elna/boot/parser.yy

/* Syntax analyzer.
   Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

%require "3.4"
%language "c++"

%code requires {
    #include <cstdint>
    #include <iostream>
    #include "elna/boot/driver.h"

    #if !defined(yyFlexLexerOnce)
        #include <FlexLexer.h>
    #endif

    namespace elna
    {
    namespace boot
    {
    class lexer;
    }
    }
}

%code provides {
    namespace elna
    {
    namespace boot
    {

    class lexer: public yyFlexLexer
    {
    public:
        yy::location location;

        lexer(std::istream& arg_yyin)
            : yyFlexLexer(&arg_yyin)
        {
        }

        yy::parser::symbol_type lex(elna::boot::driver& driver);
    };

    }
    }
}

%define api.token.raw
%define api.token.constructor
%define api.value.type variant

%parse-param {elna::boot::lexer& lexer}
%param {elna::boot::driver& driver}
%locations

%header

%code {
    #define yylex lexer.lex
}
%start program;

%token <std::string> IDENTIFIER "identifier"
%token <std::int32_t> INTEGER "integer"
%token <std::uint32_t> WORD "word"
%token <float> FLOAT "float"
%token <std::string> CHARACTER "character"
%token <std::string> STRING "string"
%token <bool> BOOLEAN
%token IF WHILE DO THEN ELSE ELSIF RETURN
%token CONST VAR PROCEDURE TYPE RECORD UNION
%token BEGIN_BLOCK END_BLOCK EXTERN DEFER
%token LEFT_PAREN RIGHT_PAREN LEFT_SQUARE RIGHT_SQUARE SEMICOLON DOT COMMA
%token AND OR NOT CAST SHIFT_LEFT SHIFT_RIGHT
%token GREATER_EQUAL LESS_EQUAL LESS_THAN GREATER_THAN NOT_EQUAL EQUALS
%token PLUS MINUS MULTIPLICATION DIVISION REMAINDER
%token ASSIGNMENT COLON HAT AT NIL ARROW

%left OR AND XOR
%left EQUALS NOT_EQUAL LESS_THAN GREATER_THAN LESS_EQUAL GREATER_EQUAL
%left PLUS MINUS
%left MULTIPLICATION DIVISION REMAINDER

%type <elna::boot::literal *> literal;
%type <elna::boot::constant_definition *> constant_definition;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::constant_definition *>> constant_part constant_definitions;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::variable_declaration *>> variable_declarations variable_part variable_declaration
    formal_parameters formal_parameter_list;
%type <elna::boot::variable_declaration *> formal_parameter
%type <std::shared_ptr<elna::boot::top_type>> type_expression;
%type <elna::boot::expression *> expression operand unary;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::expression *>> expressions actual_parameter_list;
%type <elna::boot::designator_expression *> designator_expression;
%type <elna::boot::assign_statement *> assign_statement;
%type <elna::boot::call_expression *> call_expression;
%type <elna::boot::while_statement *> while_statement;
%type <elna::boot::if_statement *> if_statement;
%type <elna::boot::return_statement *> return_statement;
%type <elna::boot::statement *> statement;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::statement *>> statements optional_statements;
%type <elna::boot::procedure_definition *> procedure_definition procedure_heading;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::procedure_definition *>> procedure_definitions procedure_part;
%type <elna::boot::type_definition *> type_definition;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::type_definition *>> type_definitions type_part;
%type <elna::boot::block *> block;
%type <elna::boot::field_t> field_declaration;
%type <std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<elna::boot::top_type>>>> optional_fields fields;
%type <std::vector<elna::boot::conditional_statements *>> elsif_statement_list;
%type <elna::boot::cast_expression *> cast_expression;
%type <elna::boot::defer_statement *> defer_statement;
%type <std::pair<std::string, bool>> identifier_definition;
%type <std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool>>> identifier_definitions;
%%
program:
    constant_part type_part variable_part procedure_part BEGIN_BLOCK optional_statements END_BLOCK DOT
        {
            auto tree = new elna::boot::program(elna::boot::make_position(@5));

            std::swap(tree->constants, $1);
            std::swap(tree->types , $2);
            std::swap(tree->variables, $3);
            std::swap(tree->procedures, $4);
            std::swap(tree->body, $6);

            driver.tree.reset(tree);
        }
block: constant_part variable_part BEGIN_BLOCK optional_statements END_BLOCK
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::block(elna::boot::make_position(@3));

