Add rake task to build a cross toolchain

.ruby-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.3.5

elna.cabal

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ extra-doc-files: TODO README
 common warnings
     build-depends:
         base >=4.7 && <5,
+        bytestring ^>= 0.12.1,
         megaparsec ^>= 9.6,
+        vector ^>= 0.13.1,
         text ^>= 2.0
     ghc-options: -Wall
     default-extensions:
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ common warnings
         ExplicitForAll,
         LambdaCase,
         OverloadedStrings,
+        DuplicateRecordFields,
         RecordWildCards
     default-language: GHC2021
 
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ library elna-internal
         Language.Elna.Intermediate
         Language.Elna.Location
         Language.Elna.NameAnalysis
+        Language.Elna.Object.Elf
         Language.Elna.Parser
         Language.Elna.SymbolTable
         Language.Elna.TypeAnalysis
@@ -45,7 +49,6 @@ library elna-internal
         hashable ^>= 1.4.3,
         parser-combinators ^>= 1.3,
         transformers ^>= 0.6.1,
-        vector ^>= 0.13.1,
         unordered-containers ^>= 0.2.20
     hs-source-dirs: lib
 

lib/Language/Elna/Object/Elf.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+module Language.Elna.Object.Elf
+    ( ByteOrder(..)
+    , Elf32_Addr
+    , Elf32_Off
+    , Elf32_Half
+    , Elf32_Word
+    , Elf32_Sword
+    , Elf32_Ehdr(..)
+    , Elf32_Rel(..)
+    , Elf32_Rela(..)
+    , Elf32_Shdr(..)
+    , Elf32_Sym(..)
+    , ElfEncodingError(..)
+    , ElfIdentification(..)
+    , ElfMachine(..)
+    , ElfVersion(..)
+    , ElfClass(..)
+    , ElfData(..)
+    , ElfType(..)
+    , ElfSectionType(..)
+    , ElfSymbolBinding(..)
+    , ElfSymbolType(..)
+    , elf32Addr
+    , elf32Half
+    , elf32Off
+    , elf32Shdr
+    , elf32Sword
+    , elf32Word
+    , elf32Ehdr
+    , elf32Rel
+    , elf32Rela
+    , elf32Sym
+    , elfIdentification
+    , rInfo
+    , stInfo
+    ) where
+
+import Control.Exception (Exception(..))
+import Data.Bits (Bits(..))
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Builder as ByteString.Builder
+import Data.Int (Int32)
+import Data.Word (Word8, Word16, Word32)
+import qualified Data.ByteString as ByteString
+
+-- * Data types.
+
+type Elf32_Addr = Word32 -- ^ Unsigned program address.
+type Elf32_Half = Word16 -- ^ Unsigned medium integer.
+type Elf32_Off = Word32 -- ^ Unsigned file offset.
+type Elf32_Sword = Int32 -- ^ Signed large integer.
+type Elf32_Word = Word32 -- ^ Unsigned large integer.
+
+data ElfClass
+    = ELFCLASSNONE -- ^ Invalid class.
+    | ELFCLASS32 -- ^ 32-bit objects.
+    | ELFCLASS64 -- ^ 64-bit objects.
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Show ElfClass
+  where
+    show ELFCLASSNONE = "ELFCLASSNONE"
+    show ELFCLASS32 = "ELFCLASS32"
+    show ELFCLASS64 = "ELFCLASS64"
+
+instance Enum ElfClass
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = ELFCLASSNONE
+    toEnum 1 = ELFCLASS32
+    toEnum 2 = ELFCLASS64
+    toEnum _ = error "Unknown Elf class"
+    fromEnum ELFCLASSNONE = 0
+    fromEnum ELFCLASS32 = 1
+    fromEnum ELFCLASS64 = 1
+
+-- | Data encoding.
