Create empty relocations section

TODO

@@ -3,3 +3,17 @@
 - Put symbol table in the reader monad and it to the stack
   or use the state monad for everything.
 - Add errors handling to the monad stack.
+
+# ELF generation
+
+- Don't ignore relocations where the symbol is not defined in the symbol table.
+  Report an error about an undefined symbol.
+- Since every function adds a section header use a state monad
+  in the generator and put the headers into the state to reduce the number of
+  returned values in the tuples.
+- Relocation section header relates to another section (e.g. .rel.text). The
+  index of that section should be passed together with collected relocations.
+- symstrtab creates 3 section headers and does some math to calculate the
+  offsets and names. Introducing the state monad can help to get rid of magic
+  numbers.
+- The final reutrn value of the state monad should be the Elf header.

lib/Language/Elna/Architecture/RiscV.hs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 module Language.Elna.Architecture.RiscV
     ( BaseOpcode(..)
+    , RelocationType(..)
     , Funct3(..)
     , Funct7(..)
     , Funct12(..)
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ module Language.Elna.Architecture.RiscV
 
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Builder as ByteString.Builder
 import Data.Bits (Bits(..))
+import Data.Text (Text)
 import Data.Word (Word8, Word32)
 
 data XRegister
@@ -137,8 +139,18 @@ data Type
     | U XRegister Word32
     | J XRegister Word32
     | Type XRegister Funct3 XRegister Funct12 -- Privileged.
+    deriving Eq
 
-data Instruction = Instruction BaseOpcode Type
+data RelocationType
+    = Lower12I XRegister Funct3 XRegister Text
+    | Lower12S Text Funct3 XRegister XRegister
+    | Higher20 XRegister Text -- Type U.
+    deriving Eq
+
+data Instruction
+    = Instruction BaseOpcode Type
+    | RelocatableInstruction BaseOpcode RelocationType
+    deriving Eq
 
 xRegister :: XRegister -> Word8
 xRegister Zero = 0
@@ -285,8 +297,17 @@ type' (Type rd funct3' rs1 funct12')
     .|. (fromIntegral (xRegister rs1) `shiftL` 15)
     .|. (fromIntegral (funct12 funct12') `shiftL` 20);
 
+relocationType :: RelocationType -> Word32
+relocationType (Lower12I rd funct3' rs1 _) = type' $ I rd funct3' rs1 0
+relocationType (Lower12S _ funct3' rs1 rs2) = type' $ S 0 funct3' rs1 rs2
+relocationType (Higher20 rd _) = type' $ U rd 0
+
 instruction :: Instruction -> ByteString.Builder.Builder
-instruction (Instruction base instructionType)
+instruction = \case
+    (Instruction base instructionType) -> go base $ type' instructionType
+    (RelocatableInstruction base instructionType) -> go base $ relocationType instructionType
+  where
+    go base instructionType
         = ByteString.Builder.word32LE
         $ fromIntegral (baseOpcode base)
-    .|. type' instructionType
+        .|. instructionType

lib/Language/Elna/Object/Elf.hs

@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ module Language.Elna.Object.Elf
     , elfObject
     , elfSectionsSize
     , rInfo
+    , shfWrite
+    , shfAlloc
+    , shfExecinstr
+    , shfMascproc
+    , shfInfoLink
     , stInfo
     ) where
 
@@ -352,6 +357,23 @@ instance Enum ElfSectionType
     fromEnum SHT_HIUSER = 0xffffffff
     fromEnum (ElfSectionType x) = fromIntegral x
 
+-- * Constants.
+
+shfWrite :: Elf32_Word
+shfWrite = 0x1
+
+shfAlloc :: Elf32_Word
+shfAlloc = 0x2
+
+shfExecinstr:: Elf32_Word
+shfExecinstr = 0x4
+
+shfMascproc :: Elf32_Word
+shfMascproc = 0xf0000000
+
+shfInfoLink :: Elf32_Word
+shfInfoLink = 0x40
+
 -- * Encoding functions.
 
 elf32Addr :: ByteOrder -> Elf32_Addr -> ByteString.Builder.Builder

lib/Language/Elna/PrinterWriter.hs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ module Language.Elna.PrinterWriter
     , riscv32Header
     ) where
 