            std::swap($$->constants, $1);
            std::swap($$->variables, $2);
            std::swap($$->body, $4);
        }
identifier_definition:
    IDENTIFIER MULTIPLICATION
        {
            $$ = std::make_pair($1, true);
        }
    | IDENTIFIER
        {
            $$ = std::make_pair($1, false);
        }
identifier_definitions:
    identifier_definition COMMA identifier_definitions
        {
            std::swap($$, $3);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), $1);
        }
    | identifier_definition { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
procedure_heading:
    PROCEDURE identifier_definition formal_parameter_list SEMICOLON
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::procedure_definition(elna::boot::make_position(@1),
                 $2.first, $2.second);
            std::swap($3, $$->parameters);
        }
    | PROCEDURE identifier_definition formal_parameter_list ARROW type_expression SEMICOLON
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::procedure_definition(elna::boot::make_position(@1),
                 $2.first, $2.second, $5);
            std::swap($3, $$->parameters);
        }
procedure_definition:
    procedure_heading block { $$ = $1->add_body($2); }
    | procedure_heading EXTERN { $$ = $1; }
procedure_definitions:
    procedure_definition procedure_definitions
        {
            std::swap($$, $2);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), std::move($1));
        }
    | procedure_definition { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
procedure_part:
    /* no procedure definitions */ {}
    | procedure_definitions { std::swap($$, $1); }
assign_statement: designator_expression ASSIGNMENT expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::assign_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1, $3);
        }
call_expression: IDENTIFIER actual_parameter_list
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::call_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
            std::swap($$->arguments(), $2);
        }
cast_expression: CAST LEFT_PAREN expression COLON type_expression RIGHT_PAREN
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::cast_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $5, $3);
        }
while_statement: WHILE expression DO optional_statements END_BLOCK
        {
            auto body = new elna::boot::conditional_statements($2);
            std::swap($4, body->statements);
            $$ = new elna::boot::while_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), body);
        }
elsif_statement_list:
    ELSIF expression THEN optional_statements elsif_statement_list
        {
            elna::boot::conditional_statements *branch = new elna::boot::conditional_statements($2);
            std::swap(branch->statements, $4);
            std::swap($5, $$);
            $$.emplace($$.begin(), branch);
        }
    | {}
if_statement:
    IF expression THEN optional_statements elsif_statement_list END_BLOCK
        {
            auto then = new elna::boot::conditional_statements($2);
            std::swap($4, then->statements);
            $$ = new elna::boot::if_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), then);
            std::swap($5, $$->branches);
        }
    | IF expression THEN optional_statements elsif_statement_list ELSE optional_statements END_BLOCK
        {
            auto then = new elna::boot::conditional_statements($2);
            std::swap($4, then->statements);
            auto _else = new std::vector<elna::boot::statement *>(std::move($7));
            $$ = new elna::boot::if_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), then, _else);
            std::swap($5, $$->branches);
        }
return_statement: RETURN expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::return_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2);
        }
defer_statement: DEFER optional_statements END_BLOCK
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::defer_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1));
            std::swap($2, $$->statements);
        }
literal:
    INTEGER
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<std::int32_t>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | WORD
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<std::uint32_t>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | FLOAT
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<double>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | BOOLEAN
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<bool>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | CHARACTER
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<unsigned char>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1.at(0));
        }
    | NIL
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<std::nullptr_t>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), nullptr);
        }
    | STRING
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::number_literal<std::string>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
operand:
    literal { $$ = $1; }
    | designator_expression { $$ = $1; }
    | LEFT_PAREN type_expression RIGHT_PAREN
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::type_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2);
        }
    | cast_expression { $$ = $1; }
    | call_expression { $$ = $1; }
    | LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN { $$ = $2; }
expression:
    unary { $$ = $1; }
    | expression MULTIPLICATION expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::multiplication);
        }
    | expression DIVISION expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::division);
        }
    | expression REMAINDER expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::remainder);
        }
    | expression PLUS expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::sum);
        }
    | expression MINUS expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::subtraction);
        }
    | expression EQUALS expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::equals);
        }
    | expression NOT_EQUAL expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::not_equals);
        }
    | expression LESS_THAN expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::less);
        }
    | expression GREATER_THAN expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::greater);
        }
    | expression LESS_EQUAL expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::less_equal);
        }
    | expression GREATER_EQUAL expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::greater_equal);
        }