+data ElfData
+    = ELFDATANONE 
+    | ELFDATA2LSB
+    | ELFDATA2MSB
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Show ElfData
+  where
+    show ELFDATANONE = "ELFDATANONE"
+    show ELFDATA2LSB = "ELFDATA2LSB"
+    show ELFDATA2MSB = "ELFDATA2MSB"
+
+instance Enum ElfData
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = ELFDATANONE
+    toEnum 1 = ELFDATA2LSB
+    toEnum 2 = ELFDATA2MSB
+    toEnum _ = error "Unknown elf data"
+    fromEnum ELFDATANONE = 0
+    fromEnum ELFDATA2LSB = 1
+    fromEnum ELFDATA2MSB = 2
+
+data ElfIdentification = ElfIdentification ElfClass ElfData
+    deriving Eq
+
+-- | ELF header.
+data Elf32_Ehdr = Elf32_Ehdr
+    { e_ident :: ElfIdentification
+    , e_type :: ElfType
+    , e_machine :: ElfMachine
+    , e_version :: ElfVersion
+    , e_entry :: Elf32_Addr
+    , e_phoff :: Elf32_Off
+    , e_shoff :: Elf32_Off
+    , e_flags :: Elf32_Word
+    , e_ehsize :: Elf32_Half
+    , e_phentsize :: Elf32_Half
+    , e_phnum :: Elf32_Half
+    , e_shentsize :: Elf32_Half
+    , e_shnum :: Elf32_Half
+    , e_shstrndx :: Elf32_Half
+    } deriving Eq
+
+-- | Section header.
+data Elf32_Shdr = Elf32_Shdr
+    { sh_name :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_type :: ElfSectionType
+    , sh_flags :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_addr :: Elf32_Addr
+    , sh_offset :: Elf32_Off
+    , sh_size :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_link :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_info :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_addralign :: Elf32_Word
+    , sh_entsize :: Elf32_Word
+    } deriving Eq
+
+data ElfMachine
+    = ElfMachine Elf32_Half
+    | EM_NONE -- ^ No machine.
+    | EM_M32 -- ^ AT&T WE 32100.
+    | EM_SPARC -- ^ SPARC.
+    | EM_386 -- ^ Intel Architecture.
+    | EM_68K -- ^ Motorola 68000.
+    | EM_88K -- ^ Motorola 88000.
+    | EM_860 -- ^ Intel 80860.
+    | EM_MIPS -- ^ MIPS RS3000 Big-Endian.
+    | EM_MIPS_RS4_BE -- ^ MIPS RS4000 Big-Endian.
+    | EM_RISCV -- ^ RISC-V.
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfMachine
+  where
+    toEnum 0x0 = EM_NONE
+    toEnum 0x1 = EM_M32
+    toEnum 0x2 = EM_SPARC
+    toEnum 0x3 = EM_386
+    toEnum 0x4 = EM_68K
+    toEnum 0x5 = EM_88K
+    toEnum 0x7 = EM_860
+    toEnum 0x8 = EM_MIPS
+    toEnum 0xa = EM_MIPS_RS4_BE
+    toEnum 0xf3 = EM_RISCV
+    toEnum x = ElfMachine $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum EM_NONE = 0x0
+    fromEnum EM_M32 = 0x1
+    fromEnum EM_SPARC = 0x2
+    fromEnum EM_386 = 0x3
+    fromEnum EM_68K = 0x4
+    fromEnum EM_88K = 0x5
+    fromEnum EM_860 = 0x7
+    fromEnum EM_MIPS = 0x8
+    fromEnum EM_MIPS_RS4_BE = 0xa
+    fromEnum EM_RISCV = 0xf3
+    fromEnum (ElfMachine x) = fromIntegral x
+
+data ElfVersion
+    = ElfVersion Elf32_Word
+    | EV_NONE -- ^ Invalid versionn.
+    | EV_CURRENT -- ^ Current version.
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfVersion
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = EV_NONE
+    toEnum 1 = EV_CURRENT
+    toEnum x = ElfVersion $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum EV_NONE = 0
+    fromEnum EV_CURRENT = 1
+    fromEnum (ElfVersion x) = fromIntegral x
+
+data ElfType
+    = ElfType Elf32_Half
+    | ET_NONE -- ^ No file type.
+    | ET_REL -- ^ Relocatable file.
+    | ET_EXEC -- ^ Executable file.
+    | ET_DYN -- ^ Shared object file.
+    | ET_CORE -- ^ Core file.