+import Data.Word (Word8)
 import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
 import qualified Data.ByteString as ByteString
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Builder as ByteString.Builder
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import Data.Vector (Vector)
 import qualified Data.Vector as Vector
 import Language.Elna.Object.Elf
     ( ByteOrder(..)
+    , Elf32_Addr
     , Elf32_Ehdr(..)
     , Elf32_Half
     , Elf32_Sym(..)
@@ -25,15 +27,21 @@ import Language.Elna.Object.Elf
     , ElfSectionType(..)
     , ElfSymbolBinding(..)
     , ElfSymbolType(..)
+    , Elf32_Rel (..)
     , elf32Sym
     , elfHeaderSize
     , elfSectionsSize
     , stInfo
+    , rInfo
+    , elf32Rel
+    , shfInfoLink
     )
 import System.IO (Handle)
 import qualified Language.Elna.Architecture.RiscV as RiscV
+import qualified Data.Text.Encoding as Text.Encoding
 
 data ElfHeaderResult a = ElfHeaderResult ByteString (Vector a)
+data UnresolvedRelocation = UnresolvedRelocation ByteString Elf32_Addr Word8
 
 riscv32Elf :: Vector RiscV.Instruction -> Handle -> IO (Vector Elf32_Shdr)
 riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
@@ -50,6 +58,7 @@ riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
             , sh_addr = 0
             }
      in text (ElfHeaderResult "\0" $ Vector.singleton zeroHeader)
+        >>= symstrtab
         >>= shstrtab
         >>= finalize
   where
@@ -71,12 +80,59 @@ riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
         ByteString.hPut objectHandle stringTable
         pure $ ElfHeaderResult stringTable
             $ Vector.snoc headers nextHeader
-    strtab stringTable (ElfHeaderResult names headers) = do
+    takeStringZ stringTable Elf32_Sym{ st_name }
-        let newHeader = Elf32_Shdr
+        = ByteString.takeWhile (/= 0)
+        $ ByteString.drop (fromIntegral st_name) stringTable
+    resolveRelocation (ElfHeaderResult stringTable entries) unresolvedRelocation
+        | UnresolvedRelocation symbolName offset type' <- unresolvedRelocation
+        , Just entry <- Vector.findIndex ((== symbolName) . takeStringZ stringTable) entries =
+            Right $ Elf32_Rel
+                { r_offset = offset
+                , r_info = rInfo (fromIntegral entry) type'
+                }
+        | otherwise = Left unresolvedRelocation
+    symstrtab (symbols@(ElfHeaderResult stringTable entries), ElfHeaderResult names headers, relocations) = do
+        let encodedSymbols = LazyByteString.toStrict
+                $ ByteString.Builder.toLazyByteString
+                $ foldMap (elf32Sym LSB) entries 
+            namesLength = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length names
+            symHeader = Elf32_Shdr
+                { sh_type = SHT_SYMTAB
+                , sh_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length encodedSymbols
+                , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers
+                , sh_name = namesLength
+                , sh_link = fromIntegral $ Vector.length headers + 2
+                , sh_info = 1
+                , sh_flags = 0
+                , sh_entsize = 16
+                , sh_addralign = 0
+                , sh_addr = 0
+                }
+        ByteString.hPut objectHandle encodedSymbols
+        let headers1 = Vector.snoc headers symHeader
+        let y = resolveRelocation symbols <$> relocations
+            encodedRelocations = LazyByteString.toStrict
+                $ ByteString.Builder.toLazyByteString
+                $ Vector.foldMap (either (const mempty) (elf32Rel LSB)) y
+            relHeader = Elf32_Shdr
+                { sh_type = SHT_REL
+                , sh_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length encodedRelocations
+                , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers1
+                , sh_name = namesLength + 8
+                , sh_link = fromIntegral $ Vector.length headers
+                , sh_info = 1
+                , sh_flags = shfInfoLink
+                , sh_entsize = 8
+                , sh_addralign = 0
+                , sh_addr = 0
+                }
+        ByteString.hPut objectHandle encodedRelocations
+        let headers2 = Vector.snoc headers1 relHeader
+        let strHeader = Elf32_Shdr
                 { sh_type = SHT_STRTAB
                 , sh_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length stringTable
-                , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers
+                , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers2
-                , sh_name = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length names
+                , sh_name = namesLength + 18
                 , sh_link = 0
                 , sh_info = 0
                 , sh_flags = 0
@@ -85,32 +141,11 @@ riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
                 , sh_addr = 0
                 }
         ByteString.hPut objectHandle stringTable
-        pure $ ElfHeaderResult (names <> ".strtab\0")
+        pure $ ElfHeaderResult (names <> ".symtab\0.rel.text\0.strtab\0")
-            $ Vector.snoc headers newHeader
+            $ Vector.snoc headers2 strHeader
