elna/source/riscv.cpp

#include "elna/parser.hpp"
#include "elna/riscv.hpp"
#include <memory>
#include <cstring>

namespace elna
{
    Instruction::Instruction(BaseOpcode opcode)
    {
        this->instruction = static_cast<std::underlying_type<BaseOpcode>::type>(opcode);
    }

    Instruction& Instruction::i(XRegister rd, Funct3 funct3, XRegister rs1, std::uint32_t immediate)
    {
        this->instruction |= (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rd) << 7)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<Funct3>::type>(funct3) << 12)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rs1) << 15)
            | (immediate << 20);

        return *this;
    }

    Instruction& Instruction::s(std::uint32_t imm1, Funct3 funct3, XRegister rs1, XRegister rs2)
    {
        this->instruction |= ((imm1 & 0b11111) << 7)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<Funct3>::type>(funct3) << 12)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rs1) << 15)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rs2) << 20)
            | ((imm1 & 0b111111100000) << 20);

        return *this;
    }

    Instruction& Instruction::r(XRegister rd, Funct3 funct3, XRegister rs1, XRegister rs2, Funct7 funct7)
    {
        this->instruction |= (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rd) << 7)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<Funct3>::type>(funct3) << 12)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rs1) << 15)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rs2) << 20)
            | (static_cast<std::underlying_type<Funct7>::type>(funct7) << 25);

        return *this;
    }

    Instruction& Instruction::u(XRegister rd, std::uint32_t imm)
    {
        this->instruction |= (static_cast<std::underlying_type<XRegister>::type>(rd) << 7) | (imm << 12);

        return *this;
    }

    const std::byte *Instruction::cbegin()
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<std::byte *>(&this->instruction);
    }

    const std::byte *Instruction::cend()
    {
        return reinterpret_cast<std::byte *>(&this->instruction) + sizeof(this->instruction);
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Node *)
    {
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Definition *definition)
    {
        ++constCount;
        constNames = reinterpret_cast<const char **>(realloc(constNames, sizeof(const char *) * constCount));
        constValues = reinterpret_cast<std::int32_t *>(realloc(constValues, sizeof(std::int32_t) * constCount));

        constNames[constCount - 1] = definition->identifier;
        constValues[constCount - 1] = definition->number->value;
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Block *block)
    {
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < block->definitionsLength; ++i)
        {
            block->definitions[i]->accept(this);
        }
        this->instructionsLength += 4;
        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction *>(
                realloc(this->instructions, this->instructionsLength * sizeof(Instruction)));

        block->statement->accept(this);

        // Prologue.
        const uint stackSize = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(variableCounter * 4 + 12);

        this->instructions[0] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm)
            .i(XRegister::sp, Funct3::addi, XRegister::sp, -stackSize);
        this->instructions[1] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::store)
            .s(stackSize - 4, Funct3::sw, XRegister::sp, XRegister::s0);
        this->instructions[2] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::store)
            .s(stackSize - 8, Funct3::sw, XRegister::sp, XRegister::ra);
        this->instructions[3] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm)
            .i(XRegister::s0, Funct3::addi, XRegister::sp, stackSize);

        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction*>(
            realloc(this->instructions, (this->instructionsLength + 10) * sizeof(Instruction)));

        // Print the result.
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm)
            .i(XRegister::a1, Funct3::addi, XRegister::a0, 0);
        this->references[0] = Reference();
        this->references[0].name = ".CL0";
        this->references[0].offset = instructionsLength * 4;
        this->references[0].target = Target::high20;
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::lui).u(XRegister::a5, 0);
        this->references[1] = Reference();
        this->references[1].name = ".CL0";
        this->references[1].offset = instructionsLength * 4;
        this->references[1].target = Target::lower12i;

        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm)
            .i(XRegister::a0, Funct3::addi, XRegister::a5, 0);
        this->references[2] = Reference();
        this->references[2].name = "printf";
        this->references[2].offset = instructionsLength * 4;
        this->references[2].target = Target::text;
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::auipc).u(XRegister::ra, 0);
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::jalr)
            .i(XRegister::ra, Funct3::jalr, XRegister::ra, 0);
        // Set the return value (0).
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::op)
            .r(XRegister::a0, Funct3::_and, XRegister::zero, XRegister::zero);