+    | ET_LOPROC -- ^ Processor-specific.
+    | ET_HIPROC -- ^ Processor-specific.
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfType
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = ET_NONE
+    toEnum 1 = ET_REL
+    toEnum 2 = ET_EXEC
+    toEnum 3 = ET_DYN
+    toEnum 4 = ET_CORE
+    toEnum 0xff00 = ET_LOPROC
+    toEnum 0xffff = ET_HIPROC
+    toEnum x = ElfType $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum ET_NONE = 0
+    fromEnum ET_REL = 1
+    fromEnum ET_EXEC = 2
+    fromEnum ET_DYN = 3
+    fromEnum ET_CORE = 4
+    fromEnum ET_LOPROC = 0xff00
+    fromEnum ET_HIPROC = 0xffff
+    fromEnum (ElfType x) = fromIntegral x
+
+data Elf32_Sym = Elf32_Sym
+    { st_name :: Elf32_Word
+    , st_value :: Elf32_Addr
+    , st_size :: Elf32_Word
+    , st_info :: Word8
+    , st_other :: Word8
+    , st_shndx :: Elf32_Half 
+    } deriving Eq
+
+data ElfSymbolBinding
+    = ElfSymbolBinding Word8
+    | STB_LOCAL
+    | STB_GLOBAL
+    | STB_WEAK
+    | STB_LOPROC
+    | STB_HIPROC
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfSymbolBinding
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = STB_LOCAL
+    toEnum 1 = STB_GLOBAL
+    toEnum 2 = STB_WEAK
+    toEnum 13 = STB_LOPROC
+    toEnum 15 = STB_HIPROC
+    toEnum x = ElfSymbolBinding $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum STB_LOCAL = 0
+    fromEnum STB_GLOBAL = 1
+    fromEnum STB_WEAK = 2
+    fromEnum STB_LOPROC = 13
+    fromEnum STB_HIPROC = 15
+    fromEnum (ElfSymbolBinding x) = fromIntegral x
+
+data ElfSymbolType
+    = ElfSymbolType Word8
+    | STT_NOTYPE
+    | STT_OBJECT
+    | STT_FUNC
+    | STT_SECTION
+    | STT_FILE
+    | STT_LOPROC
+    | STT_HIPROC
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfSymbolType
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = STT_NOTYPE
+    toEnum 1 = STT_OBJECT
+    toEnum 2 = STT_FUNC
+    toEnum 3 = STT_SECTION
+    toEnum 4 = STT_FILE
+    toEnum 13 = STT_LOPROC
+    toEnum 15 = STT_HIPROC
+    toEnum x = ElfSymbolType $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum STT_NOTYPE = 0
+    fromEnum STT_OBJECT = 1
+    fromEnum STT_FUNC = 2
+    fromEnum STT_SECTION = 3
+    fromEnum STT_FILE = 4
+    fromEnum STT_LOPROC = 13
+    fromEnum STT_HIPROC = 15
+    fromEnum (ElfSymbolType x) = fromIntegral x
+
+data Elf32_Rel = Elf32_Rel
+    { r_offset :: Elf32_Addr
+    , r_info :: Elf32_Word
+    } deriving Eq
+
+data Elf32_Rela = Elf32_Rela
+    { r_offset :: Elf32_Addr
+    , r_info :: Elf32_Word
+    , r_addend :: Elf32_Sword
+    } deriving Eq
+
+data ElfSectionType
+    = ElfSectionType Elf32_Word
+    | SHT_NULL
+    | SHT_PROGBITS
+    | SHT_SYMTAB
+    | SHT_STRTAB
+    | SHT_RELA
+    | SHT_HASH
+    | SHT_DYNAMIC
+    | SHT_NOTE
+    | SHT_NOBITS
+    | SHT_REL
+    | SHT_SHLIB
+    | SHT_DYNSYM
+    | SHT_LOPROC
+    | SHT_HIPROC
+    | SHT_LOUSER
+    | SHT_HIUSER
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Enum ElfSectionType
+  where
+    toEnum 0 = SHT_NULL
+    toEnum 1 = SHT_PROGBITS
+    toEnum 2 = SHT_SYMTAB
+    toEnum 3 = SHT_STRTAB
+    toEnum 4 = SHT_RELA
+    toEnum 5 = SHT_HASH
+    toEnum 6 = SHT_DYNAMIC
+    toEnum 7 = SHT_NOTE
+    toEnum 8 = SHT_NOBITS
+    toEnum 9 = SHT_REL
+    toEnum 10 = SHT_SHLIB
+    toEnum 11 = SHT_DYNSYM
+    toEnum 0x70000000 = SHT_LOPROC
+    toEnum 0x7fffffff = SHT_HIPROC
+    toEnum 0x80000000 = SHT_LOUSER
+    toEnum 0xffffffff = SHT_HIUSER
+    toEnum x = ElfSectionType $ fromIntegral x
+    fromEnum SHT_NULL = 0
+    fromEnum SHT_PROGBITS = 1
+    fromEnum SHT_SYMTAB = 2
+    fromEnum SHT_STRTAB = 3
+    fromEnum SHT_RELA = 4
+    fromEnum SHT_HASH = 5
+    fromEnum SHT_DYNAMIC = 6
+    fromEnum SHT_NOTE = 7