-    symtab strtabIndex entries (ElfHeaderResult names headers) = do
-        let encoded = LazyByteString.toStrict
-                $ ByteString.Builder.toLazyByteString
-                $ foldMap (elf32Sym LSB) entries 
-            newHeader = Elf32_Shdr
-                { sh_type = SHT_SYMTAB
-                , sh_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length encoded
-                , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers
-                , sh_name = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length names
-                , sh_link = strtabIndex
-                , sh_info = 1
-                , sh_flags = 0
-                , sh_entsize = 16
-                , sh_addralign = 0
-                , sh_addr = 0
-                }
-        ByteString.hPut objectHandle encoded
-        pure $ ElfHeaderResult (names <> ".symtab\0")
-            $ Vector.snoc headers newHeader
     text (ElfHeaderResult names headers) = do
         let textTabIndex = fromIntegral $ Vector.length headers
-            strtabIndex = fromIntegral $ textTabIndex + 2
+            initialHeaders = ElfHeaderResult "\0"
-        ElfHeaderResult stringTable  entries <- symbolEntry textTabIndex code
-            $ ElfHeaderResult "\0"
                 $ Vector.singleton
                 $ Elf32_Sym
                     { st_value = 0
@@ -120,9 +155,11 @@ riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
                     , st_name = 0
                     , st_info = 0
                     }
+        (symbolResult, size, relocations) <- symbolEntry textTabIndex code
+            (initialHeaders, 0, mempty)
         let newHeader = Elf32_Shdr
                 { sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS
-                , sh_size = fromIntegral $ foldr ((+) . st_size) 0 entries
+                , sh_size = size
                 , sh_offset = elfSectionsSize headers
                 , sh_name = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length names
                 , sh_link = 0
@@ -134,24 +171,47 @@ riscv32Elf code objectHandle =
                 }
             newResult = ElfHeaderResult (names <> ".text\0")
                 $ Vector.snoc headers newHeader
-        symtab strtabIndex entries newResult
+        pure (symbolResult, newResult, relocations)
-            >>= strtab stringTable
+    symbolEntry
-    symbolEntry :: Elf32_Half -> Vector RiscV.Instruction -> ElfHeaderResult Elf32_Sym -> IO (ElfHeaderResult Elf32_Sym)
+        :: Elf32_Half
-    symbolEntry shndx instructions (ElfHeaderResult names entries) = do
+        -> Vector RiscV.Instruction
-        let encoded = LazyByteString.toStrict
+        -> (ElfHeaderResult Elf32_Sym, Elf32_Addr, Vector UnresolvedRelocation)
-                $ ByteString.Builder.toLazyByteString
+        -> IO (ElfHeaderResult Elf32_Sym, Elf32_Addr, Vector UnresolvedRelocation)
-                $ foldMap RiscV.instruction instructions
+    symbolEntry shndx instructions (ElfHeaderResult names entries, offset, relocations) = do
+        let (encoded, size, updatedRelocations) = 
+                Vector.foldl' encodeInstruction (mempty, offset, relocations) instructions
             newEntry = Elf32_Sym
-                { st_value = 0
+                { st_value = offset
-                , st_size = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length encoded
+                , st_size = fromIntegral size
                 , st_shndx = shndx
                 , st_other = 0
                 , st_name = fromIntegral $ ByteString.length names
                 , st_info = stInfo STB_GLOBAL STT_FUNC
                 }
-        ByteString.hPut objectHandle encoded
+        ByteString.hPut objectHandle $ LazyByteString.toStrict encoded
-        pure $ ElfHeaderResult (names <> "_start\0")
+        let newResult = ElfHeaderResult (names <> "_start\0")
                 $ Vector.snoc entries newEntry
+        pure (newResult, size, updatedRelocations)
+    encodeInstruction (instructions, offset, relocations) instruction =
+        let unresolvedRelocation = case instruction of
+                RiscV.RelocatableInstruction _ instructionType
+                    | RiscV.Higher20 _ symbolName <- instructionType
+                        -> Just
+                        $ UnresolvedRelocation (Text.Encoding.encodeUtf8 symbolName) offset 26
+                    | RiscV.Lower12I _ _ _ symbolName <- instructionType
+                        -> Just
+                        $ UnresolvedRelocation (Text.Encoding.encodeUtf8 symbolName) offset 27
+                    | RiscV.Lower12S symbolName _ _ _ <- instructionType
+                        -> Just
+                        $ UnresolvedRelocation (Text.Encoding.encodeUtf8 symbolName) offset 28
+                RiscV.Instruction _ _ -> Nothing
+            encoded = ByteString.Builder.toLazyByteString
+                $ RiscV.instruction instruction
+         in
+            ( instructions <> encoded
+            , offset + fromIntegral (LazyByteString.length encoded)
+            , maybe relocations (Vector.snoc relocations) unresolvedRelocation
+            )
 
 riscv32Header :: Elf32_Ehdr
 riscv32Header = Elf32_Ehdr