||
c[4] := 1; { последний элемент столбца всегда равен единице }
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do { цикл по всем вершинам }
|
||||
begin { High(a) возвращает верхний индекс массива a }
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x; { инициализация столбца }
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(rm, c); { вызов преобразования }
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1]; { внесение изменений в модель }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2]; { в соответствии с полученным }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3] { результатом преобразования }
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<General>
|
||||
<SessionStorage Value="InProjectDir"/>
|
||||
<Title Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
<Scaled Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceType Value="res"/>
|
||||
<UseXPManifest Value="True"/>
|
||||
<XPManifest>
|
||||
<DpiAware Value="True"/>
|
||||
</XPManifest>
|
||||
<Icon Value="0"/>
|
||||
</General>
|
||||
<BuildModes>
|
||||
<Item Name="Default" Default="True"/>
|
||||
</BuildModes>
|
||||
<PublishOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="2"/>
|
||||
<UseFileFilters Value="True"/>
|
||||
</PublishOptions>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
<RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<PackageName Value="LCL"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
</ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="11"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Target>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
</Target>
|
||||
<SearchPaths>
|
||||
<IncludeFiles Value="$(ProjOutDir)"/>
|
||||
<UnitOutputDirectory Value="lib\$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)"/>
|
||||
</SearchPaths>
|
||||
<Linking>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<DebugInfoType Value="dsDwarf3"/>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
<Options>
|
||||
<Win32>
|
||||
<GraphicApplication Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Win32>
|
||||
</Options>
|
||||
</Linking>
|
||||
</CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<Exceptions>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EAbort"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="ECodetoolError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EFOpenError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</Exceptions>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
||||
program graphics_3d;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
{$IFDEF UNIX}
|
||||
cthreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
{$IFDEF HASAMIGA}
|
||||
athreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
Interfaces, // this includes the LCL widgetset
|
||||
Forms, Octahedron, geometry
|
||||
{ you can add units after this };
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.res}
|
||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
RequireDerivedFormResource:=True;
|
||||
Application.Scaled:=True;
|
||||
{$PUSH}{$WARN 5044 OFF}
|
||||
Application.MainFormOnTaskbar:=True;
|
||||
{$POP}
|
||||
Application.Initialize;
|
||||
Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
|
||||
Application.Run;
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
175
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
175
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectSession>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<BuildModes Active="Default"/>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="-1"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="5"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="40"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
<IsVisibleTab Value="True"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="39"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="45" Y="55"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="40"/>
|
||||
<Bookmarks Count="1">
|
||||
<Item0 X="17" Y="46" Left="1" Top="78" ID="3"/>
|
||||
</Bookmarks>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<LoadedDesigner Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="2"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="235"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="10" Y="150"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="40"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="4" Y="20"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="40"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<DefaultSyntaxHighlighter Value="Text"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
<JumpHistory HistoryIndex="28">
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="68" Column="39" TopLine="67"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="40" Column="37" TopLine="31"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="139" Column="11" TopLine="128"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="187" TopLine="175"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="172" Column="9" TopLine="164"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="211" Column="17" TopLine="199"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="171" Column="45" TopLine="160"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="257" Column="18" TopLine="247"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="134" Column="7" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="23" TopLine="130"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="70" Column="19" TopLine="60"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="93" Column="12" TopLine="77"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="121"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="27" Column="45" TopLine="11"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="266" TopLine="248"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="31" Column="11" TopLine="19"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="73" Column="23" TopLine="58"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="77" Column="27" TopLine="63"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="37" TopLine="132"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="37" TopLine="136"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="106" Column="23" TopLine="96"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="20" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="10" TopLine="128"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="63" Column="37" TopLine="39"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="61" Column="18" TopLine="40"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
</JumpHistory>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
<Modes ActiveMode=""/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
</ProjectSession>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
75
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
75
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
object Form1: TForm1
|
||||
Left = 352
|
||||
Height = 673
|
||||
Top = 32
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Caption = 'Form1'
|
||||
ClientHeight = 673
|
||||
ClientWidth = 600
|
||||
DesignTimePPI = 120
|
||||
object BackScreen: TImage
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Screen: TPaintBox
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object StartStopBtn: TButton
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 472
|
||||
Height = 48
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 118
|
||||
Anchors = [akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Right = 10
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
Caption = 'Пуск'
|
||||
TabOrder = 0
|
||||
OnClick = StartStopBtnClick
|
||||
end
|
||||
object ResizeField: TFloatSpinEdit
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 10
|
||||
Height = 28
|
||||
Top = 635
|
||||
Width = 63
|
||||
Anchors = [akLeft, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Left = 10
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
TabOrder = 1
|
||||
Value = 1
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Label1: TLabel
|
||||
Left = 10
|
||||
Height = 20
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 125
|
||||
Caption = 'Изменить размер'
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
156
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.pas
Normal file
156
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
|
||||
unit Octahedron;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls,
|
||||
Spin, Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
TForm1 = class(TForm)
|
||||
BackScreen: TImage;
|
||||
Label1: TLabel;
|
||||
ResizeField: TFloatSpinEdit;
|
||||
StartStopBtn: TButton;