+    fromEnum SHT_NOBITS = 8
+    fromEnum SHT_REL = 9
+    fromEnum SHT_SHLIB = 10
+    fromEnum SHT_DYNSYM = 11
+    fromEnum SHT_LOPROC = 0x70000000
+    fromEnum SHT_HIPROC = 0x7fffffff
+    fromEnum SHT_LOUSER = 0x80000000
+    fromEnum SHT_HIUSER = 0xffffffff
+    fromEnum (ElfSectionType x) = fromIntegral x
+
+-- * Help types and functions.
+
+data ByteOrder = LSB | MSB
+    deriving Eq
+
+data ElfEncodingError
+    = ElfInvalidByteOrderError
+    | ElfUnsupportedClassError ElfClass
+    deriving Eq
+
+instance Show ElfEncodingError
+  where
+    show ElfInvalidByteOrderError = "Invalid byte order."
+    show (ElfUnsupportedClassError class') =
+        concat ["Elf class \"", show class', "\" is not supported."]
+
+instance Exception ElfEncodingError
+
+fromIntegralEnum :: (Enum a, Num b) => a -> b
+fromIntegralEnum = fromIntegral . fromEnum
+
+-- * Encoding functions.
+
+elf32Addr :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Addr -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Addr LSB = ByteString.Builder.word32LE
+elf32Addr MSB = ByteString.Builder.word32BE
+
+elf32Half :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Half -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Half LSB = ByteString.Builder.word16LE
+elf32Half MSB = ByteString.Builder.word16BE
+
+elf32Off :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Off -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Off LSB = ByteString.Builder.word32LE
+elf32Off MSB = ByteString.Builder.word32BE
+
+elf32Sword :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Sword -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Sword LSB = ByteString.Builder.int32LE
+elf32Sword MSB = ByteString.Builder.int32BE
+
+elf32Word :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Word -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Word LSB = ByteString.Builder.word32LE
+elf32Word MSB = ByteString.Builder.word32BE
+
+elfIdentification :: ElfIdentification -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elfIdentification (ElfIdentification elfClass elfData)
+    = ByteString.Builder.word8 0x7f
+    <> ByteString.Builder.string7 "ELF"
+    <> ByteString.Builder.word8 (fromIntegralEnum elfClass)
+    <> ByteString.Builder.word8 (fromIntegralEnum elfData)
+    <> ByteString.Builder.word8 (fromIntegralEnum EV_CURRENT)
+    <> ByteString.Builder.byteString (ByteString.replicate 9 0)
+
+elf32Ehdr :: Elf32_Ehdr -> Either ElfEncodingError ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Ehdr Elf32_Ehdr{..} = encode <$> byteOrder
+  where
+    encode byteOrder'
+        = elfIdentification e_ident
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' (fromIntegralEnum e_type)
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' (fromIntegralEnum e_machine)
+        <> elf32Word byteOrder' (fromIntegralEnum e_version)
+        <> elf32Addr byteOrder' e_entry
+        <> elf32Off byteOrder' e_phoff
+        <> elf32Off byteOrder' e_shoff
+        <> elf32Word byteOrder' e_flags
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_ehsize
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_phentsize
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_phnum
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_shentsize
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_shnum
+        <> elf32Half byteOrder' e_shstrndx
+    byteOrder
+        | ElfIdentification class' _ <- e_ident
+        , class' /= ELFCLASS32 = Left $ ElfUnsupportedClassError class'
+        | ElfIdentification _ ELFDATA2MSB <- e_ident = Right MSB
+        | ElfIdentification _ ELFDATA2LSB <- e_ident = Right LSB
+        | ElfIdentification _ ELFDATANONE <- e_ident = Left ElfInvalidByteOrderError