        // Epilogue.
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::load)
            .i(XRegister::s0, Funct3::lw, XRegister::sp, stackSize - 4);
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::load)
            .i(XRegister::ra, Funct3::lw, XRegister::sp, stackSize - 8);
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm)
                .i(XRegister::sp, Funct3::addi, XRegister::sp, stackSize);
        this->instructions[instructionsLength++] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::jalr)
            .i(XRegister::zero, Funct3::jalr, XRegister::ra, 0);
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(BangStatement *statement)
    {
        statement->expression->accept(this);
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Expression *operand)
    {
        if (dynamic_cast<Variable *>(operand) != nullptr)
        {
            return dynamic_cast<Variable *>(operand)->accept(this);
        }
        if (dynamic_cast<Number *>(operand) != nullptr)
        {
            return dynamic_cast<Number *>(operand)->accept(this);
        }
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Variable *variable)
    {
        std::size_t i = 0;
        for (; i < constCount; ++i)
        {
            if (std::strcmp(variable->identifier, constNames[i]) == 0)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        const auto freeRegister = this->registerInUse ? XRegister::a0 : XRegister::t0;

        ++this->instructionsLength;
        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction *>(
                realloc(this->instructions, this->instructionsLength * sizeof(Instruction)));
        this->instructions[this->instructionsLength - 1] =
            Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm) // movl $x, %eax; where $x is a number.
                .i(freeRegister, Funct3::addi, XRegister::zero, constValues[i]);
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(Number *number)
    {
        const auto freeRegister = this->registerInUse ? XRegister::a0 : XRegister::t0;

        ++this->instructionsLength;
        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction *>(
                realloc(this->instructions, this->instructionsLength * sizeof(Instruction)));
        this->instructions[this->instructionsLength - 1] =
            Instruction(BaseOpcode::opImm) // movl $x, %eax; where $x is a number.
                .i(freeRegister, Funct3::addi, XRegister::zero, number->value);
    }

    void RiscVVisitor::visit(BinaryExpression *expression)
    {
        const auto lhs_register = this->registerInUse ? XRegister::a0 : XRegister::t0;

        this->registerInUse = true;
        expression->lhs->accept(this);

        ++this->instructionsLength;
        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction *>(
                realloc(this->instructions, this->instructionsLength * sizeof(Instruction)));
        this->instructions[instructionsLength - 1] = // movl %eax, -x(%rbp); where x is a number.
            Instruction(BaseOpcode::store)
                .s(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(this->variableCounter * 4), Funct3::sw, XRegister::sp, XRegister::a0);
        auto lhs_stack_position = ++this->variableCounter;

        this->registerInUse = false;
        expression->rhs->accept(this);

        this->instructionsLength += 2;
        this->instructions = reinterpret_cast<Instruction *>(
                realloc(this->instructions, this->instructionsLength * sizeof(Instruction)));

         this->instructions[instructionsLength - 2] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::load)
            .i(XRegister::a0, Funct3::lw, XRegister::sp,
                static_cast<std::int8_t>((lhs_stack_position - 1) * 4));

        // Calculate the result and assign it to a variable on the stack.
        switch (expression->_operator)
        {
            case BinaryOperator::sum:
                this->instructions[instructionsLength - 1] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::op)
                    .r(lhs_register, Funct3::add, XRegister::a0, XRegister::t0);
                break;
            case BinaryOperator::subtraction:
                this->instructions[instructionsLength - 1] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::op)
                    .r(lhs_register, Funct3::sub, XRegister::a0, XRegister::t0, Funct7::sub);
                break;
            case BinaryOperator::multiplication:
                this->instructions[instructionsLength - 1] = Instruction(BaseOpcode::op)
                    .r(lhs_register, Funct3::mul, XRegister::a0, XRegister::t0, Funct7::muldiv);
                break;
        }
    }

    Symbol writeNext(Block *ast)
    {
        auto visitor = std::make_unique<RiscVVisitor>();
        visitor->visit(ast);

        Symbol program{ "main" };

        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
        {
            program.symbols[i] = visitor->references[i];
        }
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < visitor->instructionsLength; ++i)
        {
            program.text.insert(program.text.cend(),
                    visitor->instructions[i].cbegin(), visitor->instructions[i].cend());
        }
        return program;
    }
}