|
||||
Screen: TPaintBox;
|
||||
procedure StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
|
||||
private
|
||||
|
||||
public
|
||||
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
var
|
||||
Form1: TForm1;
|
||||
IsRunning: Boolean = false;
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.lfm}
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ShowShape(Shape: Object3D); { нарисовать объект }
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, Xs, Ys: Integer;
|
||||
x, y: Real;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.edges) do { цикл по всем ребрам }
|
||||
begin { координаты первой точки ребра }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
{ вычисляем экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + x);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + y);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.MoveTo(Xs, Ys);
|
||||
{ координаты второй точки зрения }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + x);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + y);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.LineTo(Xs, Ys); { рисуем ребро }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
procedure TForm1.StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject); { главная процедура }
|
||||
var
|
||||
oldtime: TDateTime;
|
||||
Model, BackModel: Object3D; { трехмерный объект }
|
||||
Vx, Vy, Vz: Real; { значения составляющих его скорости }
|
||||
pause: Integer;
|
||||
const
|
||||
MSecsPerFrame = 25; { скорость работы (кадров в секунду) }
|
||||
xa = 0.01; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
ya = 0.05; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
za = 0.08; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
if IsRunning then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
IsRunning := false;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Пуск';
|
||||
Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Стоп';
|
||||
IsRunning := true;
|
||||
|
||||
Model := LoadObject3D('octahedron.txt'); { загрузить объект }
|
||||
ResizeShape(Model, ResizeField.Value, ResizeField.Value, ResizeField.Value);
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := 0; { начальное положение }
|
||||
Model.yc := 0; { объекта }
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vx := 10; { и составляющие }
|
||||
Vy := 15; { скорости }
|
||||
Vz := 20;
|
||||
|
||||
while IsRunning do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
oldtime := Now;
|
||||
|
||||
{ отразить от стена (3D-аналог "молекулы в закрытом сосуде") }
|
||||
if Model.xc > BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.xc < -BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := -BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.yc > BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.yc < -BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := -BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.zc > 1000 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 1000;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.zc < 200 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateShape(Model, xa, ya, za); { поворот модели }
|
||||
BackModel := CopyObject3D(Model);
|
||||
MoveShape(Model, Vx, Vy, Vz); { переместить объект }
|
||||
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
ShowShape(Model); { очистить экран и нарисовать объект }
|
||||
{ отобразить объект на основном экране }
|
||||
Screen.Canvas.CopyRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height),
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
Model := CopyObject3D(BackModel);
|
||||
Model.xc := Model.xc + Vx;
|
||||
Model.yc := Model.yc + Vy;
|
||||
Model.zc := Model.zc + Vz;
|
||||
|
||||
Application.ProcessMessages;
|
||||
pause := Round(MSecsPerFrame - (Now - oldtime) * MSecsPerDay);
|
||||
if pause > 0 then Sleep(pause); { задержка }
|
||||
|
||||
if Application.Terminated then Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
20
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.txt
Normal file
20
Занимательное программирование/3/2_projection/octahedron.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
6
|
||||
-100 -100 0
|
||||
-100 100 0
|
||||
100 100 0
|
||||
100 -100 0
|
||||
0 0 -141.42
|
||||
0 0 141.42
|
||||
12
|
||||
0 1
|
||||
1 2
|
||||
2 3
|
||||
3 0
|
||||
4 0
|
||||
4 1
|
||||
4 2
|
||||
4 3
|
||||
5 0
|
||||
5 1
|
||||
5 2
|
||||
5 3
|
||||
302
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/geometry.pas
Normal file
302
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/geometry.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
|
||||
unit Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode ObjFPC}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
{ Вершины }
|
||||
Vertex = record
|
||||
x, y, z: Real; { Координаты вершины }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
{ Ребра }
|
||||
Edge = record
|
||||
src, dest: Integer; { Индексы соединяемых вершин }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Object3D = record
|
||||
vertices: array of Vertex; { вершины }
|
||||
edges: array of Edge; { ребра }
|
||||
xc, yc, zc: Real; { координаты центра объекта }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Matrix = array[1..4, 1..4] of Real; { матрица 4x4 }
|
||||
Column = array[1..4] of Real; { столбец }
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на матрицу }
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на столбец }
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
{ матрица поворота модели }
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
var
|
||||
F: TextFile; { исходный файл }
|
||||
NV, NE: Integer; { количество вершин, количество ребер }
|
||||
Shape: Object3D; { модель }
|
||||
i: Integer; { счетчик цикла }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
AssignFile(F, filename); { открываем исходный файл }
|
||||
FileMode := 0; { в режиме "только чтение" }
|
||||
Reset(F);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NV); { считываем количество вершин }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.vertices, NV); { и корректируем размер массива }
|
||||
for i := 0 to NV - 1 do { считываем каждую вершину }
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.vertices[i].x, Shape.vertices[i].y, Shape.vertices[i].z);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NE); { то же для ребер }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.edges, NE);
|
||||
for i := 0 to NE - 1 do
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.edges[i].src, Shape.edges[i].dest);
|
||||
|
||||
CloseFile(F);
|
||||
LoadObject3D := Shape;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
CopyObject3D.vertices := Copy(Shape.vertices, 0);
|
||||
CopyObject3D.edges := Copy(Shape.edges, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
CopyObject3D.xc := Shape.xc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.yc := Shape.yc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.zc := Shape.zc
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, j, k: Integer;
|
||||
r: Matrix;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
for j := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k, j];
|
||||
r[i, j] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
MMMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
var
|
||||
k, i: Integer;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
r: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do { аналогично MMMult }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k];
|
||||
r[i] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
MCMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
xr, yr, zr: Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
xr[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
xr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[2, 2] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 3] := -Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[3, 2] := Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 3] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
yr[1, 1] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[1, 3] := Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
yr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[3, 1] := -Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[3, 3] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
zr[1, 1] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 2] := -Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[2, 1] := Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 2] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
zr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateMatrix := MMMult(MMMult(xr, yr), zr)