+
+elf32Shdr :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Shdr -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Shdr byteOrder Elf32_Shdr{..}
+    = elf32Word byteOrder sh_name
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder (fromIntegralEnum sh_type)
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_flags
+    <> elf32Addr byteOrder sh_addr
+    <> elf32Off byteOrder sh_offset
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_size
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_link
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_info
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_addralign
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder sh_entsize
+
+elf32Sym :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Sym -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Sym byteOrder Elf32_Sym{..}
+    = elf32Word byteOrder st_name
+    <> elf32Addr byteOrder st_value
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder st_size
+    <> ByteString.Builder.word8 st_info
+    <> ByteString.Builder.word8 st_other
+    <> elf32Half byteOrder st_shndx
+
+elf32Rel :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Rel -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Rel byteOrder Elf32_Rel{..}
+    = elf32Addr byteOrder r_offset 
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder r_info
+
+elf32Rela :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Rela -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
+elf32Rela byteOrder Elf32_Rela{..}
+    = elf32Addr byteOrder r_offset 
+    <> elf32Word byteOrder r_info
+    <> elf32Sword byteOrder r_addend
+
+stInfo :: ElfSymbolBinding -> ElfSymbolType -> Word8
+stInfo binding type' = fromIntegralEnum binding `shiftL` 4
+    .|. (fromIntegralEnum type' .&. 0xf)
+
+rInfo :: Elf32_Word -> Word8 -> Elf32_Word
+rInfo symbol type' = symbol `shiftL` 8
+    .|. fromIntegralEnum type'

rakelib/cross.rake

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+require 'pathname'
+require 'uri'
+require 'net/http'
+require 'rake/clean'
+require 'open3'
+require 'etc'
+
+GCC_VERSION = "14.2.0"
+BINUTILS_VERSION = '2.43.1'
+GLIBC_VERSION = '2.40'
+KERNEL_VERSION = '5.15.166'
+
+TMP = Pathname.new('./build')
+
+CLEAN.include TMP
+
+class BuildTarget
+  attr_accessor(:build, :gcc, :target, :tmp)
+
+  def gxx
+    @gcc.gsub 'c', '+'
+  end
+
+  def sysroot
+    tmp + 'sysroot'
+  end
+
+  def rootfs
+    tmp + 'rootfs'
+  end
+
+  def tools
+    tmp + 'tools'
+  end
+end
+
+def gcc_verbose(gcc_binary)
+  read, write = IO.pipe
+  sh({'LANG' => 'C'}, gcc_binary, '--verbose', err: write)
+  write.close
+  output = read.read
+  read.close
+  output
+end
+
+def find_build_target(gcc_version, task)
+  gcc_binary = 'gcc'
+  output = gcc_verbose gcc_binary
+
+  if output.start_with? 'Apple clang'
+    gcc_binary = "gcc-#{gcc_version.split('.').first}"
+    output = gcc_verbose gcc_binary
+  end
+  result = output
+    .lines
+    .each_with_object(BuildTarget.new) do |line, accumulator|
+      if line.start_with? 'Target: '
+        accumulator.build = line.split(' ').last.strip
+      elsif line.start_with? 'COLLECT_GCC'
+        accumulator.gcc = line.split('=').last.strip
+      end
+    end
+  result.tmp = TMP
+  task.with_defaults target: 'riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu'
+  result.target = task[:target]
+  result
+end
+
+def download_and_unarchive(url, target)
+  case File.extname url.path
+  when '.bz2'
+    archive_type = '-j'
+    root_directory = File.basename url.path, '.tar.bz2'
+  when '.xz'
+    archive_type = '-J'
+    root_directory = File.basename url.path, '.tar.xz'
+  else
+    raise "Unsupported archive type #{url.path}."