    | expression AND expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::conjunction);
        }
    | expression OR expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::disjunction);
        }
    | expression XOR expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::exclusive_disjunction);
        }
    | expression SHIFT_LEFT expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::shift_left);
        }
    | expression SHIFT_RIGHT expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::binary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3,
                elna::boot::binary_operator::shift_right);
        }
unary:
    AT operand
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::unary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2,
                elna::boot::unary_operator::reference);
        }
    | NOT operand
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::unary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2,
                elna::boot::unary_operator::negation);
        }
    | MINUS operand
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::unary_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2,
                elna::boot::unary_operator::minus);
        }
    | operand { $$ = $1; }
expressions:
    expression COMMA expressions
        {
            std::swap($$, $3);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), $1);
        }
    | expression { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
designator_expression:
    operand LEFT_SQUARE expression RIGHT_SQUARE
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::array_access_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3);
        }
    | operand DOT IDENTIFIER
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::field_access_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3);
        }
    | operand HAT
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::dereference_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | IDENTIFIER
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::variable_expression(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
statement:
    assign_statement { $$ = $1; }
    | while_statement { $$ = $1; }
    | if_statement { $$ = $1; }
    | return_statement { $$ = $1; }
    | call_expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::call_statement(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
    | defer_statement { $$ = $1; }
statements:
    statement statements
        {
            std::swap($$, $2);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), $1);
        }
    | statement { $$.push_back($1); }
optional_statements:
    statements { std::swap($$, $1); }
    | /* no statements */ {}
field_declaration:
    IDENTIFIER COLON type_expression { $$ = std::make_pair($1, $3); }
fields:
    field_declaration fields
        {
            std::swap($$, $2);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), $1);
        }
    | field_declaration { $$.emplace_back($1); }
optional_fields:
    fields { std::swap($$, $1); }
    | /* no fields */ {}
type_expression:
    LEFT_SQUARE INTEGER RIGHT_SQUARE type_expression
        {
            $$ = std::make_shared<elna::boot::array_type>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $4, $2);
        }
    | HAT type_expression
        {
            $$ = std::make_shared<elna::boot::pointer_type>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $2);
        }
    | RECORD optional_fields END_BLOCK
        {
            $$ = std::make_shared<elna::boot::record_type>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), std::move($2));
        }
    | UNION fields END_BLOCK
        {
            $$ = std::make_shared<elna::boot::union_type>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), std::move($2));
        }
    | IDENTIFIER
        {
            $$ = std::make_shared<elna::boot::basic_type>(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1);
        }
variable_declaration: identifier_definitions COLON type_expression
        {
            for (const std::pair<std::string, bool>& identifier : $1)
            {
                elna::boot::variable_declaration *declaration = new elna::boot::variable_declaration(
                    elna::boot::make_position(@2), identifier.first, $3, identifier.second);
                $$.push_back(declaration);
            }
        }
variable_declarations:
    variable_declaration variable_declarations
        {
            std::swap($$, $1);
            $$.reserve($$.size() + $2.size());
            $$.insert(std::end($$), std::begin($2), std::end($2));
        }
    | variable_declaration { std::swap($$, $1); }
variable_part:
    /* no variable declarations */ {}
    | VAR variable_declarations { std::swap($$, $2); }
constant_definition: identifier_definition EQUALS literal
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::constant_definition(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1.first, $1.second, $3);
        }
constant_definitions:
    constant_definition constant_definitions
        {
            std::swap($$, $2);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), std::move($1));
        }
    | constant_definition { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
constant_part:
    /* no constant definitions */ {}
    | CONST {}
    | CONST constant_definitions { std::swap($$, $2); }
type_definition: identifier_definition EQUALS type_expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::type_definition(elna::boot::make_position(@1), $1.first, $1.second, $3);
        }
type_definitions:
    type_definition type_definitions
        {
            std::swap($$, $2);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), std::move($1));
        }
    | type_definition { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
type_part:
    /* no type definitions */ {}
    | TYPE {}
    | TYPE type_definitions { std::swap($$, $2); }
formal_parameter: IDENTIFIER COLON type_expression
        {
            $$ = new elna::boot::variable_declaration(elna::boot::make_position(@2), $1, $3);
        }
formal_parameters:
    formal_parameter COMMA formal_parameters
        {
            std::swap($$, $3);
            $$.emplace($$.cbegin(), $1);
        }
    | formal_parameter { $$.emplace_back(std::move($1)); }
formal_parameter_list:
    LEFT_PAREN RIGHT_PAREN {}
    | LEFT_PAREN formal_parameters RIGHT_PAREN { std::swap($$, $2); }
actual_parameter_list:
    LEFT_PAREN RIGHT_PAREN {}
    | LEFT_PAREN expressions RIGHT_PAREN { std::swap($$, $2); }
%%

void yy::parser::error(const location_type& loc, const std::string& message)
{
    driver.error(loc, message);
}