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 4] := tx;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 4] := ty;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 4] := tz;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 1] := sx;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 2] := sy;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 3] := sz;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
rm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
rm := RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za); { сгенерировать матрицу вращения }
|
||||
c[4] := 1; { последний элемент столбца всегда равен единице }
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do { цикл по всем вершинам }
|
||||
begin { High(a) возвращает верхний индекс массива a }
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x; { инициализация столбца }
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(rm, c); { вызов преобразования }
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1]; { внесение изменений в модель }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2]; { в соответствии с полученным }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3] { результатом преобразования }
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
90
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
90
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<General>
|
||||
<SessionStorage Value="InProjectDir"/>
|
||||
<Title Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
<Scaled Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceType Value="res"/>
|
||||
<UseXPManifest Value="True"/>
|
||||
<XPManifest>
|
||||
<DpiAware Value="True"/>
|
||||
</XPManifest>
|
||||
<Icon Value="0"/>
|
||||
</General>
|
||||
<BuildModes>
|
||||
<Item Name="Default" Default="True"/>
|
||||
</BuildModes>
|
||||
<PublishOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="2"/>
|
||||
<UseFileFilters Value="True"/>
|
||||
</PublishOptions>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
<RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<PackageName Value="LCL"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
</ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="11"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Target>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
</Target>
|
||||
<SearchPaths>
|
||||
<IncludeFiles Value="$(ProjOutDir)"/>
|
||||
<UnitOutputDirectory Value="lib\$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)"/>
|
||||
</SearchPaths>
|
||||
<Linking>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<DebugInfoType Value="dsDwarf3"/>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
<Options>
|
||||
<Win32>
|
||||
<GraphicApplication Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Win32>
|
||||
</Options>
|
||||
</Linking>
|
||||
</CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<Exceptions>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EAbort"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="ECodetoolError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EFOpenError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</Exceptions>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
29
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
29
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
program graphics_3d;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
{$IFDEF UNIX}
|
||||
cthreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
{$IFDEF HASAMIGA}
|
||||
athreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
Interfaces, // this includes the LCL widgetset
|
||||
Forms, Octahedron, geometry
|
||||
{ you can add units after this };
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.res}
|
||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Randomize;
|
||||
RequireDerivedFormResource:=True;
|
||||
Application.Scaled:=True;
|
||||
{$PUSH}{$WARN 5044 OFF}
|
||||
Application.MainFormOnTaskbar:=True;
|
||||
{$POP}
|
||||
Application.Initialize;
|
||||
Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
|
||||
Application.Run;
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
180
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
180
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectSession>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<BuildModes Active="Default"/>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="13" Y="19"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="53"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
<IsVisibleTab Value="True"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="62"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="18" Y="79"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="53"/>
|
||||
<Bookmarks Count="1">
|
||||
<Item0 X="17" Y="48" Left="1" Top="84" ID="3"/>
|
||||
</Bookmarks>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<LoadedDesigner Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="3"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="238"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="20" Y="183"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="53"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="2"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="4" Y="20"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="53"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<DefaultSyntaxHighlighter Value="Text"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
<JumpHistory HistoryIndex="29">
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="257" Column="18" TopLine="247"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="134" Column="7" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="23" TopLine="130"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="70" Column="19" TopLine="60"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="93" Column="12" TopLine="77"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="121"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="27" Column="45" TopLine="11"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="266" TopLine="248"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="31" Column="11" TopLine="19"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="73" Column="23" TopLine="58"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="77" Column="27" TopLine="63"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="37" TopLine="132"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="37" TopLine="136"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="106" Column="23" TopLine="96"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="20" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="10" TopLine="128"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="63" Column="37" TopLine="39"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="61" Column="18" TopLine="40"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="46" Column="38" TopLine="32"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="42" TopLine="40"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="175" Column="32" TopLine="166"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="95" Column="28" TopLine="85"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="5" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="17" Column="5" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="78" Column="25" TopLine="66"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="72" Column="20" TopLine="61"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
</JumpHistory>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
<Modes ActiveMode=""/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
</ProjectSession>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
53
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
53
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
object Form1: TForm1
|
||||
Left = 352
|
||||
Height = 673
|
||||
Top = 32
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Caption = 'Form1'
|
||||
ClientHeight = 673
|
||||
ClientWidth = 600
|
||||
DesignTimePPI = 120
|
||||
object BackScreen: TImage
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Screen: TPaintBox
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object StartStopBtn: TButton
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 241
|
||||
Height = 48
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 118
|
||||
Anchors = [akLeft, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
Caption = 'Пуск'
|
||||
TabOrder = 0
|
||||
OnClick = StartStopBtnClick
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
157
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.pas
Normal file
157
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
||||
