diff --git a/src/Language/GraphQL/AST/Transform.hs b/src/Language/GraphQL/AST/Transform.hs
index 93fb557..d70a163 100644
--- a/src/Language/GraphQL/AST/Transform.hs
+++ b/src/Language/GraphQL/AST/Transform.hs
@@ -94,17 +94,21 @@ collectFragments = do
         _ <- fragmentDefinition nextValue
         collectFragments
 
-fragmentDefinition :: Full.FragmentDefinition -> TransformT (NonEmpty Core.Selection)
+fragmentDefinition ::
+    Full.FragmentDefinition ->
+    TransformT (NonEmpty Core.Selection)
 fragmentDefinition (Full.FragmentDefinition name _tc _dirs sels) = do
+    modify deleteFragmentDefinition
     selections <- traverse selection sels
     let newValue = either id pure =<< selections
-    modify $ moveFragment newValue
+    modify $ insertFragment newValue
     liftJust newValue
   where
-    moveFragment newValue (Replacement fullFragments emptyFragDefs) =
-        let newFragments = HashMap.insert name newValue fullFragments
-            newDefinitions = HashMap.delete name emptyFragDefs
-         in Replacement newFragments newDefinitions
+    deleteFragmentDefinition (Replacement fragments' fragmentDefinitions') =
+        Replacement fragments' $ HashMap.delete name fragmentDefinitions'
+    insertFragment newValue (Replacement fragments' fragmentDefinitions') =
+        let newFragments = HashMap.insert name newValue fragments'
+         in Replacement newFragments fragmentDefinitions'
 
 field :: Full.Field -> TransformT Core.Field
 field (Full.Field a n args _dirs sels) = do
diff --git a/tests/Test/FragmentSpec.hs b/tests/Test/FragmentSpec.hs
index a102104..69f1344 100644
--- a/tests/Test/FragmentSpec.hs
+++ b/tests/Test/FragmentSpec.hs
@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@ import Data.List.NonEmpty (NonEmpty(..))
 import Data.Text (Text)
 import Language.GraphQL
 import qualified Language.GraphQL.Schema as Schema
-import Test.Hspec (Spec, describe, it, shouldBe, shouldNotSatisfy)
+import Test.Hspec ( Spec
+                  , describe
+                  , it
+                  , shouldBe
+                  , shouldSatisfy
+                  , shouldNotSatisfy
+                  )
 import Text.RawString.QQ (r)
 
 size :: Schema.Resolver IO
@@ -37,6 +43,10 @@ inlineQuery = [r|{
   }
 }|]
 
+hasErrors :: Value -> Bool
+hasErrors (Object object') = HashMap.member "errors" object'
+hasErrors _ = True
+
 spec :: Spec
 spec = describe "Inline fragment executor" $ do
     it "chooses the first selection if the type matches" $ do
@@ -91,9 +101,7 @@ spec = describe "Inline fragment executor" $ do
         }|]
 
         actual <- graphql (size :| []) query
-        let hasErrors (Object object') = HashMap.member "errors" object'
-            hasErrors _ = True
-         in actual `shouldNotSatisfy` hasErrors
+        actual `shouldNotSatisfy` hasErrors
 
     it "evaluates nested fragments" $ do
         let query = [r|
@@ -140,3 +148,17 @@ spec = describe "Inline fragment executor" $ do
                     ]
                 ]
          in actual `shouldBe` expected
+
+    it "rejects recursive" $ do
+        let query = [r|
+          {
+            ...circumferenceFragment
+          }
+
+          fragment circumferenceFragment on Hat {
+            ...circumferenceFragment
+          }
+        |]
+
+        actual <- graphql (circumference :| []) query
+        actual `shouldSatisfy` hasErrors