+  end
+
+  Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port, use_ssl: url.scheme == 'https') do |http|
+    request = Net::HTTP::Get.new url.request_uri
+
+    http.request request do |response|
+      case response
+      when Net::HTTPRedirection
+        download_and_unarchive URI.parse(response['location'])
+      when Net::HTTPSuccess
+        Open3.popen2 'tar', '-C', target.to_path, archive_type, '-xv' do |stdin, stdout, wait_thread|
+          stdout.close
+
+          response.read_body do |chunk|
+            stdin.write chunk
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        response.error!
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  target + root_directory
+end
+
+namespace :cross do
+  desc 'Build cross binutils'
+  task :binutils, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    options.tools.mkpath
+    source_directory = download_and_unarchive(
+      URI.parse("https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-#{BINUTILS_VERSION}.tar.xz"),
+      options.tools)
+
+    cwd = source_directory.dirname + 'build-binutils'
+    cwd.mkpath
+    options.rootfs.mkpath
+
+    env = {
+     'CC' => options.gcc,
+     'CXX' => options.gxx
+    }
+    configure_options = [
+      "--prefix=#{options.rootfs.realpath}",
+      "--target=#{options.target}",
+      '--disable-nls',
+      '--enable-gprofng=no',
+      '--disable-werror',
+      '--enable-default-hash-style=gnu',
+      '--disable-libquadmath'
+    ]
+    configure = source_directory.relative_path_from(cwd) + 'configure'
+    sh env, configure.to_path, *configure_options, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', '-j', Etc.nprocessors.to_s, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', 'install', chdir: cwd.to_path
+  end
+
+  desc 'Build stage 1 GCC'
+  task :gcc1, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    options.tools.mkpath
+    source_directory = download_and_unarchive(
+      URI.parse("https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/releases/gcc-#{GCC_VERSION}/gcc-#{GCC_VERSION}.tar.xz"),
+      options.tools)
+
+    cwd = source_directory.dirname + 'build-gcc'
+    cwd.mkpath
+    options.rootfs.mkpath
+    options.sysroot.mkpath
+
+    sh 'contrib/download_prerequisites', chdir: source_directory.to_path
+    configure_options = [
+      "--prefix=#{options.rootfs.realpath}",
+      "--with-sysroot=#{options.sysroot.realpath}",
+      '--enable-languages=c,c++',
+      '--disable-shared',
+      '--with-arch=rv32imafdc',
+      '--with-abi=ilp32d',
+      '--with-tune=rocket',
+      '--with-isa-spec=20191213',
+      '--disable-bootstrap',
+      '--disable-multilib',
+      '--disable-libmudflap',
+      '--disable-libssp',
+      '--disable-libquadmath',
+      '--disable-libsanitizer',
+      '--disable-threads',
+      '--disable-libatomic',
+      '--disable-libgomp',
+      '--disable-libvtv',
+      '--disable-libstdcxx',
+      '--disable-nls',
+      '--with-newlib',
+      '--without-headers',
+      "--target=#{options.target}",
+      "--build=#{options.build}",
+      "--host=#{options.build}"
+    ]
+    flags = '-O2 -fPIC'
+    env = {
+      'CC' => options.gcc,
+      'CXX' => options.gxx,
+      'CFLAGS' => flags,
+      'CXXFLAGS' => flags,
+      'PATH' => "#{options.rootfs.realpath + 'bin'}:#{ENV['PATH']}"
+    }
+    configure = source_directory.relative_path_from(cwd) + 'configure'
+    sh env, configure.to_path, *configure_options, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', '-j', Etc.nprocessors.to_s, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', 'install', chdir: cwd.to_path
+  end
+
+  desc 'Copy glibc headers'
+  task :headers, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    options.tools.mkpath
+
+    source_directory = download_and_unarchive(
+      URI.parse("https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-#{GLIBC_VERSION}.tar.xz"),
+      options.tools)
+    include_directory = options.tools + 'include'
+