unit Octahedron;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls,
|
||||
Spin, Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
TForm1 = class(TForm)
|
||||
BackScreen: TImage;
|
||||
StartStopBtn: TButton;
|
||||
Screen: TPaintBox;
|
||||
procedure StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
|
||||
private
|
||||
|
||||
public
|
||||
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
var
|
||||
Form1: TForm1;
|
||||
IsRunning: Boolean = false;
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.lfm}
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ShowShape(Shape: Object3D); { нарисовать объект }
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, Xs, Ys: Integer;
|
||||
x, y, z: Real;
|
||||
const
|
||||
N = 300; { "глубина" экрана }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.edges) do { цикл по всем ребрам }
|
||||
begin { координаты первой точки ребра }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ вычисляем экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.MoveTo(Xs, Ys);
|
||||
{ координаты второй точки зрения }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ и ее экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.LineTo(Xs, Ys); { рисуем ребро }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
procedure TForm1.StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject); { главная процедура }
|
||||
var
|
||||
oldtime: TDateTime;
|
||||
Model: Object3D; { трехмерный объект }
|
||||
Vx, Vy, Vz: Real; { значения составляющих его скорости }
|
||||
xa, ya, za: Real;
|
||||
pause: Integer;
|
||||
const
|
||||
MSecsPerFrame = 25; { скорость работы (кадров в секунду) }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
xa := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
ya := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
za := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
|
||||
if IsRunning then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
IsRunning := false;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Пуск';
|
||||
Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Стоп';
|
||||
IsRunning := true;
|
||||
|
||||
Model := LoadObject3D('octahedron.txt'); { загрузить объект }
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := (Screen.Width div 2) - Random(Screen.Width); { начальное положение }
|
||||
Model.yc := (Screen.Height div 2) - Random(Screen.Height); { объекта }
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vx := 10 - Random(20); { и составляющие }
|
||||
Vy := 15 - Random(30); { скорости }
|
||||
Vz := 20 - Random(40);
|
||||
|
||||
while IsRunning do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
oldtime := Now;
|
||||
|
||||
{ отразить от стена (3D-аналог "молекулы в закрытом сосуде") }
|
||||
if Model.xc > BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.xc < -BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := -BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.yc > BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.yc < -BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := -BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.zc > 1000 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 1000;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.zc < 200 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateShape(Model, xa, ya, za); { поворот модели }
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
ShowShape(Model); { очистить экран и нарисовать объект }
|
||||
{ отобразить объект на основном экране }
|
||||
Screen.Canvas.CopyRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height),
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := Model.xc + Vx;
|
||||
Model.yc := Model.yc + Vy;
|
||||
Model.zc := Model.zc + Vz;
|
||||
|
||||
Application.ProcessMessages;
|
||||
pause := Round(MSecsPerFrame - (Now - oldtime) * MSecsPerDay);
|
||||
if pause > 0 then Sleep(pause); { задержка }
|
||||
|
||||
if Application.Terminated then Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
20
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.txt
Normal file
20
Занимательное программирование/3/3_random/octahedron.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
6
|
||||
-100 -100 0
|
||||
-100 100 0
|
||||
100 100 0
|
||||
100 -100 0
|
||||
0 0 -141.42
|
||||
0 0 141.42
|
||||
12
|
||||
0 1
|
||||
1 2
|
||||
2 3
|
||||
3 0
|
||||
4 0
|
||||
4 1
|
||||
4 2
|
||||
4 3
|
||||
5 0
|
||||
5 1
|
||||
5 2
|
||||
5 3
|
||||
302
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/geometry.pas
Normal file
302
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/geometry.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
|
||||
unit Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode ObjFPC}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
{ Вершины }
|
||||
Vertex = record
|
||||
x, y, z: Real; { Координаты вершины }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
{ Ребра }
|
||||
Edge = record
|
||||
src, dest: Integer; { Индексы соединяемых вершин }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Object3D = record
|
||||
vertices: array of Vertex; { вершины }
|
||||
edges: array of Edge; { ребра }
|
||||
xc, yc, zc: Real; { координаты центра объекта }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Matrix = array[1..4, 1..4] of Real; { матрица 4x4 }
|
||||
Column = array[1..4] of Real; { столбец }
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на матрицу }
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на столбец }
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
{ матрица поворота модели }
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
function LoadObject3D(filename: String): Object3D;
|
||||
var
|
||||
F: TextFile; { исходный файл }
|
||||
NV, NE: Integer; { количество вершин, количество ребер }
|
||||
Shape: Object3D; { модель }
|
||||
i: Integer; { счетчик цикла }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
AssignFile(F, filename); { открываем исходный файл }
|
||||
FileMode := 0; { в режиме "только чтение" }
|
||||
Reset(F);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NV); { считываем количество вершин }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.vertices, NV); { и корректируем размер массива }
|
||||
for i := 0 to NV - 1 do { считываем каждую вершину }
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.vertices[i].x, Shape.vertices[i].y, Shape.vertices[i].z);
|
||||
|
||||
ReadLn(F, NE); { то же для ребер }
|
||||
SetLength(Shape.edges, NE);
|
||||
for i := 0 to NE - 1 do
|
||||
ReadLn(F, Shape.edges[i].src, Shape.edges[i].dest);
|
||||
|
||||
CloseFile(F);
|
||||
LoadObject3D := Shape;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
CopyObject3D.vertices := Copy(Shape.vertices, 0);
|
||||
CopyObject3D.edges := Copy(Shape.edges, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
CopyObject3D.xc := Shape.xc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.yc := Shape.yc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.zc := Shape.zc
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, j, k: Integer;
|
||||
r: Matrix;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
for j := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k, j];
|
||||
r[i, j] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
MMMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
var
|
||||
k, i: Integer;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
r: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do { аналогично MMMult }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k];
|
||||
r[i] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
MCMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
xr, yr, zr: Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
xr[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
xr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[2, 2] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 3] := -Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[3, 2] := Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 3] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
yr[1, 1] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[1, 3] := Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
yr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[3, 1] := -Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[3, 3] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
zr[1, 1] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 2] := -Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[2, 1] := Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 2] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
zr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateMatrix := MMMult(MMMult(xr, yr), zr)
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 4] := tx;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 4] := ty;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 4] := tz;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 1] := sx;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 2] := sy;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 3] := sz;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(var Shape: Object3D; xa, ya, za: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
rm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
rm := RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za); { сгенерировать матрицу вращения }
|
||||
c[4] := 1; { последний элемент столбца всегда равен единице }
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do { цикл по всем вершинам }
|
||||
begin { High(a) возвращает верхний индекс массива a }
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x; { инициализация столбца }
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(rm, c); { вызов преобразования }
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1]; { внесение изменений в модель }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2]; { в соответствии с полученным }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3] { результатом преобразования }
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(var Shape: Object3D; tx, ty, tz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
90
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
90
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<General>
|
||||
<SessionStorage Value="InProjectDir"/>
|
||||
<Title Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
<Scaled Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceType Value="res"/>
|
||||
<UseXPManifest Value="True"/>
|
||||
<XPManifest>
|
||||
<DpiAware Value="True"/>
|
||||
</XPManifest>
|
||||
<Icon Value="0"/>
|
||||
</General>
|
||||
<BuildModes>
|
||||
<Item Name="Default" Default="True"/>
|
||||
</BuildModes>
|
||||
<PublishOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="2"/>
|
||||
<UseFileFilters Value="True"/>
|
||||
</PublishOptions>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
<RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<PackageName Value="LCL"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
</ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="11"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Target>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
</Target>
|
||||
<SearchPaths>
|
||||
<IncludeFiles Value="$(ProjOutDir)"/>
|
||||
<UnitOutputDirectory Value="lib\$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)"/>
|
||||
</SearchPaths>
|
||||
<Linking>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<DebugInfoType Value="dsDwarf3"/>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
<Options>
|
||||
<Win32>
|
||||
<GraphicApplication Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Win32>
|
||||
</Options>
|
||||
</Linking>
|
||||
</CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<Exceptions>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EAbort"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="ECodetoolError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EFOpenError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</Exceptions>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
29
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
29
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
program graphics_3d;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
{$IFDEF UNIX}
|
||||
cthreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
{$IFDEF HASAMIGA}
|
||||
athreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
Interfaces, // this includes the LCL widgetset
|
||||
Forms, Octahedron, geometry
|
||||
{ you can add units after this };
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.res}
|
||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Randomize;
|
||||
RequireDerivedFormResource:=True;
|
||||
Application.Scaled:=True;
|
||||
{$PUSH}{$WARN 5044 OFF}
|
||||
Application.MainFormOnTaskbar:=True;
|
||||
{$POP}
|
||||
Application.Initialize;
|
||||
Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
|
||||
Application.Run;
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
180
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
180
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectSession>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<BuildModes Active="Default"/>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="13" Y="19"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="54"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
<IsVisibleTab Value="True"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="112"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="18" Y="79"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="54"/>
|
||||
<Bookmarks Count="1">
|
||||
<Item0 X="17" Y="48" Left="1" Top="84" ID="3"/>
|
||||
</Bookmarks>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<LoadedDesigner Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="3"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="238"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="20" Y="183"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="54"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="2"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="13" Y="9"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="54"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<DefaultSyntaxHighlighter Value="Text"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
<JumpHistory HistoryIndex="29">
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="257" Column="18" TopLine="247"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="134" Column="7" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="126"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="23" TopLine="130"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="70" Column="19" TopLine="60"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="93" Column="12" TopLine="77"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="137" Column="14" TopLine="121"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="27" Column="45" TopLine="11"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="266" TopLine="248"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="31" Column="11" TopLine="19"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="73" Column="23" TopLine="58"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="77" Column="27" TopLine="63"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="37" TopLine="132"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="146" Column="37" TopLine="136"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="106" Column="23" TopLine="96"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="18"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="20" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="19" Column="23" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="143" Column="10" TopLine="128"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="63" Column="37" TopLine="39"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="61" Column="18" TopLine="40"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="46" Column="38" TopLine="32"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="42" TopLine="40"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="175" Column="32" TopLine="166"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="95" Column="28" TopLine="85"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="18" Column="5" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="17" Column="5" TopLine="7"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="78" Column="25" TopLine="66"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="72" Column="20" TopLine="61"/>
|
||||
</Position>
|
||||
</JumpHistory>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
<Modes ActiveMode=""/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
</ProjectSession>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
53
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
53
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
object Form1: TForm1
|
||||
Left = 352
|
||||
Height = 673
|
||||
Top = 32
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Caption = 'Form1'
|
||||
ClientHeight = 673
|
||||
ClientWidth = 600
|
||||
DesignTimePPI = 120
|
||||
object BackScreen: TImage
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Screen: TPaintBox
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object StartStopBtn: TButton
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 241
|
||||
Height = 48