+    include_directory.mkpath
+    cp (source_directory + 'elf/elf.h'), (include_directory + 'elf.h')
+  end
+
+  desc 'Build linux kernel'
+  task :kernel, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    options.tools.mkpath
+
+    cwd = download_and_unarchive(
+      URI.parse("https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-#{KERNEL_VERSION}.tar.xz"),
+      options.tools)
+
+    env = {
+      'CROSS_COMPILE' => "#{options.target}-",
+      'ARCH' => 'riscv',
+      'PATH' => "#{options.rootfs.realpath + 'bin'}:#{ENV['PATH']}",
+      'HOSTCFLAGS' => "-D_UUID_T -D__GETHOSTUUID_H -I#{options.tools.realpath + 'include'}"
+    }
+    sh env, 'make', 'rv32_defconfig', chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', '-j', Etc.nprocessors.to_s, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', 'headers', chdir: cwd.to_path
+
+    user_directory = options.sysroot + 'usr'
+
+    user_directory.mkpath
+    cp_r (cwd + 'usr/include'), (user_directory + 'include')
+  end
+
+  desc 'Build glibc'
+  task :glibc, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    source_directory = options.tools + "glibc-#{GLIBC_VERSION}"
+    configure_options = [
+      '--prefix=/usr',
+      "--host=#{options.target}",
+      "--target=#{options.target}",
+      "--build=#{options.build}",
+      "--enable-kernel=#{KERNEL_VERSION}",
+      "--with-headers=#{options.sysroot.realpath + 'usr/include'}",
+      '--disable-nscd',
+      '--disable-libquadmath',
+      '--disable-libitm',
+      '--disable-werror',
+      'libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes'
+    ]
+    bin = options.rootfs.realpath + 'bin'
+    env = {
+      'PATH' => "#{bin}:#{ENV['PATH']}",
+      'MAKE' => 'make' # Otherwise it uses gnumake which can be different and too old.
+    }
+    cwd = source_directory.dirname + 'build-glibc'
+    cwd.mkpath
+
+    configure = source_directory.relative_path_from(cwd) +'./configure'
+    sh env, configure.to_path, *configure_options, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', '-j', Etc.nprocessors.to_s, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', "install_root=#{options.sysroot.realpath}", 'install', chdir: cwd.to_path
+  end
+
+  desc 'Build stage 2 GCC'
+  task :gcc2, [:target] do |_, args|
+    options = find_build_target GCC_VERSION, args
+    source_directory = options.tools + "gcc-#{GCC_VERSION}"
+    cwd = options.tools + 'build-gcc'
+
+    rm_rf cwd
+    cwd.mkpath
+
+    configure_options = [
+      "--prefix=#{options.rootfs.realpath}",
+      "--with-sysroot=#{options.sysroot.realpath}",
+      '--enable-languages=c,c++,lto',
+      '--enable-lto',
+      '--enable-shared',
+      '--with-arch=rv32imafdc',
+      '--with-abi=ilp32d',
+      '--with-tune=rocket',
+      '--with-isa-spec=20191213',
+      '--disable-bootstrap',
+      '--disable-multilib',
+      '--enable-checking=release',
+      '--disable-libssp',
+      '--disable-libquadmath',
+      '--enable-threads=posix',
+      '--with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new',
+      '--disable-nls',
+      "--target=#{options.target}",
+      "--build=#{options.build}",
+      "--host=#{options.build}"
+
+    ]
+    flags = '-O2 -fPIC'
+    env = {
+      'CFLAGS' => flags,
+      'CXXFLAGS' => flags,
+      'PATH' => "#{options.rootfs.realpath + 'bin'}:#{ENV['PATH']}"
+    }
+    configure = source_directory.relative_path_from(cwd) + 'configure'
+    sh env, configure.to_path, *configure_options, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', '-j', Etc.nprocessors.to_s, chdir: cwd.to_path
+    sh env, 'make', 'install', chdir: cwd.to_path
+  end
+end
+
+task cross: ['cross:binutils', 'cross:gcc1', 'cross:headers', 'cross:kernel', 'cross:glibc', 'cross:gcc2'] do
+end

src/Main.hs

@@ -1,13 +1,95 @@
-module Main where
+module Main
+    ( main
+    ) where
 
-import Language.Elna.Parser (programP)
+import Language.Elna.Object.Elf
-import Text.Megaparsec (runParser, errorBundlePretty)
+    ( ByteOrder(..)