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 118
|
||||
Anchors = [akLeft, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
Caption = 'Пуск'
|
||||
TabOrder = 0
|
||||
OnClick = StartStopBtnClick
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
157
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.pas
Normal file
157
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
||||
unit Octahedron;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls,
|
||||
Spin, Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
TForm1 = class(TForm)
|
||||
BackScreen: TImage;
|
||||
StartStopBtn: TButton;
|
||||
Screen: TPaintBox;
|
||||
procedure StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
|
||||
private
|
||||
|
||||
public
|
||||
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
var
|
||||
Form1: TForm1;
|
||||
IsRunning: Boolean = false;
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.lfm}
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ShowShape(Shape: Object3D); { нарисовать объект }
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, Xs, Ys: Integer;
|
||||
x, y, z: Real;
|
||||
const
|
||||
N = 300; { "глубина" экрана }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.edges) do { цикл по всем ребрам }
|
||||
begin { координаты первой точки ребра }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ вычисляем экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.MoveTo(Xs, Ys);
|
||||
{ координаты второй точки зрения }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ и ее экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.LineTo(Xs, Ys); { рисуем ребро }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
procedure TForm1.StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject); { главная процедура }
|
||||
var
|
||||
oldtime: TDateTime;
|
||||
Model: Object3D; { трехмерный объект }
|
||||
Vx, Vy, Vz: Real; { значения составляющих его скорости }
|
||||
xa, ya, za: Real;
|
||||
pause: Integer;
|
||||
const
|
||||
MSecsPerFrame = 25; { скорость работы (кадров в секунду) }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
xa := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
ya := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
za := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
|
||||
if IsRunning then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
IsRunning := false;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Пуск';
|
||||
Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Стоп';
|
||||
IsRunning := true;
|
||||
|
||||
Model := LoadObject3D('octahedron.txt'); { загрузить объект }
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := (Screen.Width div 2) - Random(Screen.Width); { начальное положение }
|
||||
Model.yc := (Screen.Height div 2) - Random(Screen.Height); { объекта }
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vx := 10 - Random(20); { и составляющие }
|
||||
Vy := 15 - Random(30); { скорости }
|
||||
Vz := 20 - Random(40);
|
||||
|
||||
while IsRunning do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
oldtime := Now;
|
||||
|
||||
{ отразить от стена (3D-аналог "молекулы в закрытом сосуде") }
|
||||
if Model.xc > BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.xc < -BackScreen.Width div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.xc := -BackScreen.Width div 2;
|
||||
Vx := -Vx;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.yc > BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.yc < -BackScreen.Height div 2 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.yc := -BackScreen.Height div 2;
|
||||
Vy := -Vy;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Model.zc > 1000 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 1000;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Model.zc < 200 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Model.zc := 200;
|
||||
Vz := -Vz;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateShape(Model, xa, ya, za); { поворот модели }
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
ShowShape(Model); { очистить экран и нарисовать объект }
|
||||
{ отобразить объект на основном экране }
|
||||
Screen.Canvas.CopyRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height),
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
Model.xc := Model.xc + Vx;
|
||||
Model.yc := Model.yc + Vy;
|
||||
Model.zc := Model.zc + Vz;
|
||||
|
||||
Application.ProcessMessages;
|
||||
pause := Round(MSecsPerFrame - (Now - oldtime) * MSecsPerDay);
|
||||
if pause > 0 then Sleep(pause); { задержка }
|
||||
|
||||
if Application.Terminated then Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
22
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.txt
Normal file
22
Занимательное программирование/3/4_cube/octahedron.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
8
|
||||
-100 -100 -100
|
||||
-100 100 -100
|
||||
100 100 -100
|
||||
100 -100 -100
|
||||
-100 -100 100
|
||||
-100 100 100
|
||||
100 100 100
|
||||
100 -100 100
|
||||
12
|
||||
0 1
|
||||
1 2
|
||||
2 3
|
||||
3 0
|
||||
4 5
|
||||
5 6
|
||||
6 7
|
||||
7 4
|
||||
0 4
|
||||
1 5
|
||||
2 6
|
||||
3 7
|
||||
344
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/geometry.pas
Normal file
344
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/geometry.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
|
||||
unit Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode ObjFPC}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
{ Вершины }
|
||||
Vertex = record
|
||||
x, y, z: Real; { Координаты вершины }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
{ Ребра }
|
||||
Edge = record
|
||||
src, dest: Integer; { Индексы соединяемых вершин }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Object3D = class
|
||||
public
|
||||
vertices: array of Vertex; { вершины }
|
||||
edges: array of Edge; { ребра }
|
||||
xc, yc, zc: Real; { координаты центра объекта }
|
||||
vx, vy, vz: Real; { значения составляющих его скорости }
|
||||
xa, ya, za: Real; { скорость вращения вокруг оси }
|
||||
|
||||
constructor Create(var center, velocity, axis: Vertex);
|
||||
|
||||
procedure MoveCenter();
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
Matrix = array[1..4, 1..4] of Real; { матрица 4x4 }
|
||||
Column = array[1..4] of Real; { столбец }
|
||||
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на матрицу }
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
{ умножение матрицы на столбец }
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
{ матрица поворота модели }
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(Shape: Object3D);
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(Shape: Object3D; Width, Height: Real);
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
constructor Object3D.Create(var center, velocity, axis: Vertex);
|
||||
const
|
||||
size = 10;
|
||||
cubeVertices: array of Vertex = (
|
||||
(x: -size; y: -size; z: -size),
|
||||
(x: -size; y: size; z: -size),
|
||||
(x: size; y: size; z: -size),
|
||||
(x: size; y: -size; z: -size),
|
||||
(x: -size; y: -size; z: size),
|
||||
(x: -size; y: size; z: size),
|
||||
(x: size; y: size; z: size),
|
||||
(x: size; y: -size; z: size)
|
||||
);
|
||||
cubeEdges: array of Edge = (
|
||||
(src: 0; dest: 1),
|
||||
(src: 1; dest: 2),
|
||||
(src: 2; dest: 3),
|
||||
(src: 3; dest: 0),
|
||||
(src: 4; dest: 5),
|
||||
(src: 5; dest: 6),
|
||||
(src: 6; dest: 7),
|
||||
(src: 7; dest: 4),
|
||||
(src: 0; dest: 4),
|
||||
(src: 1; dest: 5),
|
||||
(src: 2; dest: 6),
|
||||
(src: 3; dest: 7)
|
||||
);
|
||||
begin
|
||||
vertices := cubeVertices;
|
||||
edges := cubeEdges;
|
||||
xc := center.x;
|
||||
yc := center.y;
|
||||
zc := center.z;
|
||||
vx := velocity.x;
|
||||
vy := velocity.y;
|
||||
vz := velocity.z;
|
||||
xa := axis.x;
|
||||
ya := axis.y;
|
||||
za := axis.z
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure Object3D.MoveCenter();
|
||||
begin
|
||||
xc := xc + Vx;
|
||||
yc := yc + Vy;
|
||||
zc := zc + Vz
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function CopyObject3D(Shape: Object3D): Object3D;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
CopyObject3D.vertices := Copy(Shape.vertices, 0);
|
||||
CopyObject3D.edges := Copy(Shape.edges, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
CopyObject3D.xc := Shape.xc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.yc := Shape.yc;
|
||||
CopyObject3D.zc := Shape.zc
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MMMult(lhs, rhs: Matrix): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, j, k: Integer;
|
||||
r: Matrix;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
for j := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k, j];
|
||||
r[i, j] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
MMMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MCMult(lhs: Matrix; rhs: Column): Column;
|
||||
var
|
||||
k, i: Integer;
|
||||
s: Real;
|
||||
r: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 1 to 4 do { аналогично MMMult }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
s := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
for k := 1 to 4 do
|
||||
s := s + lhs[i, k] * rhs[k];
|
||||
r[i] := s;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
MCMult := r;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function RotateMatrix(xa, ya, za: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
var
|
||||
xr, yr, zr: Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
xr[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
xr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[2, 2] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 3] := -Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[3, 2] := Sin(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 3] := Cos(xa);
|
||||
xr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
xr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
xr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
yr[1, 1] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[1, 3] := Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
yr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[3, 1] := -Sin(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[3, 3] := Cos(ya);
|
||||
yr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
yr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
yr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
{ матрица поворота вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
zr[1, 1] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 2] := -Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[2, 1] := Sin(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 2] := Cos(za);
|
||||
zr[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
zr[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
zr[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
zr[4, 4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
RotateMatrix := MMMult(MMMult(xr, yr), zr)
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function MoveMatrix(tx, ty, tz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 1] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[1, 4] := tx;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 2] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[2, 4] := ty;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 3] := 1;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[3, 4] := tz;
|
||||
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
MoveMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
function ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz: Real): Matrix;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 1] := sx;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[1, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 2] := sy;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[2, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 3] := sz;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[3, 4] := 0;
|
||||
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 1] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 2] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 3] := 0;
|
||||
ResizeMatrix[4, 4] := 1
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure RotateShape(Shape: Object3D);
|
||||
var
|
||||
rm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
rm := RotateMatrix(Shape.xa, Shape.ya, Shape.za); { сгенерировать матрицу вращения }
|
||||
c[4] := 1; { последний элемент столбца всегда равен единице }
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do { цикл по всем вершинам }
|
||||
begin { High(a) возвращает верхний индекс массива a }
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x; { инициализация столбца }
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(rm, c); { вызов преобразования }
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1]; { внесение изменений в модель }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2]; { в соответствии с полученным }
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3] { результатом преобразования }
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure MoveShape(Shape: Object3D; Width, Height: Real);
|
||||
begin
|
||||
if Shape.xc > Width then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.xc := Width;
|
||||
Shape.Vx := -Shape.Vx
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Shape.xc < -Width then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.xc := -Width;
|
||||
Shape.Vx := -Shape.Vx
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Shape.yc > Height then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.yc := Height;
|
||||
Shape.Vy := -Shape.Vy
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Shape.yc < -Height then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.yc := -Height;
|
||||
Shape.Vy := -Shape.Vy
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
if Shape.zc > 500 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.zc := 500;
|
||||
Shape.Vz := -Shape.Vz
|
||||
end;
|
||||
if Shape.zc < 200 then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Shape.zc := 200;
|
||||
Shape.Vz := -Shape.Vz
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ResizeShape(var Shape: Object3D; sx, sy, sz: Real);
|
||||
var
|
||||
mm: Matrix;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
c: Column;
|
||||
begin
|
||||
mm := ResizeMatrix(sx, sy, sz);
|
||||
c[4] := 1;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.vertices) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
c[1] := Shape.vertices[i].x;
|
||||
c[2] := Shape.vertices[i].y;
|
||||
c[3] := Shape.vertices[i].z;
|
||||
|
||||
c := MCMult(mm, c);
|
||||
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].x := c[1];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].y := c[2];
|
||||
Shape.vertices[i].z := c[3]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
90
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
90
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lpi
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<General>
|
||||
<SessionStorage Value="InProjectDir"/>
|
||||
<Title Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
<Scaled Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceType Value="res"/>
|
||||
<UseXPManifest Value="True"/>
|
||||
<XPManifest>
|
||||
<DpiAware Value="True"/>
|
||||
</XPManifest>
|
||||
<Icon Value="0"/>
|
||||
</General>
|
||||
<BuildModes>
|
||||
<Item Name="Default" Default="True"/>
|
||||
</BuildModes>
|
||||
<PublishOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="2"/>
|
||||
<UseFileFilters Value="True"/>
|
||||
</PublishOptions>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
<RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<PackageName Value="LCL"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</RequiredPackages>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
</ProjectOptions>
|
||||
<CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Version Value="11"/>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Target>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d"/>
|
||||
</Target>
|
||||
<SearchPaths>
|
||||
<IncludeFiles Value="$(ProjOutDir)"/>
|
||||
<UnitOutputDirectory Value="lib\$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)"/>
|
||||
</SearchPaths>
|
||||
<Linking>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<DebugInfoType Value="dsDwarf3"/>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
<Options>
|
||||
<Win32>
|
||||
<GraphicApplication Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Win32>
|
||||
</Options>
|
||||
</Linking>
|
||||
</CompilerOptions>
|
||||
<Debugging>
|
||||
<Exceptions>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EAbort"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="ECodetoolError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
<Item>
|
||||
<Name Value="EFOpenError"/>
|
||||
</Item>
|
||||
</Exceptions>
|
||||
</Debugging>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
29
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
29
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lpr
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
program graphics_3d;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
{$IFDEF UNIX}
|
||||
cthreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
{$IFDEF HASAMIGA}
|
||||
athreads,
|
||||
{$ENDIF}
|
||||
Interfaces, // this includes the LCL widgetset
|
||||
Forms, Octahedron, geometry
|
||||
{ you can add units after this };