-import qualified Data.Text.IO as Text
+    , Elf32_Ehdr(..)
+    , Elf32_Off
+    , ElfMachine(..)
+    , ElfType(..)
+    , ElfVersion(..)
+    , ElfIdentification(..)
+    , ElfClass(..)
+    , ElfData(..)
+    , Elf32_Shdr(..)
+    , ElfSectionType(..)
+    , elf32Ehdr
+    , elf32Shdr
+    )
+import qualified Data.ByteString as ByteString
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Builder as ByteString.Builder
+import Data.Vector (Vector)
+import qualified Data.Vector as Vector
+import Control.Exception (throwIO)
+import System.IO (Handle, IOMode(..), SeekMode(..), hSeek, withFile)
+import Data.Foldable (traverse_)
+
+riscv32Elf :: FilePath -> IO ()
+riscv32Elf outFile = withFile outFile WriteMode withObjectFile
+  where
+    headerSize :: Elf32_Off
+    headerSize = 52
+    withObjectFile objectHandle
+        = hSeek objectHandle AbsoluteSeek (fromIntegral headerSize)
+        >> putContents objectHandle
+        >>= afterContents objectHandle
+    afterContents objectHandle headers =
+        let headerEncodingResult = elf32Ehdr
+                $ header
+                $ Vector.foldr ((+) . sh_size) 0 headers
+         in traverse_ (ByteString.Builder.hPutBuilder objectHandle . elf32Shdr LSB) headers
+            >> either throwIO (putHeaders objectHandle) headerEncodingResult
+    putHeaders objectHandle encodedHeader
+        = hSeek objectHandle AbsoluteSeek 0
+        >> ByteString.Builder.hPutBuilder objectHandle encodedHeader
+    putContents :: Handle -> IO (Vector Elf32_Shdr)
+    putContents objectHandle =
+        let stringTable = "\0shstrtab\0"
+            written = Vector.fromList
+                [ Elf32_Shdr
+                    { sh_type = SHT_NULL
+                    , sh_size = 0
+                    , sh_offset = 0
+                    , sh_name = 0
+                    , sh_link = 0
+                    , sh_info = 0
+                    , sh_flags = 0
+                    , sh_entsize = 0
+                    , sh_addralign = 0
+                    , sh_addr = 0
+                    }
+                , Elf32_Shdr
+                    { sh_type = SHT_STRTAB
+                    , sh_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length stringTable
+                    , sh_offset = fromIntegral headerSize
+                    , sh_name = 1
+                    , sh_link = 0
+                    , sh_info = 0
+                    , sh_flags = 0
+                    , sh_entsize = 0
+                    , sh_addralign = 0
+                    , sh_addr = 0
+                    }
+                ]
+         in ByteString.hPut objectHandle stringTable
+            >> pure written
+    header written = Elf32_Ehdr
+        { e_version = EV_CURRENT
+        , e_type = ET_REL
+        , e_shstrndx = 1 -- String table. SHN_UNDEF
+        , e_shoff = written + headerSize
+        , e_shnum = 2
+        , e_shentsize = 40
+        , e_phoff = 0
+        , e_phnum = 0
+        , e_phentsize = 32
+        , e_machine = EM_RISCV
+        , e_ident = ElfIdentification ELFCLASS32 ELFDATA2LSB
+        , e_flags = 0x4 -- EF_RISCV_FLOAT_ABI_DOUBLE
+        , e_entry = 0
+        , e_ehsize = fromIntegral headerSize
+        }
 
 main :: IO ()
-main = Text.getContents
+main = riscv32Elf "here.o"
-    >>= withParseResult . runParser programP ""
-  where
-    withParseResult (Right _) = pure ()
-    withParseResult (Left errorBundle) =
-        putStr $ errorBundlePretty errorBundle