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.res}
|
||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
Randomize;
|
||||
RequireDerivedFormResource:=True;
|
||||
Application.Scaled:=True;
|
||||
{$PUSH}{$WARN 5044 OFF}
|
||||
Application.MainFormOnTaskbar:=True;
|
||||
{$POP}
|
||||
Application.Initialize;
|
||||
Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
|
||||
Application.Run;
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
179
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
179
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/graphics_3d.lps
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<CONFIG>
|
||||
<ProjectSession>
|
||||
<PathDelim Value="\"/>
|
||||
<Version Value="12"/>
|
||||
<BuildModes Active="Default"/>
|
||||
<Units>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="graphics_3d.lpr"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="20"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="58"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ComponentName Value="Form1"/>
|
||||
<HasResources Value="True"/>
|
||||
<ResourceBaseClass Value="Form"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Octahedron"/>
|
||||
<IsVisibleTab Value="True"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="13"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="23" Y="21"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="58"/>
|
||||
<Bookmarks Count="1">
|
||||
<Item0 X="17" Y="48" Left="1" Top="79" ID="3"/>
|
||||
</Bookmarks>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
<LoadedDesigner Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="geometry.pas"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<UnitName Value="Geometry"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="2"/>
|
||||
<TopLine Value="50"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="29" Y="52"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="58"/>
|
||||
<Loaded Value="True"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
<Unit>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.txt"/>
|
||||
<IsPartOfProject Value="True"/>
|
||||
<EditorIndex Value="-1"/>
|
||||
<CursorPos X="15" Y="13"/>
|
||||
<UsageCount Value="58"/>
|
||||
<DefaultSyntaxHighlighter Value="Text"/>
|
||||
</Unit>
|
||||
</Units>
|
||||
<JumpHistory HistoryIndex="29">
|
||||
<Position>
|
||||
<Filename Value="octahedron.pas"/>
|
||||
<Caret Line="81" Column="24" TopLine="56"/>
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
</JumpHistory>
|
||||
<RunParams>
|
||||
<FormatVersion Value="2"/>
|
||||
<Modes ActiveMode=""/>
|
||||
</RunParams>
|
||||
</ProjectSession>
|
||||
</CONFIG>
|
||||
54
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
54
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/octahedron.lfm
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
object Form1: TForm1
|
||||
Left = 352
|
||||
Height = 673
|
||||
Top = 32
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Caption = 'Form1'
|
||||
ClientHeight = 673
|
||||
ClientWidth = 600
|
||||
DesignTimePPI = 120
|
||||
LCLVersion = '4.2.0.0'
|
||||
object BackScreen: TImage
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object Screen: TPaintBox
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideTop.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = StartStopBtn
|
||||
Left = 0
|
||||
Height = 600
|
||||
Top = 0
|
||||
Width = 600
|
||||
Anchors = [akTop, akLeft, akRight, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 15
|
||||
end
|
||||
object StartStopBtn: TButton
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideLeft.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideRight.Side = asrCenter
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Control = Owner
|
||||
AnchorSideBottom.Side = asrBottom
|
||||
Left = 241
|
||||
Height = 48
|
||||
Top = 615
|
||||
Width = 118
|
||||
Anchors = [akLeft, akBottom]
|
||||
BorderSpacing.Bottom = 10
|
||||
Caption = 'Пуск'
|
||||
TabOrder = 0
|
||||
OnClick = StartStopBtnClick
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
129
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/octahedron.pas
Normal file
129
Занимательное программирование/3/5_ideal_gas/octahedron.pas
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
|
||||
unit Octahedron;
|
||||
|
||||
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
|
||||
|
||||
interface
|
||||
|
||||
uses
|
||||
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls,
|
||||
Geometry;
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
TForm1 = class(TForm)
|
||||
BackScreen: TImage;
|
||||
StartStopBtn: TButton;
|
||||
Screen: TPaintBox;
|
||||
procedure StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
|
||||
private
|
||||
Model: array[1..10] of Object3D; { трехмерный объект }
|
||||
public
|
||||
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
var
|
||||
Form1: TForm1;
|
||||
IsRunning: Boolean = false;
|
||||
|
||||
implementation
|
||||
|
||||
{$R *.lfm}
|
||||
|
||||
procedure ShowShape(Shape: Object3D); { нарисовать объект }
|
||||
var
|
||||
i, Xs, Ys: Integer;
|
||||
x, y, z: Real;
|
||||
const
|
||||
N = 300; { "глубина" экрана }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
for i := 0 to High(Shape.edges) do { цикл по всем ребрам }
|
||||
begin { координаты первой точки ребра }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].src].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ вычисляем экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.MoveTo(Xs, Ys);
|
||||
{ координаты второй точки зрения }
|
||||
x := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].x + Shape.xc;
|
||||
y := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].y + Shape.yc;
|
||||
z := Shape.vertices[Shape.edges[i].dest].z + Shape.zc;
|
||||
if Abs(z) < 0.01 then z := 0.01; { избегаем деления на нуль }
|
||||
{ и ее экранные координаты }
|
||||
Xs := Round(Form1.Screen.Width div 2 + N * x / z);
|
||||
Ys := Round(Form1.Screen.Height div 2 + N * y / z);
|
||||
|
||||
Form1.BackScreen.Canvas.LineTo(Xs, Ys); { рисуем ребро }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
{ TForm1 }
|
||||
|
||||
procedure TForm1.StartStopBtnClick(Sender: TObject); { главная процедура }
|
||||
var
|
||||
oldtime: TDateTime;
|
||||
pause: Integer;
|
||||
center, velocity, axis: Vertex;
|
||||
i: Integer;
|
||||
const
|
||||
MSecsPerFrame = 25; { скорость работы (кадров в секунду) }
|
||||
begin
|
||||
if IsRunning then
|
||||
begin
|
||||
IsRunning := false;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Пуск';
|
||||
for i := 1 to Length(Model) do
|
||||
FreeAndNil(Model[i]);
|
||||
Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
StartStopBtn.Caption := 'Стоп';
|
||||
IsRunning := true;
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 1 to Length(Model) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
axis.x := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Ox }
|
||||
axis.y := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oy }
|
||||
axis.z := Random(10) / 100; { скорость вращения вокруг оси Oz }
|
||||
velocity.x := 10 - Random(20); { и составляющие }
|
||||
velocity.y := 15 - Random(30); { скорости }
|
||||
velocity.z := 20 - Random(40);
|
||||
center.x := (Screen.Width div 2) - Random(Screen.Width); { начальное положение }
|
||||
center.y := (Screen.Width div 2) - Random(Screen.Width); { начальное положение }
|
||||
center.z := Random(300) + 200;
|
||||
Model[i] := Object3D.Create(center, velocity, axis) { загрузить объект }
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
while IsRunning do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
oldtime := Now;
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
for i := 1 to Length(Model) do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
{ отразить от стена (3D-аналог "молекулы в закрытом сосуде") }
|
||||
MoveShape(Model[i], BackScreen.Width div 2, BackScreen.Height div 2);
|
||||
|
||||
RotateShape(Model[i]); { поворот модели }
|
||||
ShowShape(Model[i]); { очистить экран и нарисовать объект }
|
||||
Model[i].MoveCenter()
|
||||
end;
|
||||
{ отобразить объект на основном экране }
|
||||
Screen.Canvas.CopyRect(Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height),
|
||||
BackScreen.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Screen.Width, Screen.Height));
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Application.ProcessMessages;
|
||||
pause := Round(MSecsPerFrame - (Now - oldtime) * MSecsPerDay);
|
||||
if pause > 0 then Sleep(pause); { задержка }
|
||||
|
||||
if Application.Terminated then Exit;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
end;
|
||